Quants

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NUMBER SYSTEM

1. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … + n = n(n + 1)/2
2. (1² + 2² + 3² + ….. + n²) = n ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1) / 6
3. (1³ + 2³ + 3³ + ….. + n³) = (n(n + 1)/ 2)²
4. (a + b)n = an + (nC1)an-1b + (nC2)an-2b² + … + (nCn-1)abn-1 + bn
5. Sum of first n odd numbers = n²
6. Sum of first n even numbers = n (n + 1)
7. a³ + b³ + c³ – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a² + b² + c² – ab – bc – ca)
8. The product of n consecutive integers is always divisible by n!
9. The sum of any number of even numbers is always even
10. The sum of even number of odd numbers is always even
11. The sum of odd number of odd numbers is always odd
12. If N is a composite number such that N = ap . bq . cr .... where a, b, c are prime factors of N and p,
q, r .... are positive integers, then
a. the number of factors of N is given by the expression (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ...
b. it can be expressed as the product of two factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1).....} ways
c. if N is a perfect square, it can be expressed
(i) as a product of two DIFFERENT factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ... - 1 } ways
(ii) as a product of two factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ... +1} ways
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d. sum of all factors of N =

e. the number of co-primes of N =

f. sum of the numbers in (e) =


g. It can be expressed as a product of two factors in 2 n–1, where ‘n’ is the number of different prime
factors of the given number N
 
ARITHMETIC
Ratio, Proportion and Variation
1. If a : b : : c : d, then ad = bc
2. If a : b : : c : d, then a + b : b : : c + d : d
3. If a : b : : c : d, then a - b : b : : c - d : d
4. If a : b : : c : d, then a + b : a - b : : c + d : c - d

5. If then  k=
 
Simple Interest and Compound Interest
I = Interest, P is Principle, A = Amount, n = number of years, r is rate of interest
1. Interest under
a) Simple interest, I = Pnr/100

b) Compound interest, I =
2. Amount under

a) Simple interest, A =

b) Compound interest, A = P
3. Effective rate of interest when compounding is done k times a year

Mixture and Alligation


1. If p1, p2 and p are the respective concentrations of the first mixture, second mixture and the final
mixture respectively, and q1 and q2 are the quantities of the first and the second mixtures respectively,
then Weighted Average (p)
p=
2. If C is the concentration after n dilutions, V is the original volume and x is the volume of liquid
replaced each time then

C=
 
Profit, Loss and Discount
1. Profit/Gain = (S.P.) – (C.P.)
2. Profit % = Profit/(C P)×100
3. S P = (100+gain % )/100 ×C P
4. C P = 100/(100+gain %)×S P
5. Loss = (C.P.) – (S.P.)
6. Loss % = Loss/(C.P.)×100
7. S P = (100-loss %)/100×C P
8. C P = 100/(100-loss %)×S P
Time, Speed and Distance
Distance = Speed x Time
Time = Distance/Speed

Relative Speed =
Percentage
To find what percentage of x is y: y/x × 100
Increase N by S % = N( 1+ S/100 )
Decrease N by S % = N (1 – S/100)

Time and Work


If A can do a piece of work in n days, then A’s 1 day’s work = 1/n
If A’s 1 day’s work =1/n, then A can finish the work in n days.
 
Average

Race
Linear Race:
Circular Race:

 
ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equations

1. If a, b and c are all rational and x + is an irrational root of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then x - is the
other root

2. If α and β are the roots of ax² + bx + c = 0, then α + β = and αβ =

3. When a > 0, ax² + bx + c has a minimum value equal to at x =

4. When a < 0, ax² + bx + c has a maximum value equal to at x =


Logarithm
 
GEOMETRY

1.   In a triangle ABC, if AD is the angular bisector, then


2. In a triangle ABC, if E and F are the points of AB and AC respectively and EF is parallel to BC,

then
3. In a triangle ABC, if AD is the median, then AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2)
4. In parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus and square, the diagonals bisect each other
5. Sum of all the angles in a polygon is (2n – 4)90

