TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Agument……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Precis……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

I. Need for justice or need for power..............................

II. F.B.I…………………………………………………..

II.1 Most famous cases in history……………………...........

III. You shall know the truth and the truth shall set you free

IV. CIA recruiting scheme…………………………...

3 .Conlusions…………………………………………

4. Appendix…………………………………………….

5.Bibliography…………………………………………
 ARGUMENT

Even since I was a child, I used to watch detectives movies regularly as I found them not
only catchy and adrenaline-challenging, but also full of things that one might use further in his
life. As for the subject of my project, who hasn’t heard about FBI and CIA, the famous
American justice institutions? Personally, I have always been fascinated with what they represent
and I have read a lot about the things they do.

As I grew up, I came to better understand the world around me. It was then when I
realized that mankind is not at all about peace, love and happiness, we are also faced with
terrorism, wars, crime and injustice. This is what both FBI and CIA deal with: they are
America’s most representative and influential justice doers. My first contact with them was, as
for all people, by watching TV. There are plenty of American movies and TV series which give
you an insight into what FBI and CIA do. To put it simply, they take care of the American
citizens, always watching and being ready to interfere when something goes wrong.

In my opinion CIA and FBI are everywhere, their territory is not restricted only to the
territory of the USA. I am more than convinced that they work with other secret services around
the world as well, such as: SRI,CSIS(Canadian Security and Intelligence Service), CNI (National
Intelligence Centre from Spain). One may ask himself whether only one secret service wouldn`t
be enough… Well, even if they have the same goal-that is, defending national security- they deal
with different things: while CIA is more politics-oriented collecting information that is used to
make laws, dealing with the president’s safety and governmental protection, FBI is closer to
police department activity around the country. In short, CIA collects information that is used for
laws and FBI takes care that the laws are applied and respected.

Watching and reading about their activity, about their top-secret missions along decades,
is like an interesting challenge: the more one reads, the more willing to find out more they
become.

Good or bad? I can’t tell. One thing I know for sure though: without control mechanisms
of the kind, mankind will face anarchy in no time.
 PRECIS

FBI and CIA are the most important justice institutions in America. Their work is not
restricted only to the territory of the USA, they are all around the world, seeing everything. They
stay in the shadows, collecting information and acting when it is necessary, knowing much more
things than they let us see. Although they are the most important justice doers, there are a lot of
rumors about their work, about control and manipulation, about the power that they have. When
you come to talk about them, you will inevitably ask yourself the question:” Need for justice or
need for power?” In the first chapter of my project I tried to focus on this issue.

We have to understand that there are some differences between FBI and CIA. In short,
CIA collects information that is used for laws and FBI takes care that the laws are applied and
respected. FBI is the federal investigative service, so they investigate cases and are closer to the
police, while CIA is more politics-oriented, collecting information that is used to make laws,
dealing with the president’s safety and governmental protection. Yet,CIA is not a law
enforcement organization , they only help by collecting information. The second chapter deals
with the beginning and the evolution of FBI and gives us an insight into their daily activity and I
also included a subchapter in which I presented the most famous cases in the history of F.B.I.

Chapter three underlines the work and missions of C.I.A .There is a quote that says:
“You shall know the truth and the truth shall set you free”. Rumors have been that they know
this truth by listening to our phone conversations and even by controlling all the devices that one
uses. Manipulation, overprotection or violation of intimacy? It is up to each of us to decide.
Furthermore, I presented three of their most controversial missions, even though there are much
more.

In the last chapter we can understand that being one of them is not easy. They are very
strict when it comes to choosing their members. They say: “We build and shape our workforce
around the intelligence needs of our nation. We are a diverse team of professionals dedicated to
serving our mission by investing in our people.” To work for them you need to put your work on
the first place and be very dedicated, sometimes your life will be in danger, you will have to
have integrity and a lot of courage, to know how to cooperate and work in a team, doing all of
this by giving the best of you.
 I. Need for justice or need for power?
We talk here about the most two important secret services from America, so I think that
this question is relevant.

