FM1 Work, Energy and Power

Legacy M2

Time: 9 hours 10 minutes

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by the regulations of the

Joint Council for Qualifications. Calculators must not have the facility
for symbolic algebra manipulation, differentiation and integration, or
have retrievable mathematical formulae stored in them.
Instructions
 Use black ink or ball-point pen.
 If pencil is used for diagrams/ sketches/ graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
Coloured pencils and highlighter pens must not be used.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
 Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly labelled.
 Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
– there may be more space than you need.
 You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear. Answers
without working may not gain full credit.
 Whenever a numerical value of g is required, take g = 9.8 m s−2, and give your
answer to either two significant figures or three significant figures.
 When a calculator is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate
degree of accuracy.
Information
 The total mark for this paper is 456.
 The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
 Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
 Try to answer every question.
 Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Jan 2002 Q1.

A particle of mass 4 kg is moving in a straight horizontal line. There is a constant resistive force of
magnitude R newtons. The speed of the particle is reduced from 25 m s1 to rest over a distance of 200 m.

Use the work-energy principle to calculate the value of R.

(4)
Jan 2002 Q2.

A van of mass 1500 kg is driving up a straight road inclined at an angle  to the horizontal, where sin  =
1
12 The resistance to motion due to non-gravitational forces is modelled as a constant force of magnitude
1000 N.

Given that initially the speed of the van is 30 m s1 and that the van’s engine is working at a rate of 60 kW,

(a) calculate the magnitude of the initial deceleration of the van.

(4)
When travelling up the same hill, the rate of working of the van’s engine is increased to 80 kW. Using the
same model for the resistance due to non-gravitational forces,

(b) calculate in m s1 the constant speed which can be sustained by the van at this rate of working.
(4)
(c) Give one reason why the use of this model for resistance may mean that your answer to part (b) is too
high.
(1)
Jun 2002 Q3. Figure 1

A 8 m s1
B 5 m s1

20 m
12 m

Figure 1 shows the path taken by a cyclist in travelling on a section of a road. When the cyclist comes to the
point A on the top of a hill, she is travelling at 8 m s 1. She descends a vertical distance of 20 m to the
bottom of the hill. The road then rises to the point B through a vertical distance of 12 m. When she reaches
B, her speed is 5 m s1. The total mass of the cyclist and the cycle is 80 kg and the total distance along the
road from A to B is 500 m. By modelling the resistance to the motion of the cyclist as of constant magnitude
20 N,

(a) find the work done by the cyclist in moving from A to B.

(5)
At B the road is horizontal. Given that at B the cyclist is accelerating at 0.5 m s2,

(b) find the power generated by the cyclist at B.

(4)
Jan 2003 Q2.

A car of mass 1000 kg is moving along a straight horizontal road with a constant acceleration of f m s2. The
resistance to motion is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 1200 N. When the car is travelling at 12
m s1, the power generated by the engine of the car is 24 kW.

(a) Calculate the value of f.

(4)

When the car is travelling at 14 m s1, the engine is switched off and the car comes to rest, without braking,
in a distance of d metres. Assuming the same model for resistance,

(b) use the work-energy principle to calculate the value of d.

(3)
(c) Give a reason why the model used for the resistance to motion may not be realistic.
(1)
Jun 2003 Q6.

A girl and her bicycle have a combined mass of 64 kg. She cycles up a straight stretch of road which is
inclined at an angle  to the horizontal, where sin   14 . She cycles at a constant speed of 5 m s 1. When
1

she is cycling at this speed, the resistance to motion from non-gravitational forces has magnitude 20 N.

(a) Find the rate at which the cyclist is working.

(4)
1
She now turns round and comes down the same road. Her initial speed is 5 m s , and the resistance to
motion is modelled as remaining constant with magnitude 20 N. She free-wheels down the road for a
distance of 80 m. Using this model,

(b) find the speed of the cyclist when she has travelled a distance of 80 m.
(5)

The cyclist again moves down the same road, but this time she pedals down the road. The resistance is now
modelled as having magnitude proportional to the speed of the cyclist. Her initial speed is again 5 m s 1
when the resistance to motion has magnitude 20 N.

