6/25/2020 Power Engineering: Busbar size and calculation

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Busbar size and calculation ‫( اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬211) ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌون‬

Busbar

A bus bar (also spelled busbar, buss bar or busbar),

is a strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminum that
conducts electricity within a switchboard, ‫ﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
distribution board, substation, battery bank or other
electrical apparatus. Its main purpose is to conduct
electricity, not to function as a structural member.
Busbars are typically either flat strips or hollow About Me Blog Archive

tubes as these shapes allow heat to dissipate more ► 2020 (1)

efficiently due to their high surface area to cross-
► 2019 (3)
sectional area ratio. A hollow section has higher
stiffness than a solid rod of equivalent current- ► 2018 (9)
carrying capacity, which allows a greater span ► 2017 (5)
between busbar supports in outdoor switch yards. Bhagwan Prasad
► 2016 (3)
A busbar may either be supported on insulators, or Panipat, Haryana,
else insulation may completely surround it. India ► 2015 (26)
Busbars are protected from accidental contact Electrical Engineer ► 2014 (5)
either by a metal earthed enclosure or by elevation having 20 years ▼ 2013 (21)
out of normal reach. Power Neutral busbars may Bus bar experience in Power ► November
also be insulated. Earth (safety grounding) busbars Distribution, Electrical (2)
are typically bare and bolted directly onto any metal chassis of their enclosure. Busbars Maintenance,
▼ October
may be enclosed in a metal housing, in the form of bus duct or busway, segregated-phase Electrical Projects,
(4)
bus, or isolated-phase bus. basic of SAP, Design,
Busbar
Busbars may be connected to each other and to electrical apparatus by bolted, clamp, or estimation and costing
size
welded connections. Often joints between high-current bus sections have matching of power and
surfaces that are silver-plated to reduce the contact resistance. At extra-high voltages distribution,EPC for calcul
indoor ation
(more than 300 kV) in outdoor buses, corona around the connections becomes a source of
substation,street
radio-frequency interference and power loss, so connection fittings designed for these Voltage
lighting, Language drop
voltages are used.
with English, Hindi, calcul
Busbars are typically contained inside switchgear, panel boards, or busway. Distribution ation
Bhojpuri Keen
boards split the electrical supply into separate circuits at one location. Busways, or bus interested in Sharing
in
ducts, are long busbars with a protective cover. Rather than branching the main supply at cable
information/experienc
one location, they allow new circuits to branch off anywhere along the route of the e and help technical Cable
busway. enthusiasts to update curren
Advantages t
themselves on various rating
Following are some advantages of Bus bar trunking system over normal cabling system:- Engineering
1. On-site installation times are reduced compared to hard-wired systems, thus leading to Topics.CONTACT:ami Cable
laying
cost savings. [email protected]
abstra
2. It provides increased flexibility in design and versatility with regard to future View my complete ct
modifications. profile
3. Greater safety and peace of mind for specifiers, contractors and end-users. ► September
(2)
4. Because of the simplicity of busbar, it is easy to estimate costs from the design/estimating
stage through to installation on site. This is because the technical characteristics and price ► August (1)
of each component are always known. ► July (4)
5. It is short sighted to compare the cost of busbar against that of a length of cable — and
► June (3)
not the real cost of a cable installation to include multiple runs of cable, tray and fixing,
let alone the protracted time and effort of pulling cables. ► May (4)
6. Distribution busbar distributes power along its length through tap-off points along the ► April (1)
busbar at typically at 0.5 or 1 m centers. Tap-off units are plugged in along the length of
the busbar to supply a load; this could be a sub distribution board or, in a factory, to ► 2012 (55)
individual machines. Tap-offs can normally be added or removed with busbar live,
eliminating production down time.
7. Installed vertically the same systems can be used for rising-mains applications, with tap-
offs feeding individual floors. Certified fire barriers are available at points where the
busbar passes through a floor slab. Protection devices such as fuses, switchfuses or circuit
breakers are located along the busbar run, reducing the need for large distribution boards
and the large quantities of distribution cables running to and from installed equipment.
8. Very compact so provides space savings.
9. Where aesthetics have to be considered, busbar trunking can be installed with natural
galvanized, aluminium, or painted finish. Special colours to match switchboards or a
specific colour scheme are also available on request.