FBI and CIA, both deal with the illegal and try to maintain everything under control.
They are justice, but to control the bad things that are happening and do justice, they need to
control everything. They are everywhere. They know almost everything.

By 1908 when FBI was created, until now America has been well protected. The FBI
originated from a force of special agents created by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during
the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. We will talk more about FBI history in the next chapter,
in brief Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States in 1901; four years later, he
appointed Bonaparte to be attorney general. In 1908, Bonaparte applied that Progressive
philosophy to the Department of Justice by creating a corps of special agents. It had neither a
name nor an officially designated leader other than the attorney general. Yet, these former
detectives and Secret Service men were the forerunners of the FBI.

FBI mission : “Our mission is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and
foreign intelligence threats and to enforce the criminal laws of the United States.”

Later, after 39 years, President Truman recognized the need for a postwar, centralized
intelligence organization. To make a fully functional intelligence office, Truman signed the
National Security Act of 1947 establishing the CIA.

The United States has carried out intelligence activities since the days of George
Washington, but only since World War II have they been coordinated on a government-wide
basis. President William J. Donovan Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed New York lawyer and war
hero, William J. Donovan, to become first the Coordinator of Information, and then, after the US
entered World War II, head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1942. The OSS – the
forerunner to the CIA – had a mandate to collect and analyze strategic information. After World
War II, however, the OSS was abolished along with many other war agencies and its functions
were transferred to the State and War Departments.
 CIA Mission: “Preempt threats and further US national security objectives by collecting
intelligence that matters, producing objective all-source analysis, conducting effective covert
action as directed by the President, and safeguarding the secrets that help keep our Nation safe.”

So, at it seems CIA and FBI were created from a need of justice. But, if they can spy and
have access to a lot of information, they had the control, and who has the information and the
control has the power.

Even if people want to admit it or not, the Intelligence of the American Justice is more
powerful than they let us to see. Not to mention that, their actions are not restricts only to the
territory of USA, they are all over the world. Maybe they are watching me right now how I make
my project about them work. I find it very interesting, in particular them methods of spying and
collecting information. For example The Gold Operation, held in 1953 in East Berlin by CIA in
collaboration with British Intelligence MI6, target interception of telephone connections Soviet
action. It was necessary to build a tunnel of 450 meters to reach the point of connection of the
telephone cable. Or the operation “Acoustic Kitty”, most people wouldn’t think that an ordinary
domestic cat could be a master of espionage. In the 60s of last century, the Agency has invested
no less than $ 20 million in this secret project for using cats as a means of recording the
conversations between people watched. Cats were "specially trained" and equipped with
microphones and antennas surgically implanted in the ears or tails! Cats were released around
the USSR Embassy in Washington, CIA officials counting on the idea that they will be adopted
by Soviet officials and thus their discussions will be heard. The plan was implemented, but the
first "cat spy" was trashed by a taxi before making any registration and operation had canceled
shortly after that, because several witnesses had seen the accident and what the “bionic cat” had
in the body.

Thinking that technology is very advanced nowadays, The Secret Services have improved
them methods, so that people do not know where they are or what they do. But for sure, they are
all over and see everything, having the power.
 II. F.B.I

Today, most Americans take for granted that the country needs a federal investigative
service, but in 1908 the establishment of this kind of agency at a national level was highly
controversial.

At that time, the president of America was Theodore Roosevelt. A federal investigative
force consisting of well-disciplined experts and designed to fight corruption and crime fit
Roosevelt's Progressive scheme of government. Attorney General Bonaparte shared his
president's Progressive philosophy. However, the Department of Justice under Bonaparte had no
investigators of its own, except for a few special agents who carried out specific assignments for
the attorney general, and a force of examiners who reviewed the financial transactions of the
federal courts. Since its beginning in 1870, the Department of Justice used funds appropriated to
investigate federal crimes to hire private detectives first and later investigators from other federal
agencies.