1
(c) Find the magnitude of the resistance to motion when the speed of the cyclist is 8 m s .
(1)

The cyclist works at a constant rate of 200 W.

1
(d) Find the magnitude of her acceleration when her speed is 8 m s .
(4)
Jan 2004 Q1.

A car of mass 400 kg is moving up a straight road inclined at an angle  to the horizontal, where sin  =
1
14 . The resistance to motion of the car from non-gravitational forces is modelled as a constant force of
magnitude R newtons. When the car is moving at a constant speed of 20 m s 1, the power developed by the
car’s engine is 10 kW.

Find the value of R.

(5)
Jan 2004 Q3. Figure 1

3m

30

A particle P of mass 2 kg is projected from a point A up a line of greatest slope AB of a fixed plane. The
plane is inclined at an angle of 30 to the horizontal and AB = 3 m with B above A, as shown in Fig. 1. The
speed of P at A is 10 m s1.

Assuming the plane is smooth,

(a) find the speed of P at B.

(4)

The plane is now assumed to be rough. At A the speed of P is 10 m s1 and at B the speed of P is 7 m s1. By
using the work-energy principle, or otherwise,

(b) find the coefficient of friction between P and the plane.

(5)
Jun 2004 Q1.

A lorry of mass 1500 kg moves along a straight horizontal road. The resistance to the motion of the lorry has
magnitude 750 N and the lorry’s engine is working at a rate of 36 kW.

(a) Find the acceleration of the lorry when its speed is 20 m s1.
(4)
1
The lorry comes to a hill inclined at an angle  to the horizontal, where sin  = 10 . The magnitude of the
resistance to motion from non-gravitational forces remains 750 N.

The lorry moves up the hill at a constant speed of 20 m s1.

(b) Find the rate at which the lorry's engine is now working.
(3)
Jun 2004 Q7.
A
20 m s1
B
32.5 m
8.1 m

In a ski-jump competition, a skier of mass 80 kg moves from rest at a point A on a ski-slope. The skier’s
path is an arc AB. The starting point A of the slope is 32.5 m above horizontal ground. The end B of the
slope is 8.1 m above the ground. When the skier reaches B, she is travelling at
3
20 m s1, and moving upwards at an angle  to the horizontal, where tan  = 4 , as shown in Fig. 2. The
distance along the slope from A to B is 60 m. The resistance to motion while she is on the slope is modelled
as a force of constant magnitude R newtons. By using the work-energy principle,

(a) find the value of R.

(5)

On reaching B, the skier then moves through the air and reaches the ground at the point C. The motion of the
skier in moving from B to C is modelled as that of a particle moving freely under gravity.

(b) Find the time for the skier to move from B to C.

(5)
(c) Find the horizontal distance from B to C.
(2)
(d) Find the speed of the skier immediately before she reaches C.
(5)
Jan 2005 Q3. Figure 3

S
P

T
12
m
30
A small package P is modelled as a particle of mass 0.6 kg. The package slides down a rough plane from a
point S to a point T, where ST = 12 m. The plane is inclined at an angle of 30 to the horizontal and ST is a
line of greatest slope of the plane, as shown in Figure 3. The speed of P at S is 10 m s–1 and the speed of P at
T is 9 m s–1. Calculate

(a) the total loss of energy of P in moving from S to T,

(4)
(b) the coefficient of friction between P and the plane.
(5)
Jan 2005 Q5.

A car of mass 1000 kg is towing a trailer of mass 1500 kg along a straight horizontal road. The tow-bar
joining the car to the trailer is modelled as a light rod parallel to the road. The total resistance to motion of
the car is modelled as having constant magnitude 750 N. The total resistance to motion of the trailer is
modelled as of magnitude R newtons, where R is a constant. When the engine of the car is working at a rate
of 50 kW, the car and the trailer travel at a constant speed of 25 m s–1.

(a) Show that R = 1250.