6. Exterior angle of a polygon is

7. Interior angle of a polygon is

8. Number of diagonals of a polygon is


9. The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by the arc in the
remaining part of the circle
10. Angles in the same segment are equal
11. The angle subtended by the diameter of the circle is 90°
 
MENSURATION
1. Plane Figures

2. Solids
 
C0-ordinate Geometry, Functions and Graphs, Trigonometry
1. If a point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m : n, then x

= and y = , positive sign for internal division and negative sign for external division

2. The area of a triangle with the vertices at (0, 0), (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is Δ =
3. The coordinates of the centroid C(x, y) of a triangle ABC formed by joining the points

A(x1, y1); B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are given by

4. The slope of line with points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) lying on it is m =
5. If m1 and m2 are the slopes of two lines L1 and L2 respectively, then the angle ‘θ’ between them is

given by tanθ =
6. The equation of the x-axis is y = 0 and that of y-axis is x = 0
7. The equation of a line parallel to x-axis is of the form y = b and that of a line parallel to y-axis is of
the form x = a (a and b are some constants)
8. Point slope form of a line: y – y1 = m (x – x1)
9. Two point form of a line:
10. Slope intercept form of a line: y = mx + b

11. Intercept form of a line :


12. Two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are

(i) parallel if or m1= m2


(ii) perpendicular if a1 a2 + b1 b2 = 0 or m1 m2 = -1
13. The distance between two parallel lines of the form ax + by +c1 = 0 and ax + by + c2 = 0 is given

by
14. If ax + by + c = 0 is the equation of a line, then the perpendicular distance of a point (x1, y1) from

the line is given by

15. sine rule : = 2R, where R is the circumradius of triangle ABC

16. cosine rule : cosA = , similarly cosB and cosC can be defined


 
PROGRESSIONS
Arithmetic Progression (A.P)
a is the first term, d is the last term and n is the number of terms
1. Tn = a + (n – 1)d

2. Sn = =
3. Tn = Sn – S(n-1)
4. Sn = A.M  * n
Geometric Progression (G.P)
a is the first term, r is the common ratio and n is the number of terms
5.

6.
Harmonic Progression (H.P)

7. H.M of a and b =
8. A.M > G.M > H.M
9. (G.M)² = (A.M) (H.M)

10. Sum of first n natural numbers Σn =

11. Sum of squares of first n natural numbers ∑n²=

12. Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers ∑n³ = = (∑n)²


 
PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATIONS, PROBABILITY
1. n (A∪B) = n (A) + n (B) – n (A∩B)
2. If A and B are two tasks that must be performed such that A can be performed in 'p' ways and for
each possible way of performing A, say there are 'q' ways of performing B, then the two tasks A and B
can be performed in p × q ways
3. The number of ways of dividing (p + q) items into two groups containing p and q items respectively

is

4. The number of ways of dividing 2p items into two equal groups of p each is , when the two

groups have distinct identity and  , when the two groups do not have distinct identity

5.
6. The total number of ways in which a selection can be made by taking some or all out of (p + q + r
+ .....) items where p are alike of one kind, q alike of a second kind, r alike of a third kind and so on is
{(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ....} - 1

7. P(Event) = and 0 ≤ P(Event) ≤ 1


8. P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B), if A and B are independent events
9. P(A ∪ B) = 1, if A and B are exhaustive events
 
SET THEORY
The Demorgan’s Law is the basic and most important formula for sets, which is defined as
(A ∩ B) ‘ = A’ U B’ and (A U B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
The relation R⊂A×AR⊂A×A is said to be called as:
• Reflexive Relation: If a R a ∀∀ a ∈∈ A.
• Symmetric Relation: If aRb, then bRa ∀∀ a, b ∈∈ A.
• Transitive Relation: If aRb, bRc, then aRc ∀∀ a, b, c ∈∈ A.
If any relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive in a given set A, then that relation is known as
equivalence relation.

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