The following month, Attorney General Bonaparte appointed a force of special agents
within the Department of Justice. Accordingly, 10 former Secret Service employees and a
number of Department of Justice peonage investigators became special agents of the Department
of Justice. On July 26, 1908, Bonaparte ordered them to report to Chief Examiner Stanley W.
Finch. This action is celebrated as the beginning of the FBI.

Both Attorney General Bonaparte and President Theodore Roosevelt, who completed
their terms in March 1909, recommended that the force of 34 agents become a permanent part of
the Department of Justice. Attorney General George Wickersham, Bonaparte's successor, named
the force The Bureau of Investigation on March 16, 1909.

When the Bureau was established, there were few federal crimes. The Bureau of
Investigation primarily investigated violations of laws involving national banking, bankruptcy,
naturalization, antitrust, peonage, and land fraud.

Over the next few years, the number of special agents grew to more than 300, and these
individuals were complemented by another 300 support employees. Field offices existed from
the Bureau's inception. Each field operation was controlled by a special agent in charge who was
responsible to Washington. Most field offices were located in major cities.
 With the April 1917 entry of the U.S. into World War I during Woodrow Wilson's
administration, the Bureau's work was increased again. As a result of the war, the Bureau
acquired responsibility for the Espionage, Selective Service, and Sabotage Acts and assisted the
Department of Labor by investigating enemy aliens. During these years, special agents with
general investigative experience and facility in certain languages augmented the Bureau.

By the end of the decade, the Bureau had field offices in 42 cities and employed 654
special agents and 1,141 support employees.

During the early and mid-1930s, several crucial decisions solidified the Bureau's position
as the nation's premier law enforcement agency.

The Bureau of Investigation was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation on
July 1, 1932. Then, on the beginning of July 1933, the Department of Justice experimented for
almost two years with a Division of Investigation that included the Bureau of Prohibition. Public
confusion between Bureau of Investigation special agents and Prohibition agents led to a
permanent name change in 1935 for the agency composed of Department of Justice's
investigators: the Federal Bureau of Investigation was thus born.

The Bureau established its Technical Laboratory in 1932.

In 1935, the FBI National Academy was established to train police officers in modern
investigative methods, since at that time only a few states and localities provided formal training
to their peace officers.

The legal tools given to the FBI by Congress, as well as Bureau initiatives to upgrade its
own professionalism and that of law enforcement, resulted in the arrest or demise of all the major
gangsters by 1936. By that time, however, fascism in Adolph Hitler's Germany and Benito
Mussolini's Italy, and Communism in Josef Stalin's Soviet Union, threatened American
democratic principles. With war on the horizon, a new set of challenges faced the FBI.

The FBI was alert to these fascist and communist groups as threats to American security
during the War. With the actual outbreak of war in 1939, the responsibilities of the FBI
escalated. Subversion, sabotage, and espionage became major concerns. The FBI also
participated in intelligence collection. Also, before U.S. entry into the War, the FBI uncovered
another major espionage ring. This group, the Frederick Duquesne spy ring, was the largest one
discovered up to that time.
 Since 1917, the FBI and its predecessor agencies had investigated suspected acts of
espionage and sabotage. In 1939 and again in 1943, Presidential directives had authorized the
FBI to carry out investigations of threats to national security.

The FBI's role in fighting crime also expanded in the postwar period through its
assistance to state and local law enforcement and through increased jurisdictional responsibility.
On March 14, 1950, the FBI began its "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list to increase law
enforcement's ability to capture dangerous fugitives. Advances in forensic science and technical
development enabled the FBI to devote a significant proportion of its resources to assisting state
and local law enforcement agencies.

By the end of the 1960s, the Bureau employed 6,703 special agents and 9,320 support
personnel in 58 field offices and 12 legal attaché offices.

A national tragedy produced another expansion of FBI jurisdiction. When President

Kennedy was assassinated, the crime was a local homicide; no federal law addressed the murder
of a president. Nevertheless, President Lyndon B. Johnson tasked the Bureau with conducting
the investigation. Congress then passed a new law to ensure that any such act in the future would
be a federal crime.

