Nama : Rivansyah Prambudi Ahmad

NIM : 180311

Homework Ekstrction

REVIEW

19.18. What is extrusion?

Suatu pembentukan logam dengan cara dibentuk dengan gaya/gaya tekan pada suatu lubang
cetakan seperti pasta

19.19. Distinguish between direct and indirect extrusion.

Perbedaan yang paling terlihat adalah output dari benda kerja, jika direct maka output keluar dari
belakang, sedangkan indirect dari depan satu tempat dimana alat penekan masuk, lalu tempat
shape/cetakan yang berbeda

19.20. Name some products that are produced by extrusion.

PIPA, pipa logam yang terbuat dari besi, poros, tiang untuk menahan genting

19.21. Why is friction a factor in determining the ram force in direct extrusion but not a factor in
indirect extrusion?

Billet/bahan ekstruksi karena terjepit ke dinding, menahan bahan menuju cetakan, sedangkan
indirect tidak ada gesekan karena bergerak relative dengan container dan shapenya di atas

19.22. What does the centerburst defect in extrusion have in common with the roll piercing process?

Sama sama dari faktor tegangan yang diakibatkan oleh tekan yang mengakibatkan pada penampang
luar silinder dimana tegangan Tarik sangat tinggi pada bagian dalam silinder

Problems

19.23 A cylindrical billet that is 100 mm long and 50 mm in diameter is reduced by indirect
(backward) extrusion to a 20 mm diameter. The die angle is 90°. The Johnson equation has a = 0.8
and b = 1.4, and the flow curve for the work metal has a strength coefficient of 800 MPa and strain
hardening exponent of 0.13. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain (homogeneous
deformation), (c) extrusion strain, (d) ram pressure, and (e) ram force.

19.24 A 3.0-in long cylindrical billet whose diameter = 1.5 in is reduced by indirect extrusion to a
diameter = 0.375 in. Die angle = 90°. In the Johnson equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.5. In the flow curve
for the work metal, K = 75,000 lb/in2 and n = 0.25. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain
(homogeneous deformation), (c) extrusion strain, (d) ram pressure, (e) ram force, and (f) power if
the ram speed = 20 in/min

19.25 A billet that is 75 mm long with diameter = 35 mm is direct extruded to a diameter of 20 mm.
The extrusion die has a die angle = 75°. For the work metal, K = 600 MPa and n = 0.25. In the Johnson
extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.4. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain
(homogeneous deformation), (c) extrusion strain, and (d) ram pressure at L = 70, 40, and 10 mm.
19.26 A 2.0-in long billet with diameter = 1.25 in is direct extruded to a diameter of 0.50 in. The
extrusion die angle = 90°. For the work metal, K = 45,000 lb/in2, and n = 0.20. In the Johnson
extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.5. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain
(homogeneous deformation), (c) extrusion strain, and (d) ram pressure at L = 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5 and
zero in.

19.27 A direct extrusion operation is performed on a cylindrical billet with an initial diameter of 2.0
in and an initial length of 4.0 in. The die angle = 60° and orifice diameter is 0.50 in. In the Johnson
extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.5. The operation is carried out hot and the hot metal
yields at 13,000 lb/in2 and does not strain harden when hot. (a) What is the extrusion ratio? (b)
Determine the ram position at the point when the metal has been compressed into the cone of the
die and starts to extrude through the die opening. (c) What is the ram pressure corresponding to this
position? (d) Also determine the length of the final part if the ram stops its forward movement at the
start of the die cone.

19.28 An indirect extrusion process starts with an aluminum billet with diameter = 2.0 in and length
= 3.0 in. Final cross-section after extrusion is a square with 1.0 in on a side. The die angle = 90°. The
operation is performed cold and the strength coefficient of the metal K = 26,000 lb/in2 and strain
hardening exponent n = 0.20. In the Johnson extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.2. (a)
Compute the extrusion ratio, true strain, and extrusion strain. (b) What is the shape factor of the
product? (c) If the butt left in the container at the end of the stroke is 0.5 in thick, what is the length
of the extruded section? (d) Determine the ram pressure in the process

19.29 An L-shaped structural section is direct extruded from an aluminum billet in which Lo = 250
mm and Do = 88 mm. Dimensions of the cross-section are given in Figure P19.29. Die angle = 90°.
Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) shape factor, and (c) length of the extruded section if the butt
remaining in the container at the end of the ram stroke is 25 mm

19.30 The flow curve parameters for the aluminum alloy of Problem 19.29 are: K = 240 MPa and n =
0.16. If the die angle in this operation = 90°, and the corresponding Johnson strain equation has
constants a = 0.8 and b = 1.5, compute the maximum force required to drive the ram forward at the
start of extrusion.

19.31 A cup-shaped part is backward extruded from an aluminum slug that is 50 mm in diameter.
The final dimensions of the cup are: OD = 50 mm, ID = 40 mm, height = 100 mm, and thickness of
base = 5 mm. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) shape factor, and (c) height of starting slug required
to achieve the final dimensions. (d) If the metal has flow curve parameters K = 400 MPa and n = 0.25,
and the constants in the Johnson extrusion strain equation are: a = 0.8 and b = 1.5, determine the
extrusion force

19.32 Determine the shape factor for each of the extrusion die orifice shapes in Figure P19.32.
19.33 A direct extrusion operation produces the cross section shown in Figure P19.32(a) from a brass
billet whose diameter = 125 mm and length = 350 mm. The flow curve parameters of the brass are K
= 700 MPa and n = 0.35. In the Johnson strain equation, a = 0.7 and b = 1.4. Determine (a) the
extrusion ratio, (b) the shape factor, (c) the force required to drive the ram forward during extrusion
at the point in the process when the billet length remaining in the container = 300 mm, and (d) the
length of the extruded section at the end of the operation if the volume of the butt left in the
container is 600,000 mm3 .

19.34 In a direct extrusion operation the cross section shown in Figure P19.32(b) is produced from a
copper billet whose diameter = 100 mm and length = 500 mm. In the flow curve for copper, the
strength coefficient = 300 MPa and strain hardening exponent = 0.50. In the Johnson strain equation,
a = 0.8 and b = 1.5. Determine (a) the extrusion ratio, (b) the shape factor, (c) the force required to
drive the ram forward during extrusion at the point in the process when the billet length remaining
in the container = 450 mm, and (d) the length of the extruded section at the end of the operation if
the volume of the butt left in the container is 350,000 mm3

19.35 A direct extrusion operation produces the cross section shown in Figure P19.32(c) from an
aluminum billet whose diameter = 150 mm and length = 500 mm. The flow curve parameters for the
aluminum are K = 240 MPa and n = 0.16. In the Johnson strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.2.
Determine (a) the extrusion ratio, (b) the shape factor, (c) the force required to drive the ram
forward during extrusion at the point in the process when the billet length remaining in the
container = 400 mm, and (d) the length of the extruded section at the end of the operation if the
volume of the butt left in the container is 600,000 mm3

19.36 A direct extrusion operation produces the cross section shown in Figure P19.32(d) from an
aluminum billet whose diameter = 150 mm and length = 900 mm. The flow curve parameters for the
aluminum are K = 240 MPa and n = 0.16. In the Johnson strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.5.
Determine (a) the extrusion ratio, (b) the shape factor, (c) the force required to drive the ram
forward during extrusion at the point in the process when the billet length remaining in the
container = 850 mm, and (d) the length of the extruded section at the end of the operation if the
volume of the butt left in the container is 600,000 mm3 .

Jawab :