Antimicrobial Test of "Tutup" Flowers (Macaranga Tanarius (L.) Mull - Arg.)
Antimicrobial Test of "Tutup" Flowers (Macaranga Tanarius (L.) Mull - Arg.)
Antimicrobial Test of "Tutup" Flowers (Macaranga Tanarius (L.) Mull - Arg.)
(Macaranga tanarius (L.) Mull.Arg.)
Fungki Sri Rejeki, Endang Retno Wedowati, and Diana Puspitasari
Agricultural Industrial Technology of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Preservation “siwalan” sap in Lamongan done in two ways, namely by the addition of lime solution
and by addition of liquid of “tutup” flowers. “Tutup” flowers ((Macaranga tanarius (L.) Mull.Arg.) (name
of Lamongan district) is included in the family Euphorbiaceae. Sugar is produced from the sap with liquid
of “tutup” flowers preservative have better quality than the other sap preservative. The results also showed
that the sap with liquid of “tutup” flowers preservative have a longer shelf life, with a fewer the number of
total microbes. Therefore, it needs to be studied a potential “tutup” flowers extract as an anti‐microbial
material. The purpose of this study is as follows: (1) to know and effectiveness test of “tutup” flowers pre‐
servative against pathogenic microorganisms and food destroyer, (2) to determine part of “tutup” plants
which potentially as a preservative, and (3) to determine the minimum concentration of preservative with
Contact Method.
The results showed the following: (1) Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Staphylococcus aureus
can be inhibited by liquid of “tutup” flowers, but the growth of Pseudomonas fluorecens are not inhibited
by liquid of “tutup” flowers; (2) Pseudomonas fluorecens bacterial growth can be inhibited by a solution of
lime, but the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and the Saccharomyces cereviseae not inhibited by a solu‐
tion of lime; (3) Inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by addition of “tutup” plant leaves extract
with concentration 30 % and “tutup” plant flowers extract with 20% and 30% concentration, inhibited the
growth of Pseudomonas fluorecens by addition of “tutup” plant leaves and flowers with 20% and 30% con‐
centration, whereas inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cereviceae by the addition of leaf extract of
“tutup” plant with a concentration of 20% and 30% and a flower extract of “tutup” plant with a minimum
concentration of 10%; and (4) furthermore used flower extract of “tutup” plant with concentration of at
least 20% can inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorecens, and Saccharomyces
cereviceae.
Key words: “tutup” flowers (Macaranga tanarius); antimicrobial; natural preservatives
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of “tutup” flowers as a natural preservative. The minimum inhibitory concentration causing
bacteria do not grow on plates after 24 hours of
2. Methodology contact time with the sample.
2.1 Research place
This research was conducted at Microbiology
3. Results and Discussion
Laboratory and Analysis of Industrial Products
Optimization of part of the “tutup” plants
Laboratory, Study Program of Agriculture Indus‐
that has the potential as preservatives
trial Technology, Department of Engineering, Wi‐
This study was conducted to determine which
jaya Kusuma Surabaya University
parts of the “tutup” plants are leaves and flowers
has a potential as Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudo‐
2.2 Materials and Tools monas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cereviceae
The materials used are leaves and flowers of antimicrobial.
the “tutup” plant, Staphylococcus aureus FNCC Pure microbial cultures obtained from the
0047, Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070, and Inter‐University Center for Food and Nutrition,
Saccharomyces cereviceae FNCC 3012, Agar Nutri‐ University of Gadjah Mada (PAU Food and Nutri‐
ent medium, Nutrient Broth medium, peptone, tion UGM) are Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047,
Yeast Extract, Glucose. The tools used are Lami‐ Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070, and Sac‐
nair Air Flow, autoclave, vortex, test tubes, Erlen‐ charomyces cereviceae FNCC 3012. Pure microbial
meyer, and measuring tools isolate can be seen at Figure 2.
2.3 Research Methods
This study consists of two phase, namely:
First Stage of Research: Optimization of part
of the “tutup” plants that has the potential as pre‐
servatives. This study used a randomized block
design (RBD) with 2 factors pattern that was re‐
peated three times. The first factor is part of the
plant (S1) with two levels, namely:
S1: flowers of “tutup” plant and S2: leaves of of
“tutup” plant. The second factor is solution con‐
centration (K) with three levels, namely: K1: 10%,
K2: 20%. And K3: 30%
Optimization of part of the “tutup” plants that Figure 2. Pure microbial isolate
has the potential as preservatives will be deter‐
mined by testing a preservative against microbial The results of antimicrobial activity test with
activity test, namely: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseu‐ two factors, namely the part of the plant (S) and
domonas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cer‐ concentration (K) can be seen at Figure 3 and Ta‐
eviceae. Analysis is conducted by descriptive ble 1.