In July 9 1973 Clarence Kelley become the second Director of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation. Kelley, who was Kansas City Police Chief when he received the appointment, had
been an FBI agent from 1940 to 1961.

In 1978, Director Kelley resigned and was replaced by former federal Judge William H.
Webster. In 1982, following an explosion of terrorist incidents worldwide, Webster made
counterterrorism a fourth national priority. He also expanded FBI efforts in the three others:
foreign counterintelligence, organized crime, and white-collar crime. Part of this expansion was
the creation of the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. The FBI solved so many
espionage cases during the mid-1980s that the press dubbed 1985 "the year of the spy."

Perhaps as a result of the Bureau's emphasis on combatting terrorism, such acts within the
United States decreased dramatically during the 1980s. In 1986, Congress had expanded FBI
jurisdiction to cover terrorist acts against U.S. citizens outside the U.S. boundaries. Later, in
1989, the Department of Justice authorized the FBI to arrest terrorists, drug traffickers, and other
fugitives abroad without the consent of the foreign country in which they resided.

On May 26, 1987, Judge Webster left the FBI to become Director of the Central
Intelligence Agency. On November 2, 1987, former federal Judge William Steele Sessions was
sworn in as FBI Director and he had remain until 1993, when on 1 September, Louis J. Freeh
was sworn in as Director of the FBI. Director Freeh began his tenure with a clearly articulated
agenda to respond to deepening and evolving crime problems both at home and abroad.
Subsequently, the Bureau sharpened joint efforts against organized crime, drug-trafficking, and
terrorism, and it expanded standardized training of international police in investigative processes,
ethics, leadership, and professionalism, including in April 1995, the opening of the first
International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) in Budapest, Hungary. The Bureau also
expanded its international presence by opening 21 new legal attaché offices overseas.

As computers and access to the Internet became commonplace in homes across the U.S.,
the FBI began to put in place measures to address crime in cyberspace. The FBI has also played
a crucial role in the investigation and prevention of computer crimes. In 1998, the FBI's National
Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) was created to monitor the dissemination of computer
viruses, worms, and other malicious programs and to warn government and business computer
users of these dangers. In addition, having begun in the FBI's Baltimore Division in 1995, but
branching out to most FBI field offices, the Bureau's Innocent Images Program has successfully
identified and stopped large numbers of pedophiles who have used the Internet to purvey child
pornography and to lure children into situations where they could be harmed.

The FBI's budget grew by more than $1.27 billion as the Bureau hired 5,029 new agents
and more than 4,000 new support personnel. To prepare the FBI for both domestic and foreign
lawlessness in the 21st century, Director Freeh spearheaded the effort by law enforcement to
ensure its ability to carry out court-authorized electronic surveillance in major investigations
affecting public safety and national security in the face of telecommunications advances.
Director Freeh left the Bureau in June 2001 for a position in the private sector.

On September 4, 2001, former U.S. Attorney Robert S. Mueller, III was sworn in as FBI
Director with a specific mandate to upgrade the Bureau's information technology infrastructure,
to address records management issues, and to enhance FBI foreign counterintelligence analysis
and security.

Director Mueller led the FBI's massive investigative efforts in partnership with all U.S.
law enforcement, the federal government, and allies overseas. On October 26, 2001, President
George W. Bush signed into law the U.S. Patriot Act, which granted new provisions to address
the threat of terrorism, and Director Mueller accordingly accepted on behalf of the Bureau
responsibility for protecting the American people against future terrorist attacks.
 To support the Bureau's change in mission and to meet newly articulated strategic
priorities, Director Mueller called for a reengineering of FBI structure and operations to closely
focus the Bureau on prevention of terrorist attacks, on countering foreign intelligence operations
against the U.S., and on addressing cybercrime-based attacks and other high-technology crimes.
In addition, the Bureau remains dedicated to protecting civil rights, combatting public
corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime. The Bureau has
also strengthened its support to federal, county, municipal, and international law enforcement
partners and has dedicated itself to upgrading its technological infrastructure to successfully
meet each of its priorities.

