Archimedean Solids Analytic Geometry Ellipse Hyperbola

- the only 13 polyhedra that are - the locus of point that moves such - the locus of point that moves such
convex, have identical vertices, and Slope-intercept form: Distance from a point to another point: that the sum of its distances from that the difference of its distances
their faces are regular polygons. y = mx + b d = √(y2 − y1 )2 + (x2 − x1 )2 two fixed points called the foci is from two fixed points called the foci
constant. is constant.
Nn Nn Point-slope form:
E= V= Distance from a point to a line: General Equation: General Equation:
2 v y − y1
where: s m= |Ax + By + C| Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Ax 2 − Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
E → # of edges x − x1 d=
V → # of vertices √A2 + B 2 Standard Equation: Standard Equation:
N → # of faces Two-point form: (x − h)2 (y − k)2 (x − h)2 (y − k)2
n → # of sides of each face Distance of two parallel lines: − =1
v → # of faces meeting at a vertex y2 − y1 y − y2 a2
+
b2
=1
a2 b2
= |C1 − C2 |
x 2 − x1 x − x 2 d= (x − h)2 (y − k)2 (y − k)2 (x − h)2
Conic Sections
Point-slope form:
√A2 + B 2 b2
+
a2
=1
a2
−
b2
=1
General Equation: x y Angle between two lines:
Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 + =1 m2 − m1
a b tan θ =
Based on discriminant: 1 + m1 m2
B 2 − 4AC = 0 ∴ parabola
B 2 − 4AC < 0 ∴ ellipse Parabola
B 2 − 4AC > 0 ∴ hyperbola - the locus of point that moves such that it is always equidistant from a
fixed point (focus) and a fixed line (directrix).
Based on eccentricity, e=f/d: Elements: Elements:
General Equation: Elements:
𝑒 = 0 ∴ circle 2 Eccentricity, e: Loc. of directrix, d:
Location of foci, c: Same as ellipse:
Length of LR,
𝑒 = 1 ∴ parabola y + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Location of foci, c: a c 2 = a2 + b2 Loc. of directrix, d
df
𝑒 < 1 ∴ ellipse x 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 e=
dd
=1 c 2 = a2 − b2 d= Eq’n of asymptote:
Eccentricity, e
e y − k = ±m(x − h)
𝑒 > 1 ∴ hyperbola Standard Equation: Length of LR:
Length of latus Eccentricity, e: where:
2
(x − h) = ±4a(y − k) rectum, LR: 2b2 c m is (+) for upward asymptote;

LR = 4a LR = e= m is (-) for downward

Circle (y − k)2 = ±4a(x − h) a a m = b/a if the transverse axis is horizontal;

m = a/b if the transverse axis is vertical
- the locus of point that moves such
that its distance from a fixed point 1 revolution
called the center is constant. Engineering Economy
= 2π rad Unit Circle
General Equation: = 360˚  Simple Interest:
Versed sine:
x 2 + y 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 I = P𝑖n where:
= 400 grads vers A = 1 − cos A F → future worth
Standard Equation: = 6400 mills Versed cosine: F = P(1 + 𝑖n) P → principal or present worth
i → interest rate per interest period
(x − h) + (y − k)2 = r 2
2
covers A = 1 − sin A r → nominal interest rate
 Compound Interest:
Tetrahedron n → no. of interest periods
Half versed sine: F = P(1 + 𝑖)n m → no. of interest period per year
Line Tangent to Conic Section 1 − cos A t → no. of years
hav A = r mt ER → effective rate
To find the equation of a line 2 2 F = P (1 + )
tangent to a conic section at a H = a√ Exsecant:
m
given point P(x1, y1):
3 I r m
exsec A = sec A − 1 ER = = (1 − ) − 1
In the equation of the conic 2 P m
equation, replace:
SA = a √3
 Inflation:  Rate of return:  Continuous Compounding Interest:
𝑥 2 → 𝑥𝑥1 √2 3 𝑖f = 𝑖 + f + 𝑖f annual net profit F = Pe rt
V=a RR =
𝑦 2 → 𝑦𝑦1 12 capital
ER = er − 1
 Break-even analysis: Annual net profit
𝑥 + 𝑥1 = savings – expenses

