Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 60 views

    CVL757: Finite Element Methods: IIT Delhi

    Uploaded by

    Samarth Garg
    This document summarizes a lecture on finite element methods. It introduces FEM as a numerical method to solve field problems by dividing a domain into small elements and approximating variables within each element. The methodology includes understanding the problem, creating a mathematical model, discretizing the model into elements, solving the discretized system of equations to find nodal values, and verifying results. Interpolation functions are used to approximate values within each element based on nodal values. Degrees of freedom refer to the independent quantities governing the variation of variables within an element.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CVL757: Finite Element Methods: IIT Delhi

    Uploaded by

    Samarth Garg
    60 views14 pages
    This document summarizes a lecture on finite element methods. It introduces FEM as a numerical method to solve field problems by dividing a domain into small elements and approximating variables within each element. The methodology includes understanding the problem, creating a mathematical model, discretizing the model into elements, solving the discretized system of equations to find nodal values, and verifying results. Interpolation functions are used to approximate values within each element based on nodal values. Degrees of freedom refer to the independent quantities governing the variation of variables within an element.

    Original Title

    Lecture2 FEM

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes a lecture on finite element methods. It introduces FEM as a numerical method to solve field problems by dividing a domain into small elements and approximating variables within each element. The methodology includes understanding the problem, creating a mathematical model, discretizing the model into elements, solving the discretized system of equations to find nodal values, and verifying results. Interpolation functions are used to approximate values within each element based on nodal values. Degrees of freedom refer to the independent quantities governing the variation of variables within an element.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views14 pages

    CVL757: Finite Element Methods: IIT Delhi

    Uploaded by

    Samarth Garg
    This document summarizes a lecture on finite element methods. It introduces FEM as a numerical method to solve field problems by dividing a domain into small elements and approximating variables within each element. The methodology includes understanding the problem, creating a mathematical model, discretizing the model into elements, solving the discretized system of equations to find nodal values, and verifying results. Interpolation functions are used to approximate values within each element based on nodal values. Degrees of freedom refer to the independent quantities governing the variation of variables within an element.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Lecture 2 N. M.

    Anoop Krishnan

    IIT Delhi

    CVL757: Finite element methods


    Lecture 2

    N. M. Anoop Krishnan
    Block IV, Room No. 314
    Department of Civil Engineering
    Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
    Email: [email protected]
    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements 1
    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    Introduction
    • FEM or FEA: A method for numerical solution of field problems,
    to determine the spatial distribution of one or more dependent
    variables
    • E.g.: Distribution of stress in a pavement, distribution of
    displacements in a beam, distribution of temperature in
    concrete
    • Field problems are described by differential equations or
    integral formulations
    • Both descriptions can be used for finite element formulations
    (which will come later)
    • The domain is divided into individual finite elements, which can
    be visualized as small pieces of a structure.

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    Introduction
    • Within a finite element, a field quantity varies as simple
    polynomial terms such as x, y, or x2, xy, y2. Thus, FE provides an
    approximate solution
    • Each elements are connected through “nodes”, which
    corresponds to the vertices of the elements
    • Arrangements of elements form a “mesh”
    • A set of equations representing the mesh is solved for the
    unknowns at the nodes
    • Nodal unknowns when extrapolated using the assumed
    polynomial variation within the element, gives field quantity
    over the entire structure

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    FEA Methodology
    • Understand the problem
    • Prepare a mathematical model
    • Discretize it
    • Solve for the nodal values using computational calculations
    • Verify the results

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    FEA Methodology
    • Understand the problem:
    Identify the physical phenomena—is it static or dynamic?, is it
    linear or non-linear? Is it time-dependent or independent? Is it
    coupled or non-coupled (water sloshing in a thin-walled tank)?

    • Prepare a mathematical model:


    Model is a simplified description of the physical phenomena
    excluding the superfluous details but including all essential
    features. When the model is described by mathematical
    equations, it becomes a mathematical model. If the
    mathematical model is incorrect, FE simulation will yield junk
    values.

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    FEA Methodology
    • Discretize it:
    – Mathematical model is discretized by dividing it into a mesh
    of finite elements. For example, a fully continuous
    displacement field is represented by a piecewise continuous
    field defined by the nodal displacements and simple
    interpolation within the element.
    – Discretization introduces another approximation
    – Two sources of error: modeling error and discretization error
    – Modeling error needs improvement in the mathematical
    model
    – Discretization error can be improved by increasing the
    number of elements (convergence test)

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    FEA Methodology

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    FEA Methodology
    • Numerical analysis using FEA software:
    – Preprocessing: provide input data, meshing details (software
    automatically mesh it)
    – Numerical analysis: Software automatically generates
    matrices that describe the behavior of each element,
    combines this into a large matrix and solves this matrix to
    determine values at the nodes. This nodal values are then
    interpolated using the polynomial interpolation scheme
    chosen
    – Postprocessing: Field solutions obtained are graphically
    displayed in an understandable manner. This includes the
    display of displacement field depicting the deformed shape
    or stress field etc.
    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements
    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    FEA Methodology

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    Interpolation
    • FEA involves piecewise interpolation of a field quantity, typically
    polynomial interpolation
    • An example of a tapered bar element is considered
    • Material is homogenous, linear elastic, isotropic with a length 3L
    • The bar is discretized into three elements of equal length L
    • Field quantity is axial displacement u which is stated in terms of
    nodal displacements u1, u2, u3, u4

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    Interpolation
    #
    • For element 1-2: 𝑢 = ×𝑢& ; 𝑢( = 0.
    $
    # # #
    • For element 2-3: 𝑢 = × 𝑢* − 𝑢& + 𝑢& = 1 − 𝑢& + ×𝑢*
    $ $ $
    012 0(14 /12 ) 0(17 /14 )
    • Similarly, 𝜎(/& = $
    𝜎&/* = $
    𝜎*/6 = $
    8$ 8$ 8$
    • 𝑢( = 0; 𝑢& = 9:0 ; 𝑢* = 𝑢& + 6:0 ; 𝑢6 = 𝑢* + &:0

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    Interpolation

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    Degrees of freedom
    # #
    • 𝑢 = 1− 𝑢& + ×𝑢* can also be written as
    $ $
    𝑢 = 𝑎( + 𝑎& 𝑠
    where a1 and a2 are constants known as generalized coordinates
    or degrees of freedom, representing the number of independent
    quantities governing the spatial variation of the field
    • Similarly, for 2D case, the field 𝜙 for a:
    – three-noded triangular element
    𝜙 = 𝑎( + 𝑎& 𝑥 + 𝑎* 𝑦
    – four-noded rectangular element
    𝜙 = 𝑎( + 𝑎& 𝑥 + 𝑎* 𝑦 + 𝑎6 𝑥𝑦
    – Six-noded triangular element with midside nodes
    𝜙 = 𝑎( + 𝑎& 𝑥 + 𝑎* 𝑦 + 𝑎6 𝑥 & + 𝑎@ 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑎9 𝑦 &

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements


    Lecture 2 N. M. Anoop Krishnan

    Summary
    Ø FEA introduction

    Ø Methodology

    Ø Interpolation functions

    Ø Degree of freedom

    IIT Delhi CVL757 – Finite elements

    You might also like