3.

3 Lines 173

Exer. 13–14: Sketch the graph of y  mx for the given Exer. 21–32: Find a general form of an equation of the line
values of m. through the point A that satisfies the given condition.
2 1 1 1
13 m  3,
2, 3 ,
4 14 m  5,
3, 2 ,
3 21 A
5,
2

(a) parallel to the y-axis

Exer. 15–16: Sketch the graph of the line through P for
each value of m. (b) perpendicular to the y-axis
1 1
15 P
3, 1; m  2 ,
1,
5
22 A

4, 2

16 P

2, 4; m  1,
2,
21 (a) parallel to the x-axis

(b) perpendicular to the x-axis

Exer. 17–18: Write equations of the lines.
17 y 23 A
5,
3; slope
4 24 A

1, 4; slope 23

25 A
4, 0; slope
3 26 A
0,
2; slope 5

27 A
4,
5; through B

3, 6

x
5
28 A

1, 6; x-intercept 5
4
29 A
2,
4; parallel to the line 5x
2y  4
(2,
3)
30 A

3, 5; parallel to the line x  3y  1

31 A
7,
3; perpendicular to the line 2x
5y  8

18 y 32 A
4, 5; perpendicular to the line 3x  2y  7

Exer. 33–36: Find the slope-intercept form of the line that

satisfies the given conditions.
33 x-intercept 4, y-intercept
3
3
(
1, 2) 34 x-intercept
5, y-intercept
1
4
x 35 Through A
5, 2 and B

1, 4

36 Through A

2, 1 and B
3, 7

Exer. 37–38: Find a general form of an equation for the per-

pendicular bisector of the segment AB.
Exer. 19–20: Sketch the graphs of the lines on the same 37 A
3,
1, B

2, 6 38 A
4, 2, B

2, 10
coordinate plane.
19 y  x  3, y  x  1, y 
x  1 Exer. 39–40: Find an equation for the line that bisects the
given quadrants.
20 y 
2x
1, y 
2x  3, y  12 x  3 39 II and IV 40 I and III

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174 CHAPTER 3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

Exer. 41–44: Use the slope-intercept form to find the slope (c) (d)
and y-intercept of the given line, and sketch its graph. y y
41 2x  15
3y 42 7x 
4y
8
m3
43 4x
3y  9 44 x
5y 
15

x x
Exer. 45–46: Find an equation of the line shown in the ma
figure.
(
2,
5)
45 (a) (b)
y y

m 
q Exer. 47–48: If a line l has nonzero x- and y-intercepts a and

b, respectively, then its intercept form is
x y
x x   1.
a b
Find the intercept form for the given line.
47 4x
2y  6 48 x
3y 
2

49 Find an equation of the circle that has center C
3,
2 and
(c) (d) is tangent to the line y  5.
y y
50 Find an equation of the line that is tangent to the circle
x 2  y 2  25 at the point P
3, 4.

m 
w m 
1 51 Fetal growth The growth of a fetus more than 12 weeks old

can be approximated by the formula L  1.53t
6.7, where
L is the length (in centimeters) and t is the age (in weeks).
x
(3,
2) x Prenatal length can be determined by ultrasound. Approxi-
mate the age of a fetus whose length is 28 centimeters.

52 Estimating salinity Salinity of the ocean refers to the

amount of dissolved material found in a sample of seawater.
Salinity S can be estimated from the amount C of chlorine
in seawater using S  0.03  1.805C, where S and C are
measured by weight in parts per thousand. Approximate C
46 (a) (b)
if S is 0.35.
y y
53 Weight of a humpback whale The expected weight W
(in tons) of a humpback whale can be approximated from
md its length L (in feet) by using W  1.70L
42.8 for
30  L  50.

x x (a) Estimate the weight of a 40-foot humpback whale.

(b) If the error in estimating the length could be as large as

2 feet, what is the corresponding error for the weight
estimate?

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 652 CHAPTER 9 S YS TEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

9.2 Exercises

Exer. 1–20: Solve the system.
22 Air travel An airline that flies from Los Angeles to
1  2x  3y
2
x  2y
8
2  4x  5y
13
3x  y
4
Albuquerque with a stopover in Phoenix charges a fare
of $90 to Phoenix and a fare of $120 from Los Angeles to
Albuquerque. A total of 185 passengers boarded the plane

 
in Los Angeles, and fares totaled $21,000. How many pas-
2x  5y
16 7x  8y
9
3 4 sengers got off the plane in Phoenix?
3x  7y
24 4x  3y
10

 
23 Crayon dimensions A crayon 8 centimeters in length and
3r  4s
3 9u  2v
0 1 centimeter in diameter will be made from 5 cm3 of colored

5 6
r  2s
4 3u  5v
17 wax. The crayon is to have the shape of a cylinder sur-
mounted by a small conical tip (see the figure). Find the

7  5x  6y
4
3x  7y
8
8  2x  8y
7
3x  5y
4
length x of the cylinder and the height y of the cone.

