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    Operators & Decision Statements

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    Radowan 7890
    The document discusses operators and expressions in C++. It explains that expressions can combine variables and literals using operators. Expressions are evaluated to have a value but cannot be used on the left side of assignments. There are three main categories of operators - unary, binary, and ternary. Unary operators work on a single operand, binary operators work on two operands, and ternary operators work on three operands. Common binary operators include arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators. Logical operators combine conditions using AND, OR, and NOT. Assignment operators assign values to variables.

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    Operators & Decision Statements

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    Radowan 7890
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    The document discusses operators and expressions in C++. It explains that expressions can combine variables and literals using operators. Expressions are evaluated to have a value but cannot be used on the left side of assignments. There are three main categories of operators - unary, binary, and ternary. Unary operators work on a single operand, binary operators work on two operands, and ternary operators work on three operands. Common binary operators include arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators. Logical operators combine conditions using AND, OR, and NOT. Assignment operators assign values to variables.

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    The document discusses operators and expressions in C++. It explains that expressions can combine variables and literals using operators. Expressions are evaluated to have a value but cannot be used on the left side of assignments. There are three main categories of operators - unary, binary, and ternary. Unary operators work on a single operand, binary operators work on two operands, and ternary operators work on three operands. Common binary operators include arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators. Logical operators combine conditions using AND, OR, and NOT. Assignment operators assign values to variables.

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    34 views23 pages

    Operators & Decision Statements

    Uploaded by

    Radowan 7890
    The document discusses operators and expressions in C++. It explains that expressions can combine variables and literals using operators. Expressions are evaluated to have a value but cannot be used on the left side of assignments. There are three main categories of operators - unary, binary, and ternary. Unary operators work on a single operand, binary operators work on two operands, and ternary operators work on three operands. Common binary operators include arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators. Logical operators combine conditions using AND, OR, and NOT. Assignment operators assign values to variables.

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    of 23

    Lecture 3

    Operators & Decision Statements


    Expressions

    C++ allows us to create complex mathematical


    expressions by combining variables and literals with
    operators

    An expression is a statement that has a value

    An expression never appears on the left hand side of


    an assignment statement

    x + y + 17 = 0;
    Part of an expression

    An expression can be a combination of the following


    elements
    Literal : 17, 2.54, ‘C’, “hello”
    Variable : x, numberOfFriends
    Operators : +, -, <, >

    a = 17;
    b = 17 + a;
    c = 5 + 2 * numberOfFriends - 4 / 10;
    Expression I/O

    cout will output the value of an expression:


    cout << 17 * 3 - 9 << endl;
    It displays 42

    We can also do chained output of expressions:


    cout << "Its " << 9-1 << “pm”;
    It displays Its 8 pm
    Expression I/O

    Extractions on cin can also be chained to request more than


    one datum in a single statement.

    cin >> a >> b;

    This is equivalent to:

    cin >> a;

    cin >> b;
    Expression I/O

    We can not use expression in the same way with cin.

    cin >> 17;


    cin >> x + 17;

    What is the problem?


    Advantage of using expression

    Expressions can:
    1. Shorten the length of a program
    2. Reduce the need for some variables
    3. Sometimes make it easier to follow the logic
    Operators

    An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform


    specific mathematical or logical manipulations. We can
    divide operator in C++ into 3 main categories-

    1. Unary Operators
    2. Binary Operators
    3. Ternary Operators
    Unary Operators

    1. Operators that operates or works with a single operand


    are unary operators.
    2. For example: (++ ,--)
    Post-increment operator
    Addition of 1 to a variable is done so frequently in programs that we have a special
    operator for that purpose
    x = x + 1; is equivalent to x++;
    x = x - 1; is equivalent to x--;
    int x = 5;

    cout<<x<<endl; //Output -> 5

    cout<<x++<<endl;//Output -> 5
    cout<<x<<endl; //Output -> 6 Beware of its behaviour
    Pre-increment operator

    Addition of 1 to a variable is done so frequently in programs that we have a special


    operator for that purpose
    x = x + 1; is equivalent to ++x;
    x = x - 1; is equivalent to --x;
    int x = 5;

    cout<<x<<endl; //Output -> 5


    Beware of its behaviour
    cout<<++x<<endl;//Output -> 6

    cout<<x<<endl; //Output -> 6


    Binary Operator

    Operators that operates or works with two operands are


    binary operators.

    1. Arithmetic
    2. Relational
    3. Logical
    4. Bitwise
    5. Assignment
    Arithmetic Operator

    Operators used to perform mathematical operations.

    1. For addition ‘+’


    2. For multiplication ‘*’
    3. For subtraction ‘-’
    4. For division ‘/’
    5. For modulus ‘%’
    PEMDAS Order

    Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally

    1. Parenthesis.
    2. Exponents.
    3. Multiplication or Division. [Whichever comes first]
    4. Followed by Addition or Subtraction. [Whichever comes
    first]

    So let us look at some math: (7+(3*15-8)*2/6-4)/9


    Division Operator
    Results of an algebraic or arithmetic operation depends on the data type of the operands

    This becomes problematic for division operations in particular


    int / int -> int
    double / double -> double

    So, 7/5 = 1

    If you want a decimal number then you need to convert one of the operands to
    floating-point e.g : 7.0/5 = 1.4
    Relational Operator

    Relational operators are used for comparison of the values


    of two operands.
    Logical Operator

    Logical Operators are used to combine two or more


    conditions/constraints or to complement the evaluation of
    the original condition in consideration. The result of the
    operation of a logical operator is a boolean value either
    true or false.
    Logical Operators

    && AND New relational expression is true if both


    expressions are true.
    Binary operator

    || OR New relational expression is true if either


    expression is true.
    Binary operator

    ! NOT Reverses the value of an expression – true


    expression becomes false, and false becomes
    true.
    Unary operator
    &&
    #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    int main()
    {
    int x,y;
    cout<<"Enter the x value: ";
    cin >> x;
    cout<<"Enter the y value: ";
    cin>> y;
    if (x ==5 && y == 7)
    {cout<<"Today We have first class of csc 101";}
    else {cout << "No class"<<endl;}
    return 0;
    }
    &&
    #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    int main()
    {
    string day; string hour;
    cout<<"Day";
    cin >> day;
    cout<<"Hour";
    cin>> hour;
    if (day =="monday" && hour == "1.40pm")
    {cout<<"Today there is a CSC class";}
    else {cout << "Don’t know"<<endl;}
    return 0;

    }
    Logical Operators Precedence

    ! has highest precedence, followed by &&, then ||

    !
    &&
    ||

    Always use parentheses if you are unsure about precedence


    Assignment Operator

    Assignment operators are used to assign value to a variable.


    The left side operand of the assignment operator is a
    variable and right side operand of the assignment operator
    is a value.
    A few more operators

    Shorthand Operators
    Combine addition and assignment : +=
    Combine multiplication and assignment : *=
    Combine other arithmetic operators and assignment : -=, /=, %= …

    E.g:
    x = x + 17; is equivalent to x += 17;
    x = x - 17; is equivalent to x -= 17;

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