Department of Education

National Capital Region

8 S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE

MARIK INA CITY

ENGLISH
First Quarter – Module 2
Using Conventions in Citing Sources

Writer: Analiza A. Cordilla

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino

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 What I Need to Know

Good day, learners of the English language! After this lesson, you will
be able to learn how to:

Use conventions in citing sources (EN8SS-IIIe-1.6)

In this lesson, you will learn concepts and do practice activities that will
help you accomplish the following:

a. identify and label the parts of in-text citations and reference list using
the APA style;
b. choose the appropriate reporting verbs when citing sources;
c. show respect for intellectual property rights by acknowledging
citations;
d. make use of proper in-text citations and reference list in
acknowledging sources of information;
e. write citations within or at the end of the sentence.

What I Know

Answer the short pre-assessment activity below to find out what you
already know about the topic.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What does the abbreviation APA stand for??

A. American Physiological Association
B. American Psychological Association
C. American Psychological Administration
D. American Psychosomatic Administration

2. Failure to properly acknowledge sources of information may result to –

A. cheating C. dishonesty
B. corruption D. plagiarism

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3. Which of the following is an example of the use of in-text citation?
A. It is the willingness to create a positive impact on somebody else’s
life that that makes us humans, unique of all creations (Palomar,
2015).
B. Miranda, E. (2015) English 9 Learner’s Material. Pasig: Department
of Education
C. Sarabia, N. (2015). Science 3 Kagamitan sa Pag-aaral. Science, 249
(4976), 1527-1533.
D. Knowledge Channel, (2020) K-Sixth Math Matters, off-air recording,
7 May, video.

4. The following statements are true about citing sources EXCEPT ONE.
A. Citing sources give credits to other person’s work and ideas.
B. Citing sources is a way of claiming the information from others as
it is your own.
C. Citing sources allow readers to track down the sources you used by
creating a bibliography or reference list.
D. Citing sources mean that you show, within the body of the text,
that you took words, ideas, figure, images, etc. from a source.

5. Which of the following citations show the correct way of referencing a

book with one author?
A. STARBOOKS-DOST-STII. “Documenting Research Sources” Last
July 8, 2020.
https://frontlearners.com/blended/pluginfile.php/4786/mod_reso
urce/ content/10/index.html
B. Miranda, E. (2015) English 9 Learner’s Material. Pasig: Department
of Education
C. Sarabia, N. (2015). Science 3 Kagamitan sa Pag-aaral. Science, 249
(4976), 1527-1533.
D. Knowledge Channel, (2020) K-Sixth Math Matters, off-air recording,
7 May, video

Lesson
Using Conventions in Citing Sources
1

What’s In

Let us have a quick review of the lesson on capitalization and

punctuation marks.

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 Rewrite each sentence by correcting its errors. Write your corrected
sentence inside the box.

1. I love shoes that are made in Marikina.

Answer:

2. Are you going to clean up your messy room!

Answer:

Always Remember:
➢ The first letter in a sentence and proper nouns should begin
with a _______________ letter.

➢ A declarative sentence should end with _____________

(punctuation mark). Whereas an interrogative sentence should
end in ____________ (punctuation mark).

In today’s lesson, you will learn about the use of conventions in citing
sources. This is also an important skill that you need to develop because
you will be tasked to write research papers or search for answers to an
assignment as you continue with your studies. It is essential that you know
how to acknowledge the sources of information that you will gather to avoid
plagiarism.

What’s New

A. Before Reading
Do you do some research whenever you are looking for answers for a
particular assignment or project? Have you tried looking for other ideas to support
your opinions? ______

B. During Reading
Guess the correct word by looking at the four pictures below.

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 1. B __ __ __

1. A __ __ __ __ R

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 2. __ E __ S __ __ E

C. Post Reading

Let’s Analyze
1. What kind of information do you get from a book?

Answer: _________________________________________________________

2. What does an author mean?

Answer: ________________________________________________________

3. What do you usually see on a web page?

Answer: ________________________________________________________

4. Why do you need to know the sources of information that we get

from a book or website?

Answer: ________________________________________________________

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 What Is It

If you were able to provide the important information in

acknowledging sources, then, you have just applied using writing
conventions in citing sources.

There are different styles in citing sources. The American

Psychological Association (APA) is the most commonly used style in
documentation in citing sources within social sciences like education,
business, psychology, etc.

Two areas in referencing source of written works:

1. In-text citations (within the body of the text)

2. Reference list or bibliography placed at the end of a paper

1. IN-TEXT CITATIONS

➢ A reference within the main body of the text and refers to a direct
quote or paraphrase. It includes the surname of the author and the
year of publication only if you are referring an idea from another work.

1.1. One author

Example: Citing within the sentence

Year of Publication
Author’s surname

Almonte (2015) says that “Personal challenges help one

become a better person. Recognizing these challenges would help
one become better prepared for life”. (p.30).