(3)

When travelling at 25 m s–1 the driver of the car disengages the engine and applies the brakes. The brakes
provide a constant braking force of magnitude 1500 N to the car. The resisting forces of magnitude 750 N
and 1250 N are assumed to remain unchanged. Calculate

(b) the deceleration of the car while braking,

(3)
(c) the thrust in the tow-bar while braking,
(2)
(d) the work done, in kJ, by the braking force in bringing the car and the trailer to rest.
(4)
(e) Suggest how the modelling assumption that the resistances to motion are constant could be refined to be
more realistic.
(1)
Jun 2005 Q1.

A car of mass 1200 kg moves along a straight horizontal road. The resistance to motion of the car from non-
gravitational forces is of constant magnitude 600 N. The car moves with constant speed and the engine of
the car is working at a rate of 21 kW.

(a) Find the speed of the car.

(3)
1
The car moves up a hill inclined at an angle  to the horizontal, where sin  = 14 .

The car’s engine continues to work at 21 kW and the resistance to motion from non-gravitational forces
remains of magnitude 600 N.

(b) Find the constant speed at which the car can move up the hill.
(4)
Jun 2005 Q7.

At a demolition site, bricks slide down a straight chute into a container. The chute is rough and is inclined at
an angle of 30 to the horizontal. The distance travelled down the chute by each brick is 8 m. A brick of
mass 3 kg is released from rest at the top of the chute. When it reaches the bottom of the chute, its speed is 5
m s–1.

(a) Find the potential energy lost by the brick in moving down the chute.
(2)
(b) By using the work-energy principle, or otherwise, find the constant frictional force acting on the brick
as it moves down the chute.
(5)
(c) Hence find the coefficient of friction between the brick and the chute.
(3)

Another brick of mass 3 kg slides down the chute. This brick is given an initial speed of 2 m s–1 at the top of
the chute.

(d) Find the speed of this brick when it reaches the bottom of the chute.
(5)
Jan 2006 Q1.

A brick of mass 3 kg slides in a straight line on a horizontal floor. The brick is modelled as a particle and the
floor as a rough plane. The initial speed of the brick is 8 m s–1. The brick is brought to rest after moving 12
m by the constant frictional force between the brick and the floor.

(a) Calculate the kinetic energy lost by the brick in coming to rest, stating the units of your answer.
(2)
(b) Calculate the coefficient of friction between the brick and the floor.
(4)
Jan 2006 Q3.

A car of mass 1000 kg is moving along a straight horizontal road. The resistance to motion is modelled as a
constant force of magnitude R newtons. The engine of the car is working at a rate of 12 kW. When the car is
moving with speed 15 m s–1, the acceleration of the car is 0.2 m s–2.

(a) Show that R = 600.

(4)

The car now moves with constant speed U m s–1 downhill on a straight road inclined at  to the horizontal,
1
where sin  = 40 . The engine of the car is now working at a rate of 7 kW. The resistance to motion from
non-gravitational forces remains of magnitude R newtons.

(c) Calculate the value of U.

(5)
Jun 2006 Q2.

A car of mass 1200 kg moves along a straight horizontal road with a constant speed of 24 m s–1. The
resistance to motion of the car has magnitude 600 N.

(a) Find, in kW, the rate at which the engine of the car is working.
(2)
1
The car now moves up a hill inclined at  to the horizontal, where sin  = 28 . The resistance to motion of
the car from non-gravitational forces remains of magnitude 600 N. The engine of the car now works at a rate
of 30 kW.

(b) Find the acceleration of the car when its speed is 20 m s–1.
(4)
Jun 2006 Q7.

A particle P has mass 4 kg. It is projected from a point A up a line of greatest slope of a rough plane inclined
3
at an angle  to the horizontal, where tan  = 4 . The coefficient of friction between P and the plane is
2
7 . The particle comes to rest instantaneously at the point B on the plane, where AB = 2.5 m. It then moves
back down the plane to A.

(a) Find the work done by friction as P moves from A to B.

(4)
(b) Using the work-energy principle, find the speed with which P is projected from A.
(4)
(c) Find the speed of P when it returns to A.
(4)
Jan 2007 Q1.

