MMW Notes

MMW Notes 3.
Existential Statement – there is at

least one thing for which the
Mathematics as a Language
property is true
- Language facilitates
Conditional Statement
communication as it allows people
to express themselves and - symbolized by p and q
somehow bridges the gap among - is an if-then statement in which p is
them a hypothesis and q is a conclusion
- MATH as a language is precise as
such it is able to make very fine
distinctions or definitions among a
set of mathematical symbols
- A mathematician can express long
expositions or sentences briefly
using the language of mathematics
Mathematical Statement
- declarative statement that is either

true or false
The following are NOT mathematical

statements:
1. neither true nor false

2. it is a command or an order =
imperative sentence
3. it is a question = interrogative
sentence
4. has pronouns
5. expressing variable time
Sets
6. expresses opinion
7. not declarative - Is any collection of objects
8. truth value depends on a variable (elements) which may be
value mathematical or not
- Should be related and well –
Kinds of Mathematical Statements:
defined
1. Universal Statement - says that a
Subset
certain property is true for all
elements in a set - Part of another set
2. Conditional Statement – says that if
one thing is true then some other How to Describe a Set?
thing has also to be true - Roster Method
- Ruled Method
Union of Sets - a collection of sets of all dependable one or one that might
elements in the collection have just happened by chance in
the study.
Intersection of a set – set of items that is Applications
present in both sets  Government agencies
 Science and medicine
Complement of a set – elements that are
 Business
not inside the circle
 education
Statistics and its Applications How to solve the Mean, Median, Mode,
Standard deviation, Variance, and Range
 Statistics came from the Latin word
statisticus which means “the study Mean – the expected value or average, is
of people, supplies, etc. in a state the central value of a discrete set of
 A branch of mathematics that deals numbers: specifically, the sum of the values
with collecting, simplifying, and divided by the number of values
describing data. It is also concerned Formula:
with drawing conclusions about
populations based on data from
samples
Steps:
 Is all about making sense of data,
and figuring out how to put that 1. Identify the data
information to use 2. Follow the formula:
 2 Main Branches a. Add the data
o Descriptive Statistics – b. Divide the sum with the
techniques in collecting, number of data
organizing, and escribing
Median – a value separating higher half
numerical facts called data
from the lower half
- 2 categories of measures: central
tendency and variability - The middle value of a sorted list of
- Use to repurpose hard-to- numbers
understand quantitative insights
Steps:
across a large data set (GPA)
o Inferential Statistics – 1. Sort the values (ascending or
drawing conclusions or descending order)
decisions about 2. Count the number of values (x); if
populations based on odd, x + 1 then divide by 2; if even,
random samples. determine the middle pair and find
- 2 main areas: estimating the value by adding the pair and
parameters and hypothesis testing dividing by 2.
- To try to infer from sample data
what the population might think; Mode – the value that appears most often
or make a judgement of the in a set of data values
probability that an observed
- To find the mode, put the numbers
difference between groups is a
in order. Then count how many of
each number. A number that 3. Get the average of squared
appears most often is the mode differences and divide by n – 1
- Having two modes is called
Range – difference between the highest
bimodal
and lowest values in the set
- Having more than 2 modes is called
multimodal - Provides an indication of statistical
- Recognize that modes for non- dispersion around the central
numerical data sets can be found in tendency or how spread out the
the same way as for numerical data data are.
sets - Data with large ranges tend to be
- Recognize that no mode exists for more spread out
data sets in which every value
occurs the same number of times Formula: Range = Maximum Value –
Minimum Value
Standard Deviation – measure of the
amount of variation or dispersion of a set
of values
Formula:
Steps:
1. Find
the mean
2. Find the difference of each data
and the mean and square it.
3. Finding the sum of step 2
4. Divide the sum of step 3 by n – 1
(number of data)
5. Finding the square root of step 4
Variance – the average of the squared

differences from the mean
- Measures how far a set of numbers

is spread out from their average
value
- Square of standard deviation
Steps:
1. Find the mean

2. Subtract the mean from each
number in the data and square the
result

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MMW Notes 3.

Existential Statement – there is at

- declarative statement that is either

The following are NOT mathematical

1. neither true nor false

Variance – the average of the squared

- Measures how far a set of numbers

1. Find the mean

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