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    Shenime FARMA

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    Gent'
    1. Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy and childbirth. 2. Takifilaksia refers to a sudden, unexpected decrease in response to a drug after administration, meaning a rapid onset and short duration of drug tolerance. This can occur after an initial dose or series of small doses, and increasing the drug dose may restore the original response. Examples include ephedrine, opioids, and beta-2 agonists. 3. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, combining pharmacology and genomics to develop effective, safe medications and doses tailored to a person's

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    Shenime FARMA

    Uploaded by

    Gent'
    37 views2 pages
    1. Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy and childbirth. 2. Takifilaksia refers to a sudden, unexpected decrease in response to a drug after administration, meaning a rapid onset and short duration of drug tolerance. This can occur after an initial dose or series of small doses, and increasing the drug dose may restore the original response. Examples include ephedrine, opioids, and beta-2 agonists. 3. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, combining pharmacology and genomics to develop effective, safe medications and doses tailored to a person's

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    1. Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy and childbirth. 2. Takifilaksia refers to a sudden, unexpected decrease in response to a drug after administration, meaning a rapid onset and short duration of drug tolerance. This can occur after an initial dose or series of small doses, and increasing the drug dose may restore the original response. Examples include ephedrine, opioids, and beta-2 agonists. 3. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, combining pharmacology and genomics to develop effective, safe medications and doses tailored to a person's

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views2 pages

    Shenime FARMA

    Uploaded by

    Gent'
    1. Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy and childbirth. 2. Takifilaksia refers to a sudden, unexpected decrease in response to a drug after administration, meaning a rapid onset and short duration of drug tolerance. This can occur after an initial dose or series of small doses, and increasing the drug dose may restore the original response. Examples include ephedrine, opioids, and beta-2 agonists. 3. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, combining pharmacology and genomics to develop effective, safe medications and doses tailored to a person's

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    1.

    Zidovudine belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase


    inhibitors-NRTIs. Zidovudine is used in pregnant women to prevent passing the HIV
    virus to the unborn baby. This medication is also used in newborns born to mothers
    infected with HIV to prevent infection in the newborns.
    2.Koliti pseudomembranoz- vankomicina dhe metronidazole
    3.edeme cerebrale- manitoli
    4.propranololi- mjekimi I hipertireoze jo hipotireozen.
    5.nitroglic . rrite GMPc

    6.Klomifeni- trajtimi I infertilitetit.

    7. Takifilaksia është një term mjekësor që përshkruan një ulje akute, të papritur të përgjigjes ndaj një
    ilaçi pas administrimit të tij; dmth një fillim i shpejtë dhe afatshkurtër i tolerancës së ilaçeve. Mund të
    ndodhë pas një doze fillestare ose pas një serie dozash të vogla. Rritja e dozës së ilaçit mund të jetë në
    gjendje të rikthejë përgjigjen origjinale. EFEDRINA, OPIODET, B2 Agonistet.

    8.  levofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antimicrobials involves inhibition of bacterial


    topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase (both of which are type II topoisomerases), enzymes
    required for DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination.
    9.niacina inhibon lipolizen dhe krijimin e ac ynd.

    10. Answer - Tolerance occurs when a regular user of a drug gradually becomes less


    responsive to the drug. This can often lead to the person taking larger amounts of
    the drug to achieve the same effect.
    11. Norfloxacin is a quinolone/fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Norfloxacin is bactericidal
    and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding
    itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.
    12.Kolkicina – gihtin, lidhet me tubulinen.
    13. Abciximab is a Fab fragment of the chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody
    7E3. Abciximab binds to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor of human platelets and
    inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand
    factor, and other adhesive molecules.
    14. Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic, the first of the oxazolidinone class, used for the
    treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria including streptococcus and
    methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The drug works by inhibiting the
    initiation of bacterial protein synthesis.

    15.Polipragmazia-përdorimii pajustifikuar dhe i panevojshëm i njëkohshëm i disa


    ilaçeve ose procedurave pa marrë parasysh ndërveprimet e mundshme të
    kombinimeve të tilla, të cilat mund të rezultojnë në efekte anësore të
    rrezikshme.
    16.Beta-lactamase inhibitors are a class of medicine that block the activity of beta-
    lactamase enzymes (also called beta-lactamases), preventing the degradation
    of beta-lactam antibiotics. ... Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are all beta-
    lactamase inhibitors.
    17. Antibiotic prophylaxis is the use of antibiotics before surgery or a dental procedure to
    prevent a bacterial infection. Psh vankomicina, klindamicina.
    18. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. This
    relatively new field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of
    genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored
    to a person's genetic makeup.

    19.The inhibition of DHFR by folate antagonists (methotrexate) results in a deficiency in


    the cellular pools of thymidylate and purines and thus in a decrease in nucleic acid
    synthesis. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular
    replication.
    20. Drugs that are administered orally (as opposed to intravenously, intramuscularly,
    sublingually, or transdermally) must first pass from the intestine to the liver before
    reaching the general circulation. Thus, for many drugs, much of the dose is
    reduced by xenobiotic metabolism before reaching the tissues.

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