EI

Chapter 5: Functions and Graphs

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O
KO
5.2 Composite Functions
G
N
KA

Prepared by: Kang Kooi Wei

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(a) Represent a composite function using an arrow diagram
(b) Find composite function.

IW
* Include repeated composite functions such as 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈
𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 ∙ 𝒉.

O
(c) Find one of the functions when the composite and the other

KO
functions are given.
* Exclude domain, range and existence of composite
G
functions.
N
KA

Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Composite functions

EI
Arrow diagram represent composite functions

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f g
1 3 4

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4 5
5 8 7

KO
The arrow diagram shows two functions f and g . Find the value
G
of
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(a) 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 (𝟏) (c) 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 (𝟓)

(b) 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 (𝟒)
Bloom: Remembering
KangKooiWei@KMK Bloom: Understanding
 Composite functions

EI
Solution:

IW
(a) 𝒇 𝟏 =𝟑 (c) 𝒇 𝟓 =𝟖
𝒈 𝟑 =𝟒 𝒈 𝟖 =𝟕

O
𝒈∙𝒇 𝟏 =𝟒 𝒈∙𝒇 𝟓 =𝟕

(b) 𝒇 𝟒 =𝟓
KO
G
𝒈 𝟓 =𝟕
N

𝒈∙𝒇 𝟒 =𝟕
KA

Bloom: Remembering
KangKooiWei@KMK Bloom: Understanding
 Example

EI
Given 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 . Find the composite
functions of 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 and 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 .

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Solution:

O
Substituting 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 .
(𝒈 ∙ 𝒇) 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝟐𝒙)

KO
= 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 Replacing 𝒙 with 𝟐𝒙 in the function 𝒇 𝒙 .
= 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
G
(𝒇 ∙ 𝒈) 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝟏) Substituting 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 .
N
KA

= 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟏) Replacing 𝒙 with 𝒙 + 𝟏 in the function 𝒈 𝒙 .

Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Example

EI
Given 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 . Find the composite
functions of 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 and 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 .

IW
Solution:

O
Substituting 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 .
(𝒈 ∙ 𝒇) 𝒙 = 𝒈(𝟐𝒙)

KO
= 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 Replacing 𝒙 with 𝟐𝒙 in the function 𝒇 𝒙 .
= 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
G
(𝒇 ∙ 𝒈) 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝟏) Substituting 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 .
N
KA

= 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟏) Replacing 𝒙 with 𝒙 + 𝟏 in the function 𝒈 𝒙 .

Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Example
Three functions 𝒇 , 𝒈 and 𝒉 are defined as follows.

EI
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟖 − 𝟑𝒙 and 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙

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Find
(a) 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈𝟐 (𝒙)

O
KO
(b) 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 ∙ 𝒉 (𝒙)
G
N
KA

Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Solution

EI
𝟐 𝟐
(a) 𝒇∙𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒈(𝒈 𝒙 ) Using definition of 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒈 𝒈(𝒙) .

IW
= 𝒇 𝒈(𝟖 − 𝟑𝒙) Substituting 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟖 − 𝟑𝒙 .

= 𝒇 𝟖 − 𝟑(𝟖 − 𝟑𝒙) Replacing 𝒙 with 8-3𝒙 in the

O
function 𝒈 𝒙 .

KO
= 𝒇 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔
𝟑
= 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 Replacing 𝒙 with 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 in the
G
function 𝒇 𝒙 .
N
KA

Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Solution

EI
(b) 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 ∙ 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒈(𝒉 𝒙 ) Using definition of 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 ∙ 𝒉 .

IW
= 𝒇 𝒈(𝟐𝒙) Substituting 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 .

= 𝒇 𝟖 − 𝟑(𝟐𝒙) Replacing 𝒙 with 𝟐𝒙 in the function

O
𝒈 𝒙 .

KO
= 𝒇 𝟖 − 𝟔𝒙
𝟑
= 𝟖 − 𝟔𝒙 Replacing 𝒙 with 𝟖 − 𝟔𝒙 in the
G
function 𝒇 𝒙 .
N
KA

Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Example

EI
Given 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 , find 𝒇(𝒙) .

IW
Solution:

O
𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓

KO
𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒇 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 Substituting 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 .
G
Let 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 Representing 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 by 𝒚 .
N

𝒚+𝟏
KA

𝒙= Expressing 𝒙 in terms of 𝒚 .
𝟐

Bloom: Understanding
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 Solution

EI
𝒚+𝟏 Substituting 𝒙 = 𝒚 + 𝟏 into the
𝒇 𝒚 =𝟑 +𝟓 𝟐

IW
𝟐 function 𝒇 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 .
𝟑𝒚 + 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎
=

O
𝟐
𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑

KO
=
𝟐
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟑
G
𝒇 𝒙 = Replacing 𝒚 with 𝒙 to obtain 𝒇 𝒙 .
𝟐
N
KA

Bloom: Understanding
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Example

EI
Find 𝒇(𝒙) such that 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟐 and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝟏 .

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Solution:

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𝒈∙𝒇 𝒙 =𝒙+𝟐

KO
𝒈 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 −𝟏=𝒙+𝟐 Replacing 𝒙 with 𝒇 𝒙 in the function 𝒈 𝒙 .
G
𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 −𝟏 = 𝒙+𝟐 Squaring both sides.
N
KA

𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙+𝟐 +𝟏 Solving for 𝒇 𝒙 .

Bloom: Understanding
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 Self-check

EI
(1) The functions 𝒇 and 𝒈 are defined by

IW
𝒇: 𝒙 → 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹
𝒈: 𝒙 → 𝒙 − 𝟒, 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹

O
Find

KO
(a) 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 G
(b) 𝒈 ∙ 𝒇 𝒙
N
KA

Bloom: Applying
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Self-check

EI
𝒙+𝟏

IW
(2) Find the function 𝒈 such that 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 = if
𝒙−𝟏

O
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙+𝟏.

KO
(3) Find the function 𝒇 such that 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟔 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓
G
if 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏 .
N
KA

Bloom: Applying
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Answer Self-check

EI
(1) (a) 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏 (b) 𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟏)

IW
𝟐
(2) 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝟏

O
KO
(3) 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑
G
N
KA

Bloom: Applying
KangKooiWei@KMK
 Summary

EI
IW
Composite Functions

𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒈(𝒙)

O
KO
Determine 𝒇 ∙ 𝒈 or 𝒈∙𝒇 .
G
Determine the function 𝒇 or 𝒈 from a composite
N

function.
KA

KangKooiWei@KMK Bloom: Remembering

EI
• Composite Functions

IW
• Arrow diagram
• Function

O
KO
G
N
KA

KangKooiWei@KMK