Heading into the second decade of the new millennium, the FBI stands dedicated to its
core values and ethical standards. Commitment to these values and standards ensures that the
FBI effectively carries out its mission: protect and defend the United States against terrorist and
foreign intelligence threats; uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States; and
provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international
agencies and partners.
 II.1 Most famous cases in history

1. Thomas Holden

Holden had been convicted of robbing a mail train back in the late 1920s. In 1930, he
made an ingenious escape from Leavenworth Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas, and was
sought by the FBI as an escaped federal prisoner. He pushed his luck too far, renewing his
criminal contacts and associating with such notorious mobsters as Alvin Karpis, Verne Miller,
and Frank Nash.

The FBI’s two-year search for him ended on July 7, 1932, when Special Agents and local
police officers surrounded him and a fellow escapee on a golf course. Upon his release from
prison on November 28, 1947, most of the prominent members of the underworld society
Thomas Holden had known were no longer around. For 18 months, Holden led a comparatively
quiet life returning to Chicago where his wife, Lillian, and two sons resided, but after a drinking
party Holden shot them to dead. On June 23, 1951, FBI Agents apprehended Thomas James
Holden near Beaverton, Oregon. The arrest was the result of a series of stories carried by the
International News Service describing the nation’s “Ten Most Wanted Fugitives.” An alert
citizen identified the fugitive from a picture.

2. William Raymond Nesbit

On December 22, 1936, William Raymond Nesbit, together with three other men,
including Harold Baker and his girlfriend, burglarized a wholesale jewelry company at Sioux
City, Iowa. Later that month in order to obtain some dynamite to make nitroglycerin all of the
participants drove to South Dakota. After getting out of the car, three of the men became
involved in a fight. The girlfriend got out of the automobile and attempted to stop the fight. As
she did so, Nesbit struck her on the head with a hammer several times and one of the other men
shot her.

The investigation revealed information concerning the three men, including Nesbit, who
had been responsible for the murder of Baker and for the shooting of Baker’s girlfriend. He was
tried and convicted for murder and received life imprisonment in South Dakota State
Penitentiary.
 Nine years later, Nesbit’s life term was commuted to 20 years. Nesbit, during this term
had become a trustee and eventually was allowed to leave the prison to perform housework,
landscaping, and duties as a chauffeur. On September 4, 1946 when the night check was made,
Nesbit was missing.

In March of 1950, a news article, which carried a picture of Nesbit together with his
description and fugitive status was published in a St. Paul, Minnesota, newspaper as well as in
other newspapers. In this time Nesbit was hiding in a cave in the river bank right there. There
were two young boys that he allowed to have access to his cave occasionally. He was telling
them stories about “his travels”. One of them, read the article and understood that “Ray” is more
than a man cave, he is a criminal. He told the other boy and they telephoned the police and told
them their suspicion.

Just two days after William Raymond Nesbit was placed on the “Top Ten” list, Nesbit
was apprehended by the St. Paul Police due to the ingenuity, intelligence, and courage displayed
by two young boys.

3. James Earl Ray

Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, while standing on a balcony
of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, when a single rifle shot struck him in the neck.
Eric Galt became the FBI’s prime suspect after his prints matched those found at the scene.
Additional investigative efforts determined that Eric Galt was an alias used by James Earl Ray,
one of the FBI’s most memorable “Top Ten Fugitives.”

After the murder of Dr. King, police found that Galt and Ray were the same person,
authorities issued a federal arrest warrant and charged Ray. Additionally, he was charged with
unlawful interstate flight to avoid confinement, following his 1967 escape from prison.