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10. Busbar trunking has several key advantages over conventional forms of power
distribution including: -
11. (a) Reduced, onsite installation times when compared to hard-wired systems thus leading
to cost savings.
a. Increased flexibility in design and versatility with regard to future
modifications.
b. Increased safety features brought about by the use of high quality,
manufactured components, which provide greater safety and peace of mind
for specifies, contractors and end-users.
12. Uneven distribution of current takes place where multiple runs of cables are used in
parallel.
13. Busbar trunking has tap-off points at regular intervals along each length to allow power to
be taken off and distributed to where it is needed. Because it is fully self-contained it
needs only to be mechanically mounted and electrically connected to be operational.
14. For higher ratings of power distribution we need to have multiple runs of cable. In such
conditions unbalanced distribution of current takes place and causing overheating of some
cable. This is completely avoided in the BTS systems.
15. When multiple runs of cables are used it often leads to improper end connections thereby
causing overheating of contacts, burning of cables ends, and is a major cause of fire. This
is completely avoided in Bus Bar Trunking systems.
Current carrying capacity
The current-carrying capacity of a busbar is usually determined by the maximum
temperature at which the bar is permitted to operate, as defined by national and
international standards such as British Standard BS 159, American Standard ANSI
C37.20, etc. These standards give maximum temperature rises as well as maximum
ambient temperatures.
BS 159 stipulates a maximum temperature rise of 50°C above a 24 hour mean ambient
temperature of up to 35°C, and a peak ambient temperature of 40°C.
ANSI C37.20 alternatively permits a temperature rise of 65°C above a maximum ambient
of 40°C, provided that silver-plated (or acceptable alternative) bolted terminations are
used. If not, a temperature rise of 30°C is allowed.
A very approximate method of estimating the current carrying capacity of a copper busbar
is to assume a current density of 2 A/mm2 (1250 A/in2) in still air. This method should
only be used to estimate a likely size of busbar, the final size being chosen after
consideration has been given to the calculation methods. Refer catalogue of
manufacturers.
The more popular thumb rule being followed in India is to assume current density of 1.0
Amps / Sq.mm for Aluminium and 1.6 Amps for Copper for any standard rectangular
conductor profile.
Standard size of bus bar
Sr. Application Cable busbar
area
1 Number of One circuit per floor. Just one circuit can cover all floors.
circuits Hence for a 20-floor
building, you need 20
circuits.
2 Main Need 1 outgoing for Need only 1 outgoing for each riser.
Switchboard each circuit. Hence 20 Lower cost and size of main panel.
nos. MCCB outgoings.
Higher cost and larger
space requirement in
electrical room
3 Shaft Size Using 4 core cables, Typical size of 1600A riser is 185mm
and considering 1 x 180mm. Leads to big savings on
cable per feeder, you riser shaft size, and hence more
need 20 cables on the usable floor area on every floor.
lowest floor. Large
space required for
cables/ cable tray.
4 Fire & safety The high concentration The volume of insulating materials
of insulating materials used in trunking is reduced to a
used in cables and minimum so combustive energy is
conductors involves a considerably lower than cables. The
very high level of insulating materials used do not
combustive energy. release corrosive or toxic gases in the
event of a fire. Once the source of the
fire is removed, these materials are
extinguished in a few seconds so that
the effect of the fire is minimised
5 Future load on any floor By providing extra tap off slots on
expansion exceeds initial plan, each floor at the design stage, owner
owner has to run an only has to procure a tap off box and
additional cable from a plug it in wherever additional load is
spare feeder on main required. As the plug in can be done
board to that floor. live, there is no shut down required
for any of the existing clients /
circuits. Future Flexibility.
6 Fault Limited by conductor Much higher – typically a 1600 A
withstand size of each circuit. riser has a fault withstand capability
levels of 60 to 70 kA. Safer in an electrical
fault.
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7 Installation Much longer Each riser on a 20-floor building can

time be installed in approximately 2 to 3
days.
8 Voltage drop High impedance if you Much lower impedance. Hence
choose cable size substantially lower voltage drop.
based on each floor
current rating.