Page number from where the quotation is taken from

Example: Citing at the end of the sentence

To increase your effectiveness in responding to problems
which challenge, you need your innermost sense of self (Almonte,
2015).
Note: When quoting directly, put quotation marks (“ ”) around the quoted words.
Then, put the period outside the parenthesis.

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 1.2. Two authors
Examples:
Almonte and Flandez (2015) emphasize that the most
important component of defense is awareness.

1.3. Three or more authors

Example: citing within the sentence

One should capitalize his/her strengths and recognize
weaknesses. (Almonte, Flandez & Hermosa, 2015).
ampersand

Example: citing at the end of the sentence

One should capitalize his/her strengths and recognize
weaknesses (Almonte et. al., 2015).

1.4. Unknown date of publication

➢ Write the abbreviation “n.d.” when no date is given.

Example:
Almonte (n.d.) explains that being positive allows us
to be better persons as we capitalize on our strengths and as
we address our weakness to improve ourselves.

1.5. Use reporting verbs

➢ Use the most appropriate reporting verb depending on the intended

purpose of the author.

Examples:
Villa (2015) said that…
Bacungan (2016) stated that…
Gonzalez (2017) explains that…
Mallari et. al. (2018) further suggest that…

2. REFERENCE LIST
General Formatting Guidelines for APA Reference Lists:

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 ✓ Double space all entries
✓ Have the first line of each entry at the left margin; indent next
lines five spaces
✓ Use author’s full last name and the initial of his/her first name
only
✓ Separate the names of authors by a comma and put an
ampersand (&) before the last author’s name.
✓ If the author is unknown, write the title of the article first.
✓ Organize all entries alphabetically (by the first author’s
surname).
✓ Put a period after the end of each entry, unless the entry ends
with a web address.

a. Referencing an authored book with one author

General format: Author. Date of Publication. Title of the book.
Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:

Authors Year of Publication Book Title Place of Publication

Campo, P. C. et al. (2013). Science 8. Pasig City: Vibal Publishing

Publisher

b. Referencing an online source (webpage or website)

General format:
Last, F.M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title or page
title. Retrieved month day, year, from full URL

Example:

Author Year, Month Date Published Article Title

’

Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative effects of Facebook on

communication. Retrieved June 14, 2020 from
http://socialmedia.com

Retrieved month, day, year

URL
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What skill in writing is developed when the sources of information is
correctly cited? ___________________________________________________

What’s More

To help you master the skill of using writing conventions in citing

sources, answer the succeeding activities.

Activity 1

Identify and label the parts of the given in-text citations and reference
list that use the APA Style of citing sources.

a. ___________ c. ___________

1. Caraan, M. A. (2014). Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 3. Pasig:

Department of Education
e. ___________

d. __________
_

c. ___________ b. __________
_

2. According to Agoncillo (2012), “As proved by the official records,

some revolts were personally led by former barangay datus and
maharlikas, as well as babaylans or katalonans, who had lost
their prestige and power in the communities with the coming of the
Spaniards, and were supplanted by leaders chosen by the
Spaniards and by Spanish Friars” (p.107).

a. __________
_

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Activity 2
Write a list of references from the given information below. Number
one is done for you

1. A very important book written in 2015 by Edna Arthur DC

Sacatropes and many others. It was called: Science 3 Kagamitan
ng Mag-aaral. It was published in Pasig City Philippines by the
Department of Education.

Sacatropes, A. DC. et al. (2010). Science 3 Kagamitan

Answer: _________________________________________________
sa Pag-aaral. Philippines: Department of Education
_____________________________________________________

2. This book is called: English 3 Learner’s Material. It is written by

Mil Flores Ponciano and many others and published in 2017. Like
all books, it was published in the Philippines by the Department of
Education.
Answer: ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

3. A book written by Karen B. Villanueva and many others. It was

written in 2015 and the title of the book is: Celebrating Diversity
through World Literature. It was published in Quezon City,
Philippines by the Department of Education.
Answer: ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

4. This was published in 2015 in the Philippines and is a book by

Grace Anette B. Soriano. The title of the book is: A Journey
through Anglo-American Literature Learner’s Material and the
publisher was Department of Education.
Answer: ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

5. A book by Emmanuel P. Abuzo and many others, written in 2013.

The title is: Mathematics Learner’s Module. It is published by FEP
Printing Corporation in Pasig City, Philippines.
Answer: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

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Activity 3:

Write an in-text citation in APA style using the information below. Use the
most appropriate reporting verb.

Author: Liza R. Almonte

Date: 2015
Paraphrase: Challenges can be frightening
but they can be turned into
opportunities for you to discover more
about yourself.

1. Citation within the sentence

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

B. Directions: Write an APA reference from the given information below.

Source Webpage

Title “Phenomenology of paradigm shift in

teaching LEEP training in the division of
Guimaras”

Author Victor G. De Gracia Jr.