Initially, Ray claimed he did not shoot Dr. King. Ray appeared on the “Ten Most Wanted
Fugitives” list a second time in 1977 when he escaped from the Brushy Mountain State
Penitentiary. Ray and six other inmates used materials from the prison machine shop to assemble
a ladder and climb over the wall of the prison. He was tracked down by bloodhounds and
apprehended 54 hours after escaping.

In December of 1999, a Memphis jury decided Ray did not fire the shot that killed King
and that government agencies were involved in the assassination plot. After a year and a half of
investigation into conspiracy claims, the Department of Justice concluded that it found no
reliable evidence of anyone involved in the assassination or a government-led conspiracy.
 4. Ruth Eisemann-Schier

Ruth Eisemann-Schier may not look like she belonged on the FBI’s “Ten Most Wanted
Fugitives” list, but after she kidnapped a millionaire’s daughter she not only earned her spot on
the list, but became the first woman to do so.

On December 17, 1968, Eisemann-Schier and her ex-con accomplice, Gary Steven Krist,
kidnapped 20-year-old Barbara Mackle from her motel room in Decatur, Georgia. Eisemann-
Schier, disguised herself as a man, and Krist impersonated a policeman to gain entry into the
room.They buried Barbara inside a coffin with ventilation tubes, a fan, and a little food in a
shallow grave in the woods outside of Atlanta. The, they demanded Barbara’s fathe, a wealthy
Florida real estate developer, pay a $500,000 ransom. After Mackle paid the ransom, the money
was recovered by police on a routine patrol who observed a man carrying a large bag.The police
asked the man to stop and identify himself, but instead, the man dropped the money and ran.

Then the Atlanta FBI Office received a telephone call from an anonymous male, believed
to be Krist, claiming he knew of Barbara’s location. The caller said Barbara was in a capsule
buried in the Norcross area and, 80 hours later, a healthy Barbara was discovered after an
extensive effort by FBI Agents to locate the capsule and dig through the red clay with boards,
tire irons, sticks, and bare hands.

A federal arrest warrant was issued in December and Krist and Eisemann-Schier were
charged with the kidnapping. The pair had split after the kidnapping, and Krist was captured in
Florida. Eisemann-Schier had moved to Norman, Oklahoma, and began to blend into the
community. She had applied for a job at the Central State Mental Hospital, which required
applicants to submit fingerprints. A clerk at the Oklahoma State Bureau of Identification saw that
the prints were a positive match to Ruth Eisemann-Schier and contacted authorities. Thus she
was found guilty and sentenced to seven years in prison, but was paroled after serving four years
and deported back to her native country of Honduras.
 III. You shall know the truth and the truth
shall set you free

The CIA is an independent agency responsible for providing national security intelligence
to senior US policymakers. The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency is nominated by the
president with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director manages the operations,
personnel, and budget of the Central Intelligence Agency.

CIA’s primary mission is to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign

intelligence to assist White House, the President and senior US government policymakers in
making decisions relating to national security. This is a very complex process and involves a
variety of steps.

It is important to know that CIA analysts only report the information and do not make
policy recommendations—Pentagon making policy is left to agencies such as the State
Department and Department of Defense. These policymakers use the information that CIA
provides to help them formulate US policy toward other countries. It is also important to know
that CIA is not a law enforcement organization. That is the job of the FBI; however, the CIA and
the FBI cooperate on a number of issues, such as counterintelligence and counterterrorism.
Additionally, the CIA may also engage in covert action at the President’s direction and in
accordance with applicable law..

From 1947 when CIA was established until now, Central Intelligence Agency has done
it’s work with professionalism. They become powerfully day by day.

There was a real agitation when John Naughton revelations show that no electronic
communications device – from hard disks to sim cards – is trustworthy.

His discovery was not some opportunistic smash-and-grab data heist, but a considered,
informed selection of cases where he thought that the National Security Agency was violating
the US constitution and circumventing its laws.