Exercise 23

9  1
3c  12 d
5
2
c  3 d
1
10  1
2t
2
3t
 15 v
32
 14 v
12
5
x
y

11  23 x  22 y
2 23
2 22 x  23 y
22
12  0.11x  0.03y
0.25
0.12x  0.05y
0.70 8 cm

13  2x  3y
5
6x  9y
12
14  3p  q
7
12p  4q
3
24 Rowing a boat A man rows a boat 500 feet upstream against
a constant current in 10 minutes. He then rows 300 feet
downstream (with the same current) in 5 minutes. Find the

 
speed of the current and the equivalent rate at which he can
3m  4n
2 x  5y
2

15 16 row in still water.
6m  8n
4 3x  15y
6
25 Table top dimensions A large table for a conference room

 
is to be constructed in the shape of a rectangle with two
2y  5x
0 3x  7y
9 semicircles at the ends (see the figure). The table is to have
17 18
3y  4x
0 y
5 a perimeter of 40 feet, and the area of the rectangular por-
tion is to be twice the sum of the areas of the two ends. Find


2 3

 

2 the length l and the width w of the rectangular portion.
x y 1 1

19 Hint: Let u
and v
.
4 5 x y Exercise 25

1
x y


3 4

2
x1 y2
20 w
6 7

3
x1 y2
l
21 Ticket sales The price of admission to a high school play
was $3.00 for students and $4.50 for nonstudents. If 450 tick-
ets were sold for a total of $1555.50, how many of each kind 26 Investment income A woman has $19,000 to invest in two
were purchased? funds that pay simple interest at the rates of 4% and 6% per

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 9.2 Sy s tems of Linear Equations in Two Var iables 653

year. Interest on the 4% fund is tax-exempt; however, in- 32 Filling orders A stationery company sells two types of
come tax must be paid on interest on the 6% fund. Being in notepads to college bookstores, the first wholesaling for 50¢
a high tax bracket, the woman does not wish to invest the and the second for 70¢. The company receives an order for
entire sum in the 6% account. Is there a way of investing the 500 notepads, together with a check for $286. If the order
money so that she will receive $1000 in interest at the end fails to specify the number of each type, how should the
of one year? company fill the order?

27 Bobcat population A bobcat population is classified by age 33 Acceleration As a ball rolls down an inclined plane, its
into kittens (less than 1 year old) and adults (at least 1 year velocity v
t (in cmsec) at time t (in seconds) is given by
old). All adult females, including those born the prior year, v
t
v 0  at for initial velocity v 0 and acceleration a (in
have a litter each June, with an average litter size of 3 kit- cmsec2). If v
2
16 and v
5
25, find v 0 and a.
tens. The springtime population of bobcats in a certain area
34 Vertical projection If an object is projected vertically
is estimated to be 6000, and the male-female ratio is one.
upward from an altitude of s 0 feet with an initial velocity
Estimate the number of adults and kittens in the population.
of v 0 ftsec, then its distance s
t above the ground after
t seconds is
28 Flow rates A 300-gallon water storage tank is filled by a
single inlet pipe, and two identical outlet pipes can be used s
t
16t 2  v 0 t  s 0 .
to supply water to the surrounding fields (see the figure). It If s
1
84 and s
2
116, what are v 0 and s 0?
takes 5 hours to fill an empty tank when both outlet pipes
are open. When one outlet pipe is closed, it takes 3 hours to 35 Planning production A small furniture company manufac-
fill the tank. Find the flow rates (in gallons per hour) in and tures sofas and recliners. Each sofa requires 8 hours of labor
out of the pipes. and $180 in materials, while a recliner can be built for $105
in 6 hours. The company has 340 hours of labor available
Exercise 28
each week and can afford to buy $6750 worth of materials.
How many recliners and sofas can be produced if all labor
hours and all materials must be used?

36 Livestock diet A rancher is preparing an oat-cornmeal

mixture for livestock. Each ounce of oats provides 4 grams
of protein and 18 grams of carbohydrates, and an ounce of
cornmeal provides 3 grams of protein and 24 grams of
carbohydrates. How many ounces of each can be used
to meet the nutritional goals of 200 grams of protein and
1320 grams of carbohydrates per feeding?

37 Services swap A plumber and an electrician are each doing

repairs on their offices and agree to swap services. The
29 Mixing a silver alloy A silversmith has two alloys, one con- number of hours spent on each of the projects is shown in
taining 35% silver and the other 60% silver. How much of the following table.
each should be melted and combined to obtain 100 grams of
an alloy containing 50% silver? Plumber’s Electrician’s
office office
30 Mixing nuts A merchant wishes to mix peanuts costing
$3 per pound with cashews costing $8 per pound to obtain Plumber’s hours 6 4
60 pounds of a mixture costing $5 per pound. How many Electrician’s hours 5 6
pounds of each variety should be mixed?
They would prefer to call the matter even, but because of tax
31 Air travel An airplane, flying with a tail wind, travels laws, they must charge for all work performed. They agree
1200 miles in 2 hours. The return trip, against the wind, to select hourly wage rates so that the bill on each project
takes 2 21 hours. Find the cruising speed of the plane and the will match the income that each person would ordinarily re-
speed of the wind (assume that both rates are constant). ceive for a comparable job.
(continued)

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