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    Thermal Life

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    123harsh123
    The thermal life expectancy of an insulation system is generally designed to be approximately 20,000 to 25,000 hours when operated continuously at its maximum rated temperature. The "Rule of 10" approximates that reducing the total operating temperature by 10°C doubles the insulation life, while raising it by 10°C halves the life. Operating a generator with Class H insulation continuously at the Class F rating of 155°C can extend its thermal life from 20,000-25,000 hours to over 100,000 hours. Engineers may specify alternators be rated at one class lower than the specified insulation class to further increase insulation life.

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    Thermal Life

    Uploaded by

    123harsh123
    31 views2 pages
    The thermal life expectancy of an insulation system is generally designed to be approximately 20,000 to 25,000 hours when operated continuously at its maximum rated temperature. The "Rule of 10" approximates that reducing the total operating temperature by 10°C doubles the insulation life, while raising it by 10°C halves the life. Operating a generator with Class H insulation continuously at the Class F rating of 155°C can extend its thermal life from 20,000-25,000 hours to over 100,000 hours. Engineers may specify alternators be rated at one class lower than the specified insulation class to further increase insulation life.

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    Thermal life of an insulation

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    The thermal life expectancy of an insulation system is generally designed to be approximately 20,000 to 25,000 hours when operated continuously at its maximum rated temperature. The "Rule of 10" approximates that reducing the total operating temperature by 10°C doubles the insulation life, while raising it by 10°C halves the life. Operating a generator with Class H insulation continuously at the Class F rating of 155°C can extend its thermal life from 20,000-25,000 hours to over 100,000 hours. Engineers may specify alternators be rated at one class lower than the specified insulation class to further increase insulation life.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    31 views2 pages

    Thermal Life

    Uploaded by

    123harsh123
    The thermal life expectancy of an insulation system is generally designed to be approximately 20,000 to 25,000 hours when operated continuously at its maximum rated temperature. The "Rule of 10" approximates that reducing the total operating temperature by 10°C doubles the insulation life, while raising it by 10°C halves the life. Operating a generator with Class H insulation continuously at the Class F rating of 155°C can extend its thermal life from 20,000-25,000 hours to over 100,000 hours. Engineers may specify alternators be rated at one class lower than the specified insulation class to further increase insulation life.

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    INSULATION SYSTEM THERMAL LIFE EXPECTANCY vs TOTAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE

    The thermal life expectancy of an insulation system, when operated at the maximum, continuous, total
    temperature rating of the insulation system, is generally designed to be approximately 20,000 to 25,000
    hours under ideal environmental conditions.

    The “Rule of 10” (based upon the Arrhenius Equation of chemical reaction time vs temperature) can be
    adapted to approximate the relationship between insulation life and total operating temperature. This
    rule states that if a generator’s total operating temperature is reduced by 10°C, the thermal life of the
    insulation system is approximately doubled. Conversely, if the total operating temperature is raised by
    10°C, the thermal life expectancy of the insulation system is reduced by one half.

    The graph below is a tool for estimating thermal life expectancy, under ideal environmental conditions,
    and indicates that operating a generator at the continuous total temperature of the next lower class of
    insulation will increase the insulation’s thermal life by a factor of four to five. Example: A generator
    built with Class H insulation operated continuously at a Class F rating of 155°C will have a
    thermal life expectancy extended from 20 to 25 thousand hours to over 100 thousand hours.

    For this reason, engineers and architects specifying an on-site electrical power generation system
    intended to be the primary source of electrical power for a facility may require the alternator to be rated
    at a temperature rise not to exceed that of one class lower than the specified class of insulation.

    TRS G:\Marketing_Generators\Product Application Data - Small Generators\Application and Technical White Papers\Insulation Systems and Thermal Life Expectancy.docx
    12/18/2015
    Continuous Duty Temperature Rises NEMA MG 1-2003 Part 33, Table 33-3

    Class B Class F Class H


    Method of
    Item Machine Part Temperature Maximum Maximum Maximum
    Temp Temp Temp
    Measurement Observed Observed Observed
    Rise °C Rise °C Rise °C
    Temp °C Temp °C Temp °C
    a. Armature Windings
    1. All kVA Ratings Resistance 80 120 105 145 125 165
    2. 1563 kVA and Less Embedded Detector 90 130 115 115 140 180

    3. Over 1563 kVA


    a) 7000 volts and less Embedded Detector 85 125 110 150 135 175
    b) Over 7000 volts Embedded Detector 80 120 105 145 125 165
    b. Field Windings Resistance 80 120 105 145 125 165

    Standby Duty Temperature Rises NEMA MG 1-2003 Part 33, Table 33-3 and Article 33.3.2.3

    Class B Class F Class H


    Method of
    Item Machine Part Temperature Maximum Maximum Maximum
    Temp Temp Temp
    Measurement Observed Observed Observed
    Rise °C Rise °C Rise °C
    Temp °C Temp °C Temp °C
    a. Armature Windings
    1. All kVA Ratings Resistance 105 145 130 170 150 190
    2. 1563 kVA and Less Embedded Detector 115 155 140 180 165 205

    3. Over 1563 kVA


    a) 7000 volts and less Embedded Detector 110 150 135 175 160 200
    b) Over 7000 volts Embedded Detector 105 145 130 170 150 190
    b. Field Windings Resistance 105 145 130 170 150 190

    Notes:

    1. Class A Insulation temperature limits found in NEMA MG 1-2003 have been omitted from the above
    tables due to lack of current usage.

    2. Maximum Observed Temperature °C is the maximum allowable temperature of the winding being
    observed. This value is derived by adding 40 °C ambient to the maximum allowable temperature rise for
    the Class of Insulation and the Method of Measurement. Should this value be exceeded, the load on the
    generator should be reduced until the observed temperature is reduced to a level equal to, or less than
    the maximum allowable limits for the Class of Insulation and duty cycle.

    3. NEMA allows an increase of up to 25 °C in temperature for Stand By duty per Note 1 of Table 22-5 and
    article 22.85.

    TRS G:\Marketing_Generators\Product Application Data - Small Generators\Application and Technical White Papers\Insulation Systems and Thermal Life Expectancy.docx
    12/18/2015

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