A particle of mass 0.8 kg is moving in a straight line on a rough horizontal plane. The speed of the particle is
reduced from 15 m s–1 to 10 m s–1 as the particle moves 20 m. Assuming the only resistance to motion is the
friction between the particle and the plane, find

(a) the work done by friction in reducing the speed of the particle from 15 m s–1 to 10 m s–1,
(2)
(b) the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane.
(4)
Jan 2007 Q2.

A car of mass 800 kg is moving at a constant speed of 15 m s–1 down a straight road inclined at an angle  to
1
the horizontal, where sin = 24 . The resistance to motion from non-gravitational forces is modelled as a
constant force of magnitude 900 N.

(a) Find, in kW, the rate of working of the engine of the car.
(4)

When the car is travelling down the road at 15 m s–1, the engine is switched off. The car comes to rest in
time T seconds after the engine is switched off. The resistance to motion from non-gravitational forces is
again modelled as a constant force of magnitude 900 N.

(b) Find the value of T.

(4)
June 2007 Q1.

A cyclist and his bicycle have a combined mass of 90 kg. He rides on a straight road up a hill inclined at an
1
angle  to the horizontal, where sin  = 21 . He works at a constant rate of 444 W and cycles up the hill at
a constant speed of 6 m s–1.

Find the magnitude of the resistance to motion from non-gravitational forces as he cycles up the hill.
(4)
June 2007 Q4. Figure 2

Two particles A and B, of mass m and 2m respectively, are attached to the ends of a light inextensible string.
3
The particle A lies on a rough plane inclined at an angle  to the horizontal, where tan  = 4 . The string
passes over a small light smooth pulley P fixed at the top of the plane. The particle B hangs freely below P,
as shown in Figure 2. The particles are released from rest with the string taut and the section of the string
from A to P parallel to a line of greatest slope of the plane. The coefficient of friction between A and the
5
plane is 8 . When each particle has moved a distance h, B has not reached the ground and A has not
reached P.

(a) Find an expression for the potential energy lost by the system when each particle has moved a distance
h.
(2)

When each particle has moved a distance h, they are moving with speed v. Using the work-energy principle,

(b) find an expression for v2, giving your answer in the form kgh, where k is a number.
(5)
Jan 2008 Q1.

A parcel of mass 2.5 kg is moving in a straight line on a smooth horizontal floor. Initially the parcel is
moving with speed 8 m s–1. The parcel is brought to rest in a distance of 20 m by a constant horizontal force
of magnitude R newtons. Modelling the parcel as a particle, find

(a) the kinetic energy lost by the parcel in coming to rest,

(2)
(b) the value of R.
(3)
Jan 2008 Q3.

A car of mass 1000 kg is moving at a constant speed of 16 m s –1 up a straight road inclined at an angle θ to
the horizontal. The rate of working of the engine of the car is 20 kW and the resistance to motion from non-
gravitational forces is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 550 N.
1
(a) Show that sin θ = 14 .
(5)

When the car is travelling up the road at 16 m s–1, the engine is switched off. The car comes to rest, without
braking, having moved a distance y metres from the point where the engine was switched off. The resistance
to motion from non-gravitational forces is again modelled as a constant force of magnitude 550 N.

(b) Find the value of y.

(4)
May 2008 Q1.

A lorry of mass 2000 kg is moving down a straight road inclined at angle  to the horizontal, where sin  =
1
25 . The resistance to motion is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 1600 N. The lorry is moving at
a constant speed of 14 m s–1.

Find, in kW, the rate at which the lorry’s engine is working.

(6)
May 2008 Q3.

Figure 1

A package of mass 3.5 kg is sliding down a ramp. The package is modelled as a particle and the ramp as a
rough plane inclined at an angle of 20° to the horizontal. The package slides down a line of greatest slope of
the plane from a point A to a point B, where AB = 14 m. At A the package has speed 12 m s–1 and at B the
package has speed 8 m s–1, as shown in Figure 1.

Find

(a) the total energy lost by the package in travelling from A to B,

(5)
(b) the coefficient of friction between the package and the ramp.
(5)
Jan 2009 Q1.

