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    Ostraciidae: Ostraciidae Ostraciidae Is A Family of Squared, Bony Fish Belonging To The Order

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    Ostraciidae: Ostraciidae Ostraciidae Is A Family of Squared, Bony Fish Belonging To The Order

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    enzo abraham
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    Ostraciidae

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    20 views3 pages

    Ostraciidae: Ostraciidae Ostraciidae Is A Family of Squared, Bony Fish Belonging To The Order

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    enzo abraham

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Ostraciidae

    Ostraciidae is a family of squared, bony fish belonging to the order


    Tetraodontiformes, closely related to the pufferfishes and filefishes. Ostraciidae
    Fish in the family are known variously as boxfishes, cofferfishes, Temporal range: Eocene–Recent
    cowfishes and trunkfishes. It contains about 23 extant species in 6
    PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K PgN
    extant genera.

    Contents
    Description
    Range
    Toxic defences
    Classification
    Fossil taxa
    Extant taxa
    Lactophrys bicaudalis
    References
    Scientific classification
    Kingdom: Animalia
    Description
    Phylum: Chordata
    Members of this family occur in a variety of different colors, and are Class: Actinopterygii
    notable for the hexagonal or "honeycomb" patterns on their skin.
    They swim in a rowing manner. Their hexagonal plate-like scales Order: Tetraodontiformes
    are fused together into a solid, triangular or box-like carapace, from Family: Ostraciidae
    which the fins, tail, eyes and mouth protrude. Because of these Rafinesque, 1810
    heavy armoured scales, Ostraciidae are limited to slow movements,
    but few other fish are able to eat the adults. Ostraciid boxfish of the Genera
    genus Lactophrys also secrete poisons from their skin into the
    See text.[1]
    surrounding water, further protecting them from predation.[2]
    Although the adults are in general quite square in shape, young
    Ostraciidae are more rounded. The young often exhibit brighter colors than the adults. The scrawled cowfish,
    Acanthostracion quadricornis, can grow up to 50 centimetres (20 in) in length, but is generally smaller at
    higher latitudes.

    Range

    Ostraciids occur in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, generally at middle latitudes, although the common
    or buffalo trunkfish (Lactophrys trigonus) which lives mainly in Florida waters may be found as far north as
    Cape Cod.

    Toxic defences
    The various members of this family are able to secrete cationic surfactants through their skin which can act as a
    chemical defense mechanism.[3] An example of this is pahutoxin, a water-soluble, crystalline chemical toxin
    that is contained in mucus secreted from the skin of Ostracion lentiginosus and other members of the trunkfish
    family when they are under stress.[4] Pahutoxin is a choline chloride ester of 3-acetoxypalmitic acid[5] that
    behaves similarly to steroidal saponins found in echinoderms.[4] When this toxic mucus is released from the
    fish, it quickly dissolves in the environment and negatively affects any fish in the surrounding area. It is
    possible since this toxin resembles certain detergents so closely, that adding these detergents as pollutants to
    seawater has potential to interfere with receptor-mediated processes in marine life.[6]

    Classification
    The author Keiichi Matsuura lists the following genera and species:[1]

    Fossil taxa
    Genus Eolactoria
    Eolactoria sorbinii Tyler 1976 (Lutetian of Monte Bolca,
    Eocene Italy)
    Genus Oligolactoria
    Oligolactoria bubiki Tyler 1980 (Rupelian of Moravia,
    Oligocene Czech Republic) Tetrosomus gibbosus

    Extant taxa
    Acanthostracion
    Lactophrys
    Lactoria
    Ostracion
    Paracanthostracion
    Tetrosomus
    Lactoria fornasini

    References
    1. Matsuura K (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of
    tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on
    progress in the period from 1980 to 2014" (https://doi.org/1
    0.1007%2Fs10228-014-0444-5). Ichthyological Research.
    62 (1): 72–113. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5 (https://do
    i.org/10.1007%2Fs10228-014-0444-5).
    2. Matsuura, K. & Tyler, J.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. &
    Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San
    Lactophrys triqueter
    Diego: Academic Press. pp. 229–230. ISBN 978-0-12-
    547665-2. Cite uses deprecated parameter
    |lastauthoramp= (help)
    3. Abdulhaqq, A.J. & Shier, W.T. (1991): Icthyocrinotoxins and their potential use as shark
    repellents. Journal of Toxicology-Toxin Reviews, 10 (3): 289-320.
    4. Boylan, D.B. & Scheuer, P.J. (1967). "Pahutoxin: a fish poison". Science. 155 (3758): 52–56.
    doi:10.1126/science.155.3758.52 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.155.3758.52). Cite uses
    deprecated parameter |lastauthoramp= (help)
    5. Pubchem. "palmitic acid - C16H32O2 - PubChem" (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/
    summary.cgi?cid=985).
    6. Kalmanzon, E., Aknin-Herrman, R., Rahamim, Y., Carmeli, S., Barenholz, Y. & Zlotkin, E.
    (2001). "Cooperative cocktail in a chemical defence mechanism of a trunkfish". Cellular &
    Molecular Biology Letters. 6 (4): 971–84.

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostraciidae&oldid=970740243"

    This page was last edited on 2 August 2020, at 02:46 (UTC).

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