Mejia, John Christian G.: Questions: Answer The Following Questions

Mejia, John Christian G.
BSE-Science II
PROBLEM SET NUMBER 2
Questions: Answer the following questions
1. Does it help to run hot water over a tight metal lid on a glass jar before trying to open it? Explain
your answer.
As you said in your explanation, almost all materials expand when the temperature increases so
my answer is yes. The hot water helps lose the compact particles of the tight metal lid because of its high
kinetic energy. Therefore the metal lid’s particles expand until it is easy to unmount it from the glass jar.
2. Why is accounting for thermal stress when building infrastructures important? Cite examples of
thermal stress evidences found on infrastructures.
We should account thermal stress when we are designing infrastructures just for example bridges.
We tend to see some sort of space between edge to edge of a certain area of the bridge because it really
is needed when the thermal expansion triggers. When we do not account thermal stress and it happens
the bridge to be heated in extreme temperature it will tend to expand and unfortunately when the
thermal stress is high it will cause a massive destruction and possible injuries might happen.
Problems: Solve all the problems clearly and systematically. Provide your solutions and encircle or box
your final answer.
1. An iron is heated from 35℃ to 90℃. If the coefficient of linear expansion is 3 × 10−3 ℃ and the final
length of iron is 0.3 m, what is the original length and the change in length of the iron?
Given: By solving this kind of problem we need to identify what kind of

thermal expansion is applied. As shown in the problem the linear
𝑇𝑖 = 35℃ , 𝑇𝑓 = 90℃ , 𝛼 = 3 × 10−3 ℃ , 𝐿𝑓 = 0.3𝑚 expansion is applied so we are going to use this formula: ∆𝐿 =
𝛼(𝐿𝑜)(∆𝑇)+1. After identifying the formula we must find the original
Solution: length and the change in length because that is the target of this problem.
By doing that we need first to identify the given variables which is the
∆𝐿 = 𝛼(𝐿𝑜)(∆𝑇)+1 coefficient of linear expansion (𝛼 = 3 × 10−3 ℃), initial temperature (𝑇𝑖 =
35℃), final temperature (𝑇𝑓 = 90℃) and as well as the final length
(0.3m). Now that we have the given variables, we are going to verify the
𝐿𝑓 = 𝐿𝑜(𝛼)(∆𝑇)+1
result, to do this we need to substitute the given variables to our formula
∆𝐿 = 𝛼(𝐿𝑜)(∆𝑇)+1. ∆𝑳 stands for (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖) 𝑜𝑟 (0.3𝑚 −
0.3𝑚 = 𝐿𝑜 (3 × 10−3 ℃)(90℃ − 35℃) + 1 𝐿𝑜(𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑) ), 𝜶 for (3 × 10−3 ℃), and ∆𝑻 for (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖) 𝑜𝑟 (90℃ −
35℃) after that we are going to get the subtraction of (90℃ − 35℃)
0.3𝑚 = 𝐿𝑜(3 × 10−3 ℃)(55℃) + 1 which is 55℃ then we will multiply it to the coefficient linear expansion
(3 × 10−3 ℃)(55℃) that results 0.165℃ after that we will add it to 1 so it
0.3𝑚 = 𝐿𝑜(0.165℃) + 1 will going to be 1.165℃ after we get that we will going to move 1.165℃ to
the left side were 0.3m is there to have their quotient and that leads us to
0.3𝑚 = 𝐿𝑜(1.165℃) the original length which is 0.26m. After that long journey we must now
need to know the change in length. The formula is final length (0.30) minus
0.3𝑚 original length (0.26) so therefore we came to the answer ∆𝐿 = 0.04𝑚
= 𝐿𝑜
1.165℃
0.26𝑚 = 𝐿𝑜 (𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ)
∆𝐿 = 𝐿𝑓 − 𝐿𝑜
∆𝐿 = 0.3𝑚 − 0.26𝑚
∆𝐿 = 0.04𝑚 (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ)
2. The coefficient of liner expansion of a metal sphere is 9.0 × 10−6 𝐾 −1 . The diameter of the sphere at
30℃ is 2.2 cm. If the final diameter is 2.28cm, what is the final temperature?
Given: As usual we have to find what are the given to this problem to verify the target which is
the final temperature. First is the coefficient of the linear expansion 𝛼 = 9 × 10−6 ℃−1 we can use
𝛼 = 9 × 10−6 ℃−1 this to find beta, just multiply it by 3 and there we go
𝛽 = 27 × 10−6 ℃−1 . Next in line is the initial temperature 𝑇𝑖 = 30℃ then next is the initial and final
𝛽 = 27 × 10−6 ℃−1 volume. To find the initial and final volume, we must undergo to the conversion process which
diameter is given and should convert to radius then volume. The process of getting to initial and final
𝑇𝑖 = 30℃ volume are just the same where diameter divided by two to get the radius then to get the volume we
4
need to use this 3 𝜋(𝑅)3 . After we got the initial and final volume we also need to get the change in
𝐷𝑖 = 2.2𝑐𝑚 volume because it is going to be relevant in problem solving, change in volume is Vf-Vi.
𝐷𝑓 = 2.28𝑐𝑚 As we go in the solution we must use this formula ∆𝑉 = 𝛽(𝑉𝑖)(∆𝑇) and all we can do is
substitute all the given. Then we should prioritize the multiplication between 𝛽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑉𝑖) then if we
𝐷𝑜 2.2𝑐𝑚 get the answer we must move it to the left side where 0.63𝑐𝑚 3 is there to have their quotient after
𝑅1 = = = 1.1𝑐𝑚 that we notice that Tf has one more katabi so we should also move that to the left to have their
2 2 addition. And by that we can say that the problem is done because we got the answer which is
4219.11℃
𝐷𝑓 2.28𝑐𝑚
𝑅2 = = = 1.14𝑐𝑚
2 2
4 4 4
𝑉𝑖 = 𝜋(𝑅1)3 = (3.14)(1.1𝑐𝑚)3 = (3.14)(1.331𝑐𝑚3 ) = 5.57𝑐𝑚3
3 3 3
4 4 4
𝑉𝑓 = 𝜋(𝑅2)3 = (3.14)(1.14𝑐𝑚)3 = (3.14)(1.481544𝑐𝑚3 ) = 6.20𝑐𝑚3
3 3 3
∆𝐿 = 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 = 6.20𝑐𝑚3 − 5.57𝑐𝑚3 = 0.63𝑐𝑚3
Solution:
∆𝑉 = 𝛽(𝑉𝑖)(∆𝑇)
0.63𝑐𝑚3 = (27 × 10−6 ℃)(5.57𝑐𝑚3 )(𝑇𝑓 − 30℃)
0.63𝑐𝑚3 = (150.39 × 10−6 )(𝑇𝑓 − 20℃)
0.63𝑐𝑚3
= 𝑇𝑓 − 30℃
150.39 × 10−6 ℃
4189.108318℃ = 𝑇𝑓 − 30℃
4189.108318℃ + 30℃ = 𝑇𝑓
4219.11℃ = 𝑇2 (Final Temperature)