analysis
Second stage of Research: Determination of
antimicrobial minimum concentration with Con‐
tact Method
10 ml of Nutrient Broth (NB) sterile in erlen‐
meyer addition the sample extract to obtain the
concentration (% w/v) as desired. Furthermore,
this medium was inoculated with 0.1 ml of bacte‐
rial suspension test 24 hours old. 1 ml of this mix‐
ture were taken on plates (0 hour) with a dilution Figure 3. Inhibition zone of “tutup” plant leaves
rate of 10‐5, 10‐6, and 10‐7. The rest of the mixture of and flowers
sample and bacteria shaking in a shaker at 150
rpm, 370C for 24 hours. At 24th hour, 1 ml of the Antimicrobial test results showed that the
mixture was taken and made the level of dilution leaves and flowers of “tutup” plants has antimicro‐
10‐5, 10‐6, and 10‐7. 10 NB sterile without the addi‐ bial effects with varying concentrations. Staphylo‐
tion of extract used as control. Each dish was in‐ coccus aureus growth inhibited by the addition of
cubated for 48 hours at a temperature of 370C. “tutup” plants leaves extracts at concentration of
95
30% and “tutup” plants flowers extract at concentration 30%. While Saccharomyces cereviceae
of 20% and 30%. Pseudomonas fluorescens growth in‐ inhibited growth with the addition of
hibited with the addition of “tutup” plants leaves ex‐ “tutup” plants leaves extracts at concen‐
tracts at concentration of 20% and 30%; and “tutup” tration of 20% and 30% and “tutup” plants
plants flowers extract at concentration of 20% and flowers extract with concentration of 10%,
20% and 30%. Based the test results
shown that the inhibition zone diameter
Table 1. Test results of antimicrobial of “tutup” plant leaves relatively smaller
Microbes Parts of Concentration Antimicrobial than the zone of inhibition of “tutup”
the activity plants flowers. This is probably caused by
plant the concentration of the antimicrobial at
Staphylococcus Leaves 10 % ‐ the “tutup” plants flowers is higher than
aureus the concentration of the antimicrobial at
20 % ‐
the “tutup” plants leaves. “Tutup” plants
30 % + contains diterpenoids, flavonoids, and
flowers 10 % ‐ tannins. Phommart, S., et al. (2005) have
isolated tanarifuranonol, tanariflavonona
20 % + C, and tanariflavonona D of “tutup” plant
30 % +++ leaves. Furthermore, Kawakami, A., et al.
(2008) have isolated seven prenylated
Pseudomonas Leaves 10 % ‐ flavonones compounds are macafla‐
fluorescens
20 % + vonones A ‐ G. Compounds alkaloids,
saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpe‐
30 % ++ noids are compounds that can inhibit mi‐
flowers 10 % ‐ crobial activity
20 % ++
3.2. Determination of Antimicrobial
30 % +++ Minimum Concentration with
Contact Method
Saccharomyces Leaves 10 % ‐ Antimicrobial Minimum Concentration
cereviceae Test with Contact Method conducted to deter‐
20 % +
mine the minimum concentration “tutup”
30 % ++ flower extract that can inhibit microbial
growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomo‐
flowers 10 % +
nas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cereviceae
20 % ++ after contact with preservative for 24 hours.
The results of antimicrobial minimum inhibi‐
30 % +++ tory concentration test can be seen at Table 2
and Figure 4.
Description: ‐) no inhibition of growth
+) There is inhibition of growth
Table 2. Antimicrobial minimum inhibition concentration
Microbes Parts of Consentration (%)
the plant 10 12,5 15 17,5 20 22,5 25 27,5 30
Staphylococcus aureus Leaves + + + + + + + + ‐
Flowers + + + + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Pseudomonas Leaves + + + + + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
fluorescens
Flowers + + + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Saccharomyces Leaves + + + + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
cereviceae
Flowers ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Description: ‐) no growth ; +) There is growth
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Table 2 shows that the growth of Staphylococ‐ concentration of at least 20% can inhibit the
cus aureus inhibited by the addition of “tutup” growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
plant leaves extracts at concentration of 30%, and fluorescens, and Saccharomyces cereviceae.
inhibited started with the addition of “tutup”
plants flowers extract at concentration of 20%. Acknowledgement
Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited by the addi‐ The authors would like to thank the Director‐
tion of “tutup” plant leaves extracts at concentra‐ ate of Research and Community Service, the Direc‐
tions of 22.5%, and inhibited started with the ad‐ torate General of Higher Education, Ministry of
dition of “tutup” plants flowers extract at concen‐ National Education has financed this research
tration of 17.5%. While Saccharomyces cereviceae through Competitive Grants Research Program.
began inhibited by the addition of “tutup” plant
leaves extracts at concentrations of 20%, and in‐
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