A car of mass 1500 kg is moving up a straight road, which is inclined at an angle θ to the horizontal, where
1
sin θ = 14 . The resistance to the motion of the car from non-gravitational forces is constant and is
modelled as a single constant force of magnitude 650 N. The car’s engine is working at a rate of 30 kW.

Find the acceleration of the car at the instant when its speed is 15 m s–1.
(5)
Jan 2009 Q3.

A block of mass 10 kg is pulled along a straight horizontal road by a constant horizontal force of magnitude
70 N in the direction of the road. The block moves in a straight line passing through two points A and B on
the road, where AB = 50 m. The block is modelled as a particle and the road is modelled as a rough plane.
4
The coefficient of friction between the block and the road is 7 .

(a) Calculate the work done against friction in moving the block from A to B.
(4)

The block passes through A with a speed of 2 m s–1.

(b) Find the speed of the block at B.

(4)
May 2009 Q3.

A truck of mass of 300 kg moves along a straight horizontal road with a constant speed of 10 m s–1. The
resistance to motion of the truck has magnitude 120 N.

(a) Find the rate at which the engine of the truck is working.
(2)

On another occasion the truck moves at a constant speed up a hill inclined at θ to the horizontal, where
1
sin θ =  14 . The resistance to motion of the truck from non-gravitational forces remains of magnitude 120
N. The rate at which the engine works is the same as in part (a).

(b) Find the speed of the truck.

(4)
May 2009 Q7.

Figure 4

A particle P of mass 2 kg is projected up a rough plane with initial speed 14 m s –1, from a point X on the
plane, as shown in Figure 4. The particle moves up the plane along the line of greatest slope through X and
comes to instantaneous rest at the point Y. The plane is inclined at an angle α to the horizontal, where tan α =
7 1
24 . The coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane is 8 .

(a) Use the work-energy principle to show that XY = 25 m.

(7)

After reaching Y, the particle P slides back down the plane.

(b) Find the speed of P as it passes through X.

(4)
Jan 2010 Q3.

A particle of mass 0.5 kg is projected vertically upwards from ground level with a speed of 20 m s–1. It
comes to instantaneous rest at a height of 10 m above the ground. As the particle moves it is subject to air
resistance of constant magnitude R newtons. Using the work-energy principle, or otherwise, find the value of
R.
(6)
Jan 2010 Q5.

A cyclist and her bicycle have a total mass of 70 kg. She cycles along a straight horizontal road with
constant speed 3.5 m s–1. She is working at a constant rate of 490 W.

(a) Find the magnitude of the resistance to motion.

(4)

The cyclist now cycles down a straight road which is inclined at an angle θ to the horizontal, where sin θ =
1
14 , at a constant speed U  m s–1. The magnitude of the non-gravitational resistance to motion is modelled
as 40U newtons. She is now working at a constant rate of 24 W.

(b) Find the value of U.

(7)
June 2010 Q2.

A particle P of mass 0.6 kg is released from rest and slides down a line of greatest slope of a rough plane.
The plane is inclined at 30° to the horizontal. When P has moved 12 m, its speed is 4 m s–1. Given that
friction is the only non-gravitational resistive force acting on P, find

(a) the work done against friction as the speed of P increases from 0 m s–1 to 4 m s–1,
(4)
(b) the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane.
(4)
Jun 2010 Q4.

A car of mass 750 kg is moving up a straight road inclined at an angle θ to the horizontal, where sin
1
θ  =  15 . The resistance to motion of the car from non-gravitational forces has constant magnitude R
newtons. The power developed by the car’s engine is 15 kW and the car is moving at a constant speed of 20
m s–1.

(a) Show that R = 260.

(4)

The power developed by the car’s engine is now increased to 18 kW. The magnitude of the resistance to
motion from non-gravitational forces remains at 260 N. At the instant when the car is moving up the road at
20 m s–1 the car’s acceleration is a m s–2.

(b) Find the value of a.

(4)
Jan 2011 Q1.

A cyclist starts from rest and moves along a straight horizontal road. The combined mass of the cyclist and
his cycle is 120 kg. The resistance to motion is modelled as a constant force of magnitude 32 N. The rate at
which the cyclist works is 384 W. The cyclist accelerates until he reaches a constant speed of v m s–1.

