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    Induction Motor

    Uploaded by

    Senjuti De
    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: * The motor is 3-phase, 50Hz * Number of poles is not given, assume it is 4 * Synchronous speed = 120f/P = 1200 rpm * Actual rotor speed = 960 rpm * Slip = (Synchronous speed - Actual speed)/Synchronous speed = (1200 - 960)/1200 = 0.2 = 20% Therefore, the slip is 20%.

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    Induction Motor

    Uploaded by

    Senjuti De
    47 views4 pages
    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: * The motor is 3-phase, 50Hz * Number of poles is not given, assume it is 4 * Synchronous speed = 120f/P = 1200 rpm * Actual rotor speed = 960 rpm * Slip = (Synchronous speed - Actual speed)/Synchronous speed = (1200 - 960)/1200 = 0.2 = 20% Therefore, the slip is 20%.

    Original Title

    Induction

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    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: * The motor is 3-phase, 50Hz * Number of poles is not given, assume it is 4 * Synchronous speed = 120f/P = 1200 rpm * Actual rotor speed = 960 rpm * Slip = (Synchronous speed - Actual speed)/Synchronous speed = (1200 - 960)/1200 = 0.2 = 20% Therefore, the slip is 20%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    47 views4 pages

    Induction Motor

    Uploaded by

    Senjuti De
    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: * The motor is 3-phase, 50Hz * Number of poles is not given, assume it is 4 * Synchronous speed = 120f/P = 1200 rpm * Actual rotor speed = 960 rpm * Slip = (Synchronous speed - Actual speed)/Synchronous speed = (1200 - 960)/1200 = 0.2 = 20% Therefore, the slip is 20%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Induction motor

    The most common type of AC motor being used throughout the world today is the
    induction motor. Induction motors are more rugged, require very little maintenance and
    are less expensive than equally powered DC machines. Induction motors can be both
    single and three phase. Three phase induction motors are widely used in industrial
    applications.
    Three phase induction motors are of two types, the squirrel cage motor which is very
    popular, and the slip-ring type motor.

    A squirrel cage induction motor.

    To study the principle of operation, firstly the stationary body of the motor, called the
    stator is considered. The stator comprises of the hollow body of stacked laminated steel
    which is the core. This core is placed inside another hollow cast body for mounting.

    Core

    Winding

    Stator core of induction motor.

    In the stator core, three coils are placed at 120 apart, well insulated from each other and
    also from the core to prevent any shock hazard or short circuit.
    Production of the rotating magnetic field

    Let the coils of the core be connected according to the following diagram.

    Winding of the stator.

    Delta connected stator.

    Since this type of connection diagram looks like the letter delta, it is called delta type of
    connection.

    A, b and C are the terminals where three phases of the AC supply are given. Let us
    consider the following sequence of three phase AC where the peaks of each phase are
    120 apart from each other.

    Rotating magnetic field in stator.


    Since the coils are also 120 apart, application of this three phase AC will produce a
    resultant magnetic field that will be different at different time instants. Considering the
    direction of field, it will be continuously rotating in space.

    Construction of the rotor

    Now let us consider the construction of the rotating part, the rotor. Since the squirrel cage
    type is used widely, it will be discussed here.

    Rotor of induction motor.

    The rotor consists of laminated steel cylinder with slots in which aluminium or copper
    conductors are placed. Two heavy aluminium or copper end rings are placed at the two
    ends of the conductors and are welded with the conductors making a complete short
    circuit. This forms a squirrel cage structure and hence the name. No insulations are given
    anywhere in the core as current will flow through the lower resistance aluminium/copper
    path than steel. The rotor is placed inside the stator with air gap as low as possible. Shaft
    from this rotor comes out through the motor housing through bearings for driving the
    machines.

    Principle of rotation

    Let us first assume that the rotor is stationary at the beginning. As soon as the stator is
    excited by three phase AC, the rotating magnetic field is created. This rotating field cuts
    the rotor conductor. To facilitate this magnetic path, the rotor core is given with a
    minimum air gap possible between the stator and the rotor. When the flux cuts the
    conductors in this way, by electromagnetic induction, a heavy current flows through the
    rotor conductors that are already short circuited by this squirrel cage construction. This
    current in turn creates a counter magnetic field in the rotor core. The interaction between
    the stator and the rotor fields produces a torque and the rotor starts rotating in the
    direction of rotating magnetic field.

    Concept of synchronous speed

    The speed of rotating magnetic field depends on the supply frequency and number of
    poles. The synchronous speed Ns is given by
    120 f
    N s=
    P where f is the supply frequency and P is the number of poles in the motor.

    Concept of slip

    Whenever the supply in the stator is switched on, the rotating magnetic field starts
    rotating at synchronous speed. Since the rotor is a mechanical device, it cannot
    immediately gain this speed. The rotor starts rotating slow at first and then gains speed.
    The difference between the speed of the rotor and the synchronous speed in the stator is
    measured by the term slip. Slip is abbreviated as S and usually expressed in percentage.

    N s −N r
    S= ×100 %
    Ns where Ns is the synchronous speed of the stator and Nr is that of
    rotor.

    Frequency of induced current in the rotor

    Since there is a difference of speed in the rotor and the stator, the rotor frequency is given
    by
    N s −N r
    f r =P×
    120

    Rotor can never rotate at synchronous speed

    The current is induced in the rotor conductors as the rotating magnetic field cuts the
    conductors. This current produces the rotor magnetic field required for rotation. In case
    of induction motor, the rotor conductors also rotate in the direction of the rotating stator
    field. If the rotor attains same speed same as that of stator field, the stator field will have
    no relative speed with respect to that of rotor conductor. Hence the stator flux cannot cut
    the rotor conductor and no rotor current will be produced. At that condition, no magnetic
    field will be produced by the rotor to interact with the stator field. So no torque will be
    produced in the rotor and its speed will fall. As soon as speed falls, again the stator flux
    will cut the conductor and rotor field will be again produced. This field will prevent rotor
    from becoming standstill, but according to the explained fact, rotor will never attain
    synchronous speed. The net result is that, the rotor will always rotate, but with a slip.

    Note: For all cases, slip is within 6% for small motors and can be as low as 2% for large
    motors.

    Problem:

    A three phase induction motor of 415V, 50Hz runs at 960 rpm. Calculate its slip.

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