Busbars Reduce System Costs

A laminated busbar will lower manufacturing costs by decreasing assembly time as well
as internal material handling costs. Various conductors are terminated at customer
specified locations to eliminate the guesswork usually associated with assembly operating
procedures. A reduced parts count will reduce ordering, material handling and inventory
costs.
Bus bars Improve Reliability
Laminated bus bars can help your organization build quality into processes. The
reduction of wiring errors results in fewer reworks, lower service costs and lower quality
costs.
Bus bars Increase Capacitance
Increased capacitance results in decreasing characteristic impedance. This will ultimately
lead to greater effective signal suppression and noise elimination. Keeping the dielectrics
thin and using dielectrics with a high relative K factor will increase capacitance.
Eliminate Wiring Errors
By replacing a standard cable harnesses with bus bars, the possibility for miss-wirings is
eliminated. Wiring harnesses have high failure rates relative to bus bars, which have
virtually none. These problems are very costly to repair. Adding bus bars to your systems
is effective insurance.
Bus bars Lower Inductance
Any conductor carrying current will develop an electromagnetic field. The use of thin
parallel conductors with a thin dielectric laminated together minimizes the effect of
inductance on electrical circuits. Magnetic flux cancellation is maximized when opposing
potentials are laminated together. Laminated bus bars have been designed to reduce the
proximity effect in many semiconductor applications as well as applications that involve
high electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Bus bars Lower Impedance
Increasing the capacitance and reducing the inductance is a determining factor in
eliminating noise. Keeping the dielectric thickness to a minimum will accomplish the
highly desired low impedance.
Bus bars Provide Denser Packaging
The use of wide, thin conductors laminated together led to decreased space requirements.
Laminated bus bars have helped decrease total system size and cost.
Bus bars Provide Wider Variety of Interconnection Methods
The flexibility of bus bars has allowed an unlimited number of interconnection styles to
choose from. Bushings, embossments, and fasten tabs are most commonly used.
Bus bars Improve Thermal Characteristics
The wide, thin conductors are favourable to allowing better airflow in systems. As
package sizes decrease, the cost of removing heat from systems has greatly increased. A
bus bar cannot only reduce the overall size required, but it can also improve airflow with
its sleek design.
Material: The copper will be of ETP grade as per DIN 13601-2002 and with oxygen free
copper.
Chemical composition: Purity of copper will be as per DIN EN 13601:2002. Copper +
Silver 99.90% min.
Typical example
Rating Current: 3200Amp.
System:415Vac, TPN, 50Hz.
Fault Level: 50KA. For 1 Sec.
Operation Temp:40° C rise over 45 ° C ambient.

CONSIDERATION
Enclosure size: 1400 mm. wide X 400mm. height
Bus bar Size: 2:200x10 per Ph., 1:200x10 for Neutral.
Bus bar material: Electrolytic gr. Al. (IS 63401/AA6101)

Short Circuit Rating

-upto 400A rated current: 25KA for 1 sec.
-600 to 1000A rated current: 50KA for 1 sec.
-1250 to 2000A rated current: 65-100KA for 1 sec.
-2500 to 5000A rated current: 100-225KA for 1 sec.