3. A brass rod is 1.85 m long and has a radius 0.80 m. What force must be applied to each end of the rod
to prevent it from contracting when it is cooled from 120℃ 𝑡𝑜 10℃?. (Young’s Modulus of brass is 0.9 ×
1011 𝑃𝑎, Coefficient of linear expansion of brass is 2.0 × 10−5 ℃−1 )
Given:
𝐿𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 1.85𝑚
𝑟 = 0.80𝑚
𝑇𝑖 = 120℃
𝑇𝑓 = 10℃
𝑌 = 0.9 × 1011 𝑃𝑎
𝛼 = 2.0 × 10−5 ℃
Solution:
𝐹
= (−𝑌)(𝛼)(∆𝑇)
𝐴
𝐹 = −𝜋 − 𝐴(−𝑌)(𝛼)(∆𝑇)
𝐹 = −𝜋(−0.80𝑚)2 (0.9 × 1011 𝑃𝑎)(2 × 10−5 ℃)(120℃ − 10℃)
𝐹 = (−3.14) (−0.80𝑚)2 (0.9 × 1011 𝑝𝑎)(2 × 10−5 ℃)(120℃ − 10℃)
𝐹 = 4 × 104 𝑁
𝐹
To determine the force we could apply the equation 𝐴 = (−𝑌)(𝛼)(∆𝑇) and I think it is easily be solve when we move quickly
the A to the right side for continuously pressing the calculator to have the result quickly so what I did to the equation is 𝐹 = −𝜋 −
𝐴(−𝑌)(𝛼)(∆𝑇) and by that I substitute all the given and have my answer 𝐹 = 4 × 104 𝑁

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Mejia, John Christian G.

PROBLEM SET NUMBER 2

Questions: Answer the following questions

Given: By solving this kind of problem we need to identify what kind of

0.63𝑐𝑚3 = (150.39 × 10−6 )(𝑇𝑓 − 20℃)

4219.11℃ = 𝑇2 (Final Temperature)

𝐹 = −𝜋(−0.80𝑚)2 (0.9 × 1011 𝑃𝑎)(2 × 10−5 ℃)(120℃ − 10℃)

𝐹 = (−3.14) (−0.80𝑚)2 (0.9 × 1011 𝑝𝑎)(2 × 10−5 ℃)(120℃ − 10℃)

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