Find

(a) the value of v,

(3)
(b) the acceleration of the cyclist at the instant when the speed is 9 m s–1.
(3)
Jan 2011 Q4.

Figure 1

A box of mass 30 kg is held at rest at point A on a rough inclined plane. The plane is inclined at 20° to the
horizontal. Point B is 50 m from A up a line of greatest slope of the plane, as shown in Figure 1. The box is
dragged from A to B by a force acting parallel to AB and then held at rest at B. The coefficient of friction
1
between the box and the plane is 4 . Friction is the only non-gravitational resistive force acting on the box.
Modelling the box as a particle,

(a) find the work done in dragging the box from A to B.

(6)

The box is released from rest at the point B and slides down the slope. Using the work-energy principle, or
otherwise,

(b) find the speed of the box as it reaches A.

(5)
May 2011 Q1.

A car of mass 1000 kg moves with constant speed V m s−1 up a straight road inclined at an angle θ to the
1
horizontal, where sin θ = 30 . The engine of the car is working at a rate of 12 kW. The resistance to motion
from non-gravitational forces has magnitude 500 N.

Find the value of V.

(5)
May 2011 Q5.

Figure 2

A particle P of mass 0.5 kg is projected from a point A up a line of greatest slope AB of a fixed plane. The
plane is inclined at 30° to the horizontal and AB = 2 m with B above A, as shown in Figure 2. The particle P
passes through B with speed 5 m s–1. The plane is smooth from A to B.

(a) Find the speed of projection.

(4)

The particle P comes to instantaneous rest at the point C on the plane, where C is above B and BC = 1.5 m.
From B to C the plane is rough and the coefficient of friction between P and the plane is .

By using the work-energy principle,

(b) find the value of .

(6)
Jan 2012 Q3.

A cyclist and her cycle have a combined mass of 75 kg. The cyclist is cycling up a straight road inclined at
5° to the horizontal. The resistance to the motion of the cyclist from non-gravitational forces is modelled as
a constant force of magnitude 20 N. At the instant when the cyclist has a speed of 12 m s −1, she is
decelerating at 0.2 m s−2.

(a) Find the rate at which the cyclist is working at this instant.
(5)

When the cyclist passes the point A her speed is 8 m s−1. At A she stops working but does not apply the
brakes. She comes to rest at the point B.

The resistance to motion from non-gravitational forces is again modelled as a constant force of magnitude
20 N.

(b) Use the work-energy principle to find the distance AB.

(5)
May 2012 Q6.

A car of mass 1200 kg pulls a trailer of mass 400 kg up a straight road which is inclined to the horizontal at
1
an angle , where sin   =  14 . The trailer is attached to the car by a light inextensible towbar which is
parallel to the road. The car’s engine works at a constant rate of 60 kW. The non-gravitational resistances to
motion are constant and of magnitude 1000 N on the car and 200 N on the trailer.

At a given instant, the car is moving at 10 m s–1. Find

(a) the acceleration of the car at this instant,

(5)
(b) the tension in the towbar at this instant.
(4)

The towbar breaks when the car is moving at 12 m s–1.

(c) Find, using the work-energy principle, the further distance that the trailer travels before coming
instantaneously to rest.
(5)
Jan 2013 Q2.

A lorry of mass 1800 kg travels along a straight horizontal road. The lorry’s engine is working at a constant
rate of 30 kW. When the lorry’s speed is 20 m s−1, its acceleration is 0.4 m s−2. The magnitude of the
resistance to the motion of the lorry is R newtons.

(a) Find the value of R.

(4)
1
The lorry now travels up a straight road which is inclined at an angle α to the horizontal, where sin α = 12 .
The magnitude of the non-gravitational resistance to motion is R newtons. The lorry travels at a constant
speed of 20 m s−1.

(b) Find the new rate of working of the lorry’s engine.

(5)
Jan 2013 Q5.

24
The point A lies on a rough plane inclined at an angle θ to the horizontal, where sin θ = 25 . A particle P
is projected from A, up a line of greatest slope of the plane, with speed U m s−1. The mass of P is 2 kg and
5
the coefficient of friction between P and the plane is 12 . The particle comes to instantaneous rest at the
point B on the plane, where AB =1.5 m. It then moves back down the plane to A.