The minimum cross section needed in sqmm for busbar in various common cases can be
listed as below-

Material Fault level Withstand time

(KA)
1 sec. 200 msec. 40 ms. 10 ms.
35 443 198 89 44
Aluminium 50 633 283 127 63
65 823 368 165 82

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35 285 127 57 28
Copper 50 407 182 81 41
65 528 236 106 53

Let us select a busbar with an example:

1) Aluminium busbar for 2000A, 35 kA for 1 sec withstand – From the table the
minimum cross-section needed would be 443 mm2. Thus we can select a 100mm x 5mm
busbar as the minimum cross-section. Considering a current density of 1A/ mm2 by
considering temperature as well as skin effect, we shall require 4 x 100mm x 5mm
busbars for this case.

2) Copper busbar for 2000A, 35 kA for 1 sec withstand – From the table the minimum
cross-section needed would be 285 mm2. Thus we can select a 60mm x 5mm busbar as
the minimum cross-section. Considering a current density of 1.6A/ mm2 by considering
temperature as well as skin effect, we shall require 4 x 60mm x 5mm busbars for this case.

Thus, by using the above formula and table, we can easily select busbars for our
switchboards.
Size in Area Weight/ current carrying capacity in amp ( copper ) at 35 deg.C
mm sqmm km AC ( no. of bus) DC ( no. of bus)
I II III II II I II III II II
12X2 24 0.209 110 200 115 205
15X2 30 0.262 140 200 145 245
15X3 75 0.396 170 300 175 305
20X2 40 0.351 185 315 190 325
20X3 60 0.529 220 380 225 390
20X5 100 0.882 295 500 300 510
25X3 75 0.663 270 460 275 470
25X5 125 1.11 350 600 355 610
30X3 90 0.796 315 540 320 560
30X5 150 1.33 400 700 410 720
40X3 120 1.06 420 710 430 740
40X5 200 1.77 520 900 530 930
40X10 400 3.55 760 1350 1850 2500 770 1400 2000
50X5 250 2.22 630 1100 1650 2100 650 1150 1750
50X10 500 4.44 920 1600 2250 3000 960 1700 2500
60X5 300 2.66 760 1250 1760 2400 780 1300 1900 2500
60X10 600 5.33 1060 1900 2600 3500 1100 2000 2800 3600
80X5 400 3.55 970 1700 2300 3000 1000 1800 2500 3200
80X10 800 7.11 1380 2300 3100 4200 1450 2600 3700 4800
100X5 500 4.44 1200 2050 2850 3500 1250 2250 3150 4050
100X1 1000 8.89 1700 2800 3650 5000 1800 3200 4500 5800
0
120X1 1200 10.7 2000 3100 4100 5700 2150 3700 5200 6700
0
160X1 1600 14.2 2500 3900 5300 7300 2800 4800 6900 9000
0
200X1 2000 17.8 3000 4750 6350 8800 3400 6000 8500 10000
0

Temperature rise

During the short circuiting, the bus bar should be able to withstand the thermal as well as
mechanical stress. When a sort circuiting takes place, the temperature rise is directly
proportional to the squire of the rms value of the fault current. The duration of short
circuiting is very small i.e. one second till the breakers opens and clears the fault. The heat
dissipation through convection and radiation during this short duration is negligible and
all the heat is observed by the busbar itself. The temperature rise due to the fault can be
calculated by applying the formulae.

T = K (I/A) 2 (1+αθ) 10-2

T=temperature rise per second
A= conductor cross section area
α = temperature coefficient of resistivity at 20 deg.C/deg.C
= 0 .00393 for copper
= 0 .00386 for aluminium
K = constant
=0.52 for copper
=1.166 for aluminium
θ = temperature of the conductor at the instant at which the temperature rise is being
calculated.

Typical calculation

Rated current = 1000A

Fault current = 50KA for 1 sec
Permissible temperature rise= 40 deg.C
Busbar material =aluminium ally E91E
De-rating factor due to material =1
De-rating factor due to temperature rise =0.86
De-rating factor due to enclosure =0.75

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Total de-rating factor = 1x0.75x0.86=0.66

Minimum cross section area required to withstand short circuit for 1 sec.