Date of Publication January 2017

Website https://www.knowledgechannel.org/dlsu-
impact-study

Answer:
__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned
▪ What is the importance of citing sources properly?
____________________________________________________________

▪ What is plagiarism?
____________________________________________________________

▪ How can you avoid plagiarism?

____________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
Apply what you have learned about using writing conventions in citing
sources by doing the activity below.

Answer the given question by writing at least three answers inside the
circle map.

Why do we need to learn

how to cite sources
correctly?

A circle map is used for defining words or concepts. It is also used for
brainstorming ideas.
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 Assessment
Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. In APA style, references should be written in what order?

A. alphabetical order
B. no particular order
C. chronological order by date of publication
D. alphabetical order by first author’s last name

2. In APA referencing, what does the abbreviation pp. stand for?

A. page C. paper
B. pages D. paragraph

3. What is the correct spacing between lines of a reference list?

A. 1.5 lines C. 3 lines
B. 2 lines D. Single

4. Which of the following punctuation marks separates a title and

subtitle in APA formatting?
A. a colon C. a hyphen
B. a comma D. a semi colon

5. You used a quotation from a book in your assignment. How would

you write the in-text citation?
A. author, title C. author, page number
B. author, year D. author, year, page number

6. Which information goes first when you are referencing a website?

A. URL C. title of the website
B. Year D. author/sponsor/organization

7. When should et al. be used in APA style?

A. when the source is unknown
B. when the source has one author
C. when the source has two authors
D. when the source has more than two authors

8. Complete the statement: “Citation means that a particular paper

has been _______”.
A. reproduced elsewhere
B. sold to another publisher
C. discussed orally by another author
D. quoted in another paper by another author

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 9. Which of the following has the correct usage of the APA STYLE in
IN-TEXT CITATION?

A. Mendoza (2015) points out that it is imperative that people

should know the basic information on how to tap nature’s
resources for their maximum use.
B. Paul Anthony Mendoza points out that it is imperative that
people should know the basic information on how to tap
nature’s resources for their maximum use.
C. Paul Anthony Mendoza (2018) points out that it is imperative
that people should know the basic information on how to tap
nature’s resources for their maximum use.
D. Paul Anthony Mendoza points out that “it is imperative that
people should know the basic information on how to tap
nature’s resources for their maximum use.” (2018).

10. If you were citing a website with an author without a publication

date, which of the following citation format would you use?

A. De Gracia Jr. V. G. (2017, April). Phenomenology of Paradigm

Shift in Teaching through LEEP Training in the Division of
Guimaras. Retrieved July 8, 2020
fromhttps://www.knowledgechannel.org/dlsu-impact-study
B. De Gracia Jr. Victor. G. (2017, April). Phenomenology of
Paradigm Shift in Teaching through LEEP Training in the
Division of Guimaras. Retrieved July 8, 2020
fromhttps://www.knowledgechannel.org/dlsu-impact-study
C. De Gracia Jr. V. G. (n.d). Phenomenology of Paradigm Shift in
Teaching through LEEP Training in the Division of Guimaras.
Retrieved July 8, 2020
fromhttps://www.knowledgechannel.org/dlsu-impact-study
D. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. (n.d). Phenomenology of Paradigm Shift
in Teaching through LEEP Training in the Division of Guimaras.
Retrieved July 8, 2020
fromhttps://www.knowledgechannel.org/dlsu-impact-study

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 Additional Activities

Choose from the box the specific reference section where you can find
the information about the topics in each item.

Filipiniana Internet Section Multimedia Section Periodicals

____________1. media blogs and web pages

____________2. daily news and magazines

____________3. virtual information that comes from anywhere

____________4. copies of rare books, manuscripts, periodicals in

optical discs such as CDs, VCDs, DVDs

____________5. religious files, annual reports, maps, and vertical files

on Philippine issues

References

1. STARBOOKS-DOST-STII. “Documenting Research Sources” Last

modified July 8, 2020.
https://frontlearners.com/blended/pluginfile.php/4786/mod_res
ource/content/10/index.html

2. LEEP – K to 12 on Knowledge Channel. “Primary and Secondary

Sources” Accessed July 8, 2020 from www.knowledgechannel.org

3. Almonte, Liza R. et al. (2015). A Journey through Anglo-American

Literature, English 9 Learner’s Material. Pasig: Department of
Education.

4. Almonte, Liza R. et al. (2015). Celebrating Diversity through World

Literature, English 10 Learner’s Material. Pasig: Department of
Education.

5. Sacatropes, Arthur DC. et al. (2015). Science 3. Pasig:

Department of Education.

6. Caraan, Maria Carla M. et al. (2014) Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao.

Pasig: Department of Education.
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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Analiza A. Cordilla (KNHS)

Editors: Marjorie Hannie T. Rarugal (PHS)
Glenda M. Trinidad (SH- SRNHS)

Internal Validator: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS- English)

External Validator: Bryan Joseph Keith B. Alonzo (PNU Professor)
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino (SRNHS)

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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