(a) Find the work done against friction as P moves from A to B.

(4)
(b) Use the work-energy principle to find the value of U.
(4)
(c) Find the speed of P when it returns to A.
(3)
June 2013 (R) Q1.

A caravan of mass 600 kg is towed by a car of mass 900 kg along a straight horizontal road. The towbar
joining the car to the caravan is modelled as a light rod parallel to the road. The total resistance to motion of
the car is modelled as having magnitude 300 N. The total resistance to motion of the caravan is modelled as
having magnitude 150 N. At a given instant the car and the caravan are moving with speed 20 m s –1 and
acceleration 0.2 m s–2.

(a) Find the power being developed by the car’s engine at this instant.
(5)
(b) Find the tension in the towbar at this instant.
(2)
June 2013 (R) Q2.

A ball of mass 0.2 kg is projected vertically upwards from a point O with speed 20 m s–1. The non-
gravitational resistance acting on the ball is modelled as a force of constant magnitude 1.24 N and the ball is
modelled as a particle. Find, using the work-energy principle, the speed of the ball when it first reaches the
point which is 8 m vertically above O.

(6)
Jun 2013 Q2.

A particle P of mass 3 kg moves from point A to point B up a line of greatest slope of a fixed rough plane.
The plane is inclined at 20° to the horizontal. The coefficient of friction between P and the plane is 0.4.

Given that AB = 15 m and that the speed of P at A is 20 m s–1, find

(a) the work done against friction as P moves from A to B,

(3)
(b) the speed of P at B.
(4)
June 2014 (R) Q1.

1
A van of mass 600 kg is moving up a straight road inclined at an angle θ to the horizontal, where sin θ = 16 .
The resistance to motion of the van from non-gravitational forces has constant magnitude R newtons. When
the van is moving at a constant speed of 20 m s–1, the van’s engine is working at a constant rate of 25 kW.

(a) Find the value of R.

(4)

The power developed by the van’s engine is now increased to 30 kW. The resistance to motion from non-
gravitational forces is unchanged. At the instant when the van is moving up the road at 20 m s –1, the
acceleration of the van is a m s–2.

(b) Find the value of a.

(4)
June 2014 (R) Q5.

Figure 3

A particle P of mass 2 kg is released from rest at a point A on a rough inclined plane and slides down a line
of greatest slope. The plane is inclined at 30° to the horizontal. The point B is 5 m from A on the line of
greatest slope through A, as shown in Figure 3.

(a) Find the potential energy lost by P as it moves from A to B.

(2)

The speed of P as it reaches B is 4 m s–1.

(b) (i) Use the work-energy principle to find the magnitude of the constant frictional force acting on P as
it moves from A to B.

(ii) Find the coefficient of friction between P and the plane.

(7)

The particle P is now placed at A and projected down the plane towards B with speed 3 m s–1. Given that the
frictional force remains constant,

(c) find the speed of P as it reaches B.

(4)
June 2014 Q4.

A truck of mass 1800 kg is towing a trailer of mass 800 kg up a straight road which is inclined to the
1
horizontal at an angle α, where sin α = 20 . The truck is connected to the trailer by a light inextensible rope
which is parallel to the direction of motion of the truck. The resistances to motion of the truck and the trailer
from non-gravitational forces are modelled as constant forces of magnitudes 300 N and 200 N respectively.
The truck is moving at constant speed v m s–1 and the engine of the truck is working at a rate of 40 kW.

(a) Find the value of v.

(5)

As the truck is moving up the road the rope breaks.

(b) Find the acceleration of the truck immediately after the rope breaks.
(4)
June 2014 Q8.

The points A and B are 10 m apart on a line of greatest slope of a fixed rough inclined plane, with A above B.
The plane is inclined at 25° to the horizontal. A particle P of mass 5 kg is released from rest at A and slides
down the slope. As P passes B, it is moving with speed 7 m s–1.