= (Ifc x√t )/0.08

Where, Ifc = fault level current in KA
t= 1 second

Area A = (50x√1 )/0.08 = 625 sqmm

Considering all de-rating factor, A = 625/0.66 =946.97
Say, cross sectional area per phase = 1000 sqmm
For neutral, cross sectional area per phase = 500 sqmm

for more study -refer a practical guide to cable installation and tool box talk
In India -

Available with book shop and -

http://www.amazon.in
http://www.abebooks.com
www.discoverypublishinggroup.com

Price: Rs. 375/- excluding delivery charges

Posted by Bhagwan Prasad at 18:52

38 comments:
Unknown 8 March 2014 at 01:15

main switchboards
is a specialist Switchboard Manufacturing company incorporated in 1973.We have
established a leading reputation for the design and delivery of high quality,cost effective
switchboard.

Reply

Unknown 12 March 2014 at 02:55

I would like to recommended your blog. You can also refer to us 11KV Busduct see this for
more information.

Reply

Bhagwan Prasad 19 April 2014 at 07:39

Reader can see more information on

http://www.sanjaytechnical.in/11kv-bus-duct/11kv-bus-duct.html

Reply

Replies

Unknown 16 August 2014 at 00:35

How to select BUS BAR for chiller control panel when chiller takes 352
AMPS,400V, 50KA

Anonymous 23 December 2017 at 01:37

40 X 6 MM COPPER BUSBAR CAN HOLD 50KA FOR 0.25 SEC WITH
RUNNING BUSBAR CAPACITY OF 415 AMPS

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6/25/2020 Power Engineering: Busbar size and calculation

Reply

Unknown 16 December 2014 at 02:26

Under Typical Calculation,How do you have taken 0.08 value,please confirm?

Reply

Unknown 28 September 2015 at 07:07

nice one. great info

Reply

Unknown 2 December 2015 at 23:24

How to calculate bus bar current

Reply

Replies

Anonymous 23 December 2017 at 01:31

IF BUSBAR IS OF 40X6 MM
SO 40X6=240
CONDUCTIVITY OF COPPER=1.6 A/MM2
CONDUCTIVITY OF ALUMMINIUM=0.8 A/MM2

SO IF COPPER BUSBAR = 240 X 1.6 =384 AMPERE

ALUMINIUM BUSBAR= 240 X 0.8=192 AMPERE

Reply

Unknown 2 December 2015 at 23:25

How to calculate bus bar current

Reply

মাসুম 26 May 2016 at 23:58

I want to clearly which product make cross sectional area. Please clear me.

Reply

prabhas 27 June 2016 at 01:20

Calculate your BMI by using our Body mass index Calculator for adults & children.
Calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. Weight
Calculator

Reply

Unknown 24 January 2017 at 20:23

which bus bar is better? Having current density 1.2 or 1.6

Reply

Replies

Anonymous 23 December 2017 at 01:33

SURELY 1.6, SO CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH MM2 OF BUSBAR IS MORE

Reply

Unknown 8 February 2017 at 04:16

Calculate your BMI by using our Body mass index Calculator for adults & children.
Calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. Weight
Calculator

Reply

M P Jain Tubing Solutions LLP 25 February 2017 at 03:28

nice post on welded fittings can u write blog on shims

Reply

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6/25/2020 Power Engineering: Busbar size and calculation

Unknown 6 May 2017 at 01:06

This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

Reply

Unknown 19 October 2017 at 20:42

nice articale

Reply

Unknown 30 October 2017 at 00:06

As per my requirement, I am searching Bus Bar Cross Section (Thickness & Width) for 3A,
5A, 10A, 30A, 40A, 100A, 250A Current rating.