𝑥→ cost = revenue – depreciation (sinking fund)

1
 Annuity:
2 RP = ′
𝑦 + 𝑦1 RR (1 + 𝑖)n − 1 where:

𝑦→ F = A[ ] F → future worth
2 𝑖 P → principal or present worth
Depreciation A → periodic payment
𝑥𝑦1 + 𝑦𝑥1 (1 + 𝑖)n − 1
′
i → interest rate per payment
𝑥𝑦 → BVm = FC − Dm P = A[ ] n → no. of interest periods
2 𝑖(1 + 𝑖)n n’ → no. of payments

 Straight-Line: CALTECH:
Differential Calculus FC − SV Mode 3 2  Perpetuity:
x y
d= (time) (BV) A
Curvature: Radius of curvature: n P= = F(1 + 𝑖)−n
0 FC
y" 3
Dm = d(m) n SV 𝑖 where:
k= 3
[1 + (y′)2 ]2 C → capitalized cost
ρ=  Capitalized Cost: FC → first cost
[1 + (y′)2 ]2 𝑦"  Sinking Fund: where: OM → annual operation
FC → first cost OM RC − SV or maintenance cost
Maxima & Minima (Critical Points): (1 + i)n − 1 −1 SV → salvage cost C = FC + + RC → replacement cost
d = (FC − SV) [ ] d → depreciation 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)n − 1 SV → salvage cost
𝑑𝑦 𝑖 per year
AC → annual cost
= y′ = 0 (+) minima m
(1 + i) − 1
n → economic life
m → any year before n
AC = C ∙ 𝑖
𝑑𝑥 (-) maxima Dm = d [ ] BVm → book value (RC − SV)𝑖
𝑖 after m years
AC = FC ∙ 𝑖 + OM +
Point of inflection: Dm → total depreciation
(1 + i)n − 1
 Sum-of-the-Years-Digit (SYD):
𝑑2 𝑦 n−m+1
= y" = 0 dm = (FC − SV) [ ] CALTECH:  Single-payment-compound-amount factor:
𝑑𝑥 2 ∑ years Mode 3 3
(F/P, 𝑖, n) = (1 + 𝑖)n
x y
(time) (BV)
∑nn−m+1 x 0 FC  Single-payment-present-worth factor:
Integral Calculus-The Cardioid Dm = (FC − SV) [ ] n SV −n
∑n1 x n+1 SV
(P/F, 𝑖, n) = (1 + 𝑖)
A = 1.5πa2  Equal-payment-series-compound-amount factor:
 Declining Balance (Matheson): ′
P = 8a BVm = FC(1 − k)m CALTECH: (1 + 𝑖)n − 1
Mode 3 6 (F/A, 𝑖, n) = [ ]
r = a(1 − sin θ) r = a(1 − cos θ) SV = FC(1 − k)n k → obtained x y 𝑖
(time) (BV)
r = a(1 + sin θ) r = a(1 + cos θ) Dm = FC − BVm 0 FC  Equal-payment-sinking-fund factor:
n SV ′ −1
 Double Declining Balance:
(1 + 𝑖)n − 1
(A/F, 𝑖, n) = [ ]
BVm = FC(1 − k)m 𝑖
k = 2/n k → obtained  Equal-payment-series-present-worth factor:
′
Dm = FC − BVm (1 + 𝑖)n − 1
where: (P/A, 𝑖, n) = [ ]
FC → first cost 𝑖(1 + 𝑖)n
 Service Output Method: SV → salvage cost
FC − SV d → depreciation per year  Equal-payment-series-capital-recovery factor:
Qn → qty produced during
d= ′ −1
Qn economic life
Qm → qty produced during
(1 + 𝑖)n − 1
up to m year
(A/P, 𝑖, n) = [ ]
D = dQ m Dm → total depreciation
𝑖(1 + 𝑖)n