The implication of these latest revelations is stark: the capabilities and ambitions of the
intelligence services mean that no electronic communications device can now be regarded as
trustworthy. It’s not only your mobile phone that might betray you: your hard disk could harbour
a snake in the grass, too.
 Other controversial about CIA are their weird programs such as : Acoustic Kitty,
Operation Mockingbird, Operation Gold, Operation Northwoods, “The Stargate Project” and so
on.

1. Acoustic Kitty- Most people wouldn’t think of the common house cat as being a
potential master of espionage, but the CIA sure did. In the 1960s, American
intelligence is said to have spent over $20 million on “Acoustic Kitty,” a top-secret
project that used cats as recording devices. The project took a group of specially
trained cats and surgically implanted microphones, antennae and batteries into their
tails, and then set them loose near the Russian embassy. The idea was that an
unassuming cat would be able to stride right up to groups of communist officials and
listen in on their conversation, which it could then beam back to agents with its
sophisticated radio equipment. The plan was eventually put into action, but the first
cat sent into the field was supposedly run over by a taxi before it could make a
recording, and operation ‘Acoustic Kitty” was abandoned shortly thereafter.

2. Operation Mockingbird- One of the most ambitious and downright insidious

programs ever launched by the CIA was Operation Mockingbird, a propaganda
project that was implemented in the early 1950s. It was a massive undertaking that
saw as many as 3,000 CIA agents and collaborators attempt to gain some control of
the free press by feeding select groups of reporters information and using newspapers
at home and abroad to filter the kinds of stories that got to the public. At its height,
the program included writers for the New York Times, Newsweek, and Time
Magazine among its ranks, and was said to have a significant influence on as many as
25 major newspapers. The program had a major impact abroad, as well, as it served a
major function in helping to sway public opinion in the run-up to the eventual
overthrowing of Guatemala’s leftist president. Operation Mockingbird continued to
have a major effect on worldwide media throughout the 50s, and it was not until the
60s that a series of reports by investigative journalists brought the program to light.

3. Operation Gold- One of the most audacious intelligence operations of the Cold War
was 1953’s Operation Gold, which was a joint effort between the CIA and the British
MI6 to hack into the phone lines of the Soviet headquarters in East Berlin. This
required the construction of a massive 450-meter long tunnel that would intersect
with an underground telephone junction. Just preparing the tunnel took six months,
and involved a substantial amount of risk and subterfuge. But when it was done, the
CIA proceeded to carefully record as many as 50,000 telephone conversations over
the course of nearly a year. The problem? A mole in British intelligence had tipped
off the KGB about Operation Gold before the tunnel was even completed, and the
Soviets had been feeding fake them information the entire time. In 1956, the Soviets
raided the tunnel and shut it down, and the operation eventually caused a great deal of
controversy for the American and British intelligence communities.
 IV. C.I.A Recruiting scheme
Human Resources reports to the Director of the CIA and oversees all activities necessary
to support and shape the future of the Agency’s workforce. They say: “ We build and shape our
workforce around the intelligence needs of our nation. We are a diverse team of professionals
dedicated to serving our mission by investing in our people.”

The CIA is separated into four basic components. They carry out “the intelligence cycle,”
the process of collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence information to top US
government officials.

1.The National Clandestine Service (NCS) has responsibility for the clandestine
collection of foreign intelligence, primarily human source intelligence.

2.The Directorate of Intelligence (DI) analyzes all-source intelligence and produces

reports, briefings, and papers on key foreign intelligence issues. This information comes from a
variety of sources and methods, including US personnel overseas, agent reports, satellite
photography, foreign media, and sophisticated sensors.

3.The Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T) accesses, collects, and exploits
information to facilitate the execution of the Agency’s mission by applying innovative,
scientific, engineering, and technical solutions to the most critical intelligence problems. The
DS&T incorporates over 50 different disciplines ranging from computer programmers and
engineers to scientists and analysts.

4.The Directorate of Support (DS) provides support that is critical to the Agency's
intelligence mission. The DS delivers a full range of support, including: facilities services,
financial management, medical services, logistics, and the security of Agency personnel,
information, facilities and technology.