----------------------------------------
Thanks With Best Regards,
| Ankur Afre. | Mob. No : 91 - 9421511797 | Desk No : 91-2066209365
| Mail. : [email protected] |

Reply

robinjack 29 April 2018 at 13:03

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Unknown 30 May 2018 at 00:35

if i have a load 500 kva and 800 kva both have feed from (far 50m and 150m from panel
resp.)transformer panel, how can calculate the specified bus duct (only one bus duct for
both),also can we devide main bus duct into two branches with two different rates for two
loads?

Reply

Unknown 27 June 2018 at 23:03

= (Ifc x√t )/0.08

what is 0.08? how did u calculated it ? please explain

Reply

Unknown 19 October 2018 at 02:31

what is the current of 25x3mm copper bus bar

Reply

Replies

Anonymous 22 July 2019 at 01:55

~116.25

Reply

PinnacleGenerators 8 February 2019 at 01:29

wow really superb you had posted one nice information through this. Definitely it will be
useful for many people. So please keep update like this.
generators

Reply

pratik 22 April 2019 at 21:33

i design the panel and current rating is 400amp so which size of busbar i used

Reply

Replies

Anonymous 22 July 2019 at 02:00

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6/25/2020 Power Engineering: Busbar size and calculation

Use this calculation for selection of busbar

Ampacity=Width*Thk*1.55

So in your case 40*8*1.55=496 Amp

or 35*8*1.55= 434 Amp

Reply

Ashfaq 17 June 2019 at 03:29

if we have 3*450 MVA and 1*750 MVA transformer for 500 kv Subsation with one and half
breaker scheme what should be the rating of the bus bars
Reply

Paraflex 20 July 2019 at 00:17

Great blog ! I really like your blog. Your blog is very informative. Thanks for sharing such a
useful blog. Paraflex is leading Best Top Aluminium Wire Manufacturers in India in India,
certified by BIS, ISO, NSIC, SSI. We provide you housing wire, industrial wire , aluminium
cable, cctv cable etc. of best quality and all cables are available at the best price.

Reply

V Mevada 22 August 2019 at 09:30

I want design a panel for 3200ampere current on incomer so how should i decide my busbar
size for aluminium as wess as copper?

Reply

Bhagwan Prasad 22 August 2019 at 17:27

Generally we are using cable aluminium. Aluminium is available everywhere. you can select
from chart. from chart 80 X 10 x4 nos. bus may be sufficient for your requirement but
consider other parameter like temperature, safety factor etc

Reply

laya 23 September 2019 at 00:03

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ms plate price in Chennai will offer you an affordable price.

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servomaxltd 24 February 2020 at 02:31

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Unknown 3 May 2020 at 03:05

I want design a panel for 18000A current on main-bus copper so how should i decide my
bus-bar size and no of run (we Required maximum no of Run 4)?
and Outgoing 6300A (we Required maximum no of Run 2). bus bar Copper.

Reply
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6/25/2020 Power Engineering: Busbar size and calculation

Bhagwan Prasad 10 May 2020 at 03:57

you can see more detail in book" A practical guide to cable installation and tool box talk"'

Reply

kiran 20 May 2020 at 11:27

Hello Sir,
I want to select busbar for HT panel . Calculated regular load 800 Amp.
Supply voltage 11000v.
So which busbar is suitable for the this HT panel i.e. Al. Or Cu.

And how , what calculation are considered and also consider the fault current if fault occurs
at site.

Sir please reply with all calculations and consideration means it will clear to me to explain

Sir You can also mail me on

[email protected]

Reply

Unknown 9 June 2020 at 22:07

The article above provides a tabulation for selection of different busbar sizes for
switchboard. The heading on the table states "current carrying capacity in amp ( copper ) at
35 deg.C". Can you please clarify if the specified 35 deg.C is the ambient temperature value
or the temperature rise of the busbar? If the 35 deg C is the temperature rise value, then
what is the ambient temperature that is applicable for the values given in the tabulation?
Also what would be the applicable derating factors for different temperature rise values?
Your feedback is greatly appreciated. Thank you. Hardeep Singh. [email protected]

Reply

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