(a) Find, using the work-energy principle, the work done against friction as P moves from A to B.
(4)
(b) Find the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane.
(5)
Jun 2015 Q5.

Figure 2

A particle P of mass 10 kg is projected from a point A up a line of greatest slope AB of a fixed rough plane.
5
The plane is inclined at angle  to the horizontal, where tan  = 12 and AB = 6.5 m, as shown in Figure
2. The coefficient of friction between P and the plane is . The work done against friction as P moves from
A to B is 245 J.

(a) Find the value of .

(5)

The particle is projected from A with speed 11.5 m s–1. By using the work-energy principle,

(b) find the speed of the particle as it passes through B.

(4)
Jun 2016 Q2.

A car of mass 800 kg is moving on a straight road which is inclined at an angle θ to the horizontal, where sin
1
θ = 20 . The resistance to the motion of the car from non-gravitational forces is modelled as a constant force
of magnitude R newtons. When the car is moving up the road at a constant speed of 12.5 m s −1, the engine of
the car is working at a constant rate of 3P watts. When the car is moving down the road at a constant speed
of 12.5 m s−1, the engine of the car is working at a constant rate of P watts.

(a) Find

(i) the value of P,

(ii) the value of R.

(6)

When the car is moving up the road at 12.5 m s−1 the engine is switched off and the car comes to rest,
without braking, in a distance d metres. The resistance to the motion of the car from non-gravitational forces
is still modelled as a constant force of magnitude R newtons.

(b) Use the work-energy principle to find the value of d.

(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Jun 2017 Q2.

A truck of mass 900 kg is towing a trailer of mass 150 kg up an inclined straight road with constant speed 15
m s–1. The trailer is attached to the truck by a light inextensible tow-bar which is parallel to the road. The
road is inclined at an angle 𝜃 to the horizontal,
1
where sin 𝜃 = 9 . The resistance to motion of the truck from non-gravitational forces has constant magnitude
200 N and the resistance to motion of the trailer from non-gravitational forces has constant magnitude 50 N.

(a) Find the rate at which the engine of the truck is working.
(5)

When the truck and trailer are moving up the road at 15 m s–1 the tow-bar breaks, and the trailer is no longer
attached to the truck. The rate at which the engine of the truck is working is unchanged. The resistance to
motion of the truck from non-gravitational forces and the resistance to motion of the trailer from non-
gravitational forces are still forces of constant magnitudes 200 N and 50 N respectively.

(b) Find the acceleration of the truck at the instant after the tow-bar breaks.
(3)
(c) Use the work-energy principle to find out how much further up the road the trailer
travels before coming to instantaneous rest.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Jun 2018 Q1.
Jun 2019 Q1.

A van of mass 800 kg is moving up a straight road which is inclined at an angle 𝜃 to the horizontal, where
1
sin  
7 . The engine of the van is working at a constant rate of 18kW.
At the instant when the speed of the van is 15 m s–1, the deceleration of the van is 0.75 m s–2. The resistance
to motion of the van from non-gravitational forces is modelled as a constant force of magnitude R newtons.

Find the value of R.

(5)
(Total 5 marks)
Jun 2019 Q5.

Two particles, P and Q, of masses 4 kg and 6 kg respectively, are connected by a light

inextensible string. The string passes over a small smooth pulley which is fixed at a point
on the line of intersection of a fixed rough horizontal plane and a fixed smooth inclined
plane. The string lies in a vertical plane that contains a line of greatest slope of the
inclined plane. The inclined plane is at an angle 𝛼 to the horizontal, where tan 𝛼 = 2. The
particles are held at rest, with the string taut, so that P is on the horizontal plane and Q is
at the point A on the inclined plane. The point B, which is on the line of greatest slope of
the plane through A, is 2 m down the plane from A, as shown in Figure 2.

The particles are released from rest and Q moves down the inclined plane. At the instant
when Q is at B, the speed of Q is 3 m s–1 and P has not reached the pulley.

(a) Find the kinetic energy gained by the system as Q moves from A to B.
(2)
(b) Using the work-energy principle, find the coefficient of friction between P and the
horizontal plane.
(6)
(Total 8 marks)