Everything is under control as long as the Service has a strong personality to lead. The
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) has several staffs directly subordinate to
him that deal with acquisitions, communications, public affairs, human resources, protocol,
congressional affairs, legal issues, information management and technology, strategic resource
management, and internal oversight.

The officers of the CIA are guided by a professional ethos that is the sum of our abiding
principles, core values, and highest aspirations. This ethos holds us on course as we exercise the
extraordinary influence and authorities with which we have been entrusted to protect the Nation
and advance its interests. CIA’s ethos has many dimensions, including:

Service. We put Nation first, Agency before unit, and mission before self. We take pride
in being agile, responsive, and consequential.

Integrity. We uphold the highest standards of lawful conduct. We are truthful and
forthright, and we provide information and analysis without institutional or political bias. We
maintain the Nation’s trust through accountability and oversight.

Excellence. We bring the best of who we are to everything we do. We are self aware,
reflecting on our performance and learning from it. We strive to give our officers the tools,
experiences, and leadership they need to excel.

Courage. We accomplish difficult, high-stakes, often dangerous tasks. In executing

mission, we carefully manage risk but we do not shy away from it. We value sacrifice and honor
our fallen.

Teamwork. We stand by and behind one another. Collaboration, both internal and
external, underpins our best outcomes. Diversity and inclusion are mission imperatives.

Stewardship. We preserve our ability to obtain secrets by protecting sources and methods
from the moment we enter on duty until our last breath.
 CONCLUSIONS

Writing my project helped me realize a lot of things. Now I understand better not only
how secret services work but also the world around me. I especially came to understand the
secrets behind justice and that the things are not always what they seem to be.

First of all, I understood the need for these two secret services. I asked myself for the
first time “What would this world be without justice?”. The answer comes as one of my
conclusions. Without justice, the Earth would be a chaotic place where everybody could make
absolutely everything. Yes, we would not have laws and rules and we could be completely free
but unfortunately, mankind would not know what to do with this freedom. Not everyone is
willing to be good, not everyone tries to live in love and beauty, there are a lot of people who do
harm, who have no love and compassion, many psychopaths who are happy if they make others
suffer. Justice has the role to stop them.

Secondly, if this world were full of moral people who still have a soul, we wouldn’t need
justice. But considering the world that we are living in, these people from the shadow who
maintain everything under control have an essential role. Without them the world today would
not know what world peace means. Of course, only if criminals from all around the world would
die. Therefore, even if CIA and FBI are controversial institutions because they can manipulate
almost everything, and own the power, they help maintaining the world peace. I understood that
they are listening phone conversations, that they always know where you can be found, that they
know a lot of things that normal people don’t, but with all this, I can go to bed knowing that a
world war will not start tomorrow and that some people are trying to protect us.

To put it simply, throughout years, CIA and FBI faced with a lot of difficult cases. So
another conclusion is that being one of them, I mean working for the CIA or FBI is not easy at
all. It is not like in movies. You need to be very powerful and dedicated to your work. Being a
secret agent you have to learn what sacrifice means. You have to put your nation on the first
place, you have to be a man of integrity and loyalty, having a lot of bravery and sometimes risk
your life. People who work for CIA and FBI have all my respect. I respect their work and as a
final conclusion, I would like to add that I enjoyed a lot writing my project about American
justice doers.
 APPENDIX

Chapter III. Chapter IV.

Chapter II. Chapter II.1

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

"Quick Facts". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 2014-12-17.

"Our Strength Lies in Who We Are". intelligence.gov. Retrieved August 4, 2014.

"Federal Bureau of Investigation – Quick Facts". Federal Bureau of Investigation.

"Today's FBI: Facts & Figures, 2013-2014"

"History of the CIA, CIA official Web site". Cia.gov. Retrieved March 28, 2014.

"CIA Frequently Asked Questions". cia.gov. July 28, 2006. Retrieved July 4, 2008.

Central Intelligence Agency. "Intelligence & Analysis". Retrieved July 1, 2011.