Homework #2 (Due to 2017/11/09)

Chapter 3:

3-1 Use Fig. 1.3-1 to find the viscosity in Pas of CH3F at 420 oC and 120 atm. The following
values for critical constants: TC=4.55 oC, PC=58.0 atm, C=0.300 g/cm3. [10%]

[Sol’n]

  34.03 0.3=113.4 cm3 /mol

From the question  TC  4.55  273.15  277.7 K ; PC  58 atm ; VC

 C  ?
 C  61.6  34.03  277.7  113.4   255.6 p
0.5 2 3
(eq. 1.3-1a)
 C  7.70  34.03  58   277.7   263.5 p
0.5 23 1 6
(eq. 1.3-1b)
 Pr  P PC  120 / 58  2.07
Tr  T TC   420  273.15  277.7  2.50
 From Figure 1.3-1   r  1.20
 r  1.20    C    1.20  255.6 106  3.07 104 g/cm  s  3.07  105 Pa  s
3-2 Predict the viscosities (in cp) of chlorine-air mixtures at 75 oF and 1 atm, for the
following mole fractions of chlorine: 0.00, 0.25, 0.75, 1.00. [30%]

[Sol’n]:
From eq. 1.4-14 and Table E1 and E2, we can know that the viscosities at 75 oF and 1 atm are
o
For component 1 (Cl2 ), M1  70.91 g/mol, 1  4.115 A, 1 k  357 K
 kT 1  297.03 357  0.832, 1  1.754 and
70.91 297.03
1  2.6693  105  1.304  102 cp
 4.115 1.754
2

o
For component 2 (air), M1  28.97 g/mol, 1  3.617 A, 1 k  97 K
 kT 1  297.03 97  3.062, 1  1.033 and
28.97  297.03
1  2.6693  105  1.832 102 cp
 3.617  1.033
2

For eq. 1.4-16, it gives the following coefficients for eq. 1.4-15
11   22  1.0
1 2
1  70.91 

2   0.01304 0.5  28.97 0.25 
12  1   1        0.5339
8  28.97    0.01832   70.91  
 21  1.8360
By using eq. 1.4-15, giving the predicted mixture viscosities

x11 x 2 2
x1  x1

 x   2
  x 1  x   2 mix (cp)
 

0 0.5339 1.000 0 0.01832 0.0183

0.25 0.6504 1.209 0.005012 0.011365 0.0164
0.75 0.8835 1.627 0.011070 0.002815 0.0139
1.00 1.000 1.836 0.01304 0 0.0130
3-3 Calculate the mean molecular velocity (in cm/s) and the mean free path (in cm) for Ar at
1 atm and 273.2 K. Assume the reasonable value for the diameter of Ar is 5Å. [10%]

[Sol’n]:
The mean molecular velocity u is
8RT 8  8.314  107  273.2
u   3.81104 cm/s
M  39.948
The mean free path of At at 1 atm, 273.2 K is
RT 82.0578  273.2
   3.35 106 cm
2d PN A 2  5  10  1  6.02 10 
2 8 2 23
Chapter 4

4-1 (a) A spherical tank filled with oil has a diameter of 2.5 m. The top of the tank is vented
to the atmosphere. The density of the oil is 0.922 g/cm3. Please calculate the pressure at
the bottom of the spherical tank by SI unit. [5%]; (b) A sea lab 5.0 m high is to be
designed to withstand submersion to 150 m, measured from sea level to the top of the sea
lab. Calculate the pressure on top of the sea lab and also the pressure variation on the side
of the container measured as the distance x in m from the top of the sea lab downward.
The density of seawater is 1020 kg/m3.[5%]

[Sol’n]:
(a)

P0  14.72 pisa  101.5 103 N m 2

 kg   m  N  N
Pbtm  gh  P0   0.922 100 3    9.8 2    2.5 m   101.5 103 2   1.2409 105 2
 m   s   m  m

(b)
 N   kg   m N
P1  Patm  sea  g  h   1.01105 2   1020 3    9.8 2   150 m   1.60 106
 m   m   s  m2
 kg   m N
p  Patm  sea  g  h   1020 3    9.8 2   150  x   1.01105  10003 150  x 
 m   s  m2
4-2 Consider the flow of a liquid down an inclined flat plate of length L and width W, as
shown in the following figure. Show that the velocity profile and the average velocity.
[20%]

[Sol’n]:

From continuity equation:

 
  v   0  Steady-state and  is constant 
t

 v  0
v x v y v z
  0
x y z
v z
 The flow is fully developed, v x  v y  0  0
z
Taking momentum shell balance:
 xz yz x  xz yz x x   g cos xyz  v z v z xy z  v z v z xy 0
 z z 

xyz and lim 

x,y,z 0

  xz   xz x   v z v z xy  v z v z xy 
z z
lim  x  x
  g cos   lim  z
 0
y 0
 y 
x 0
  z 
 
xz   vz vz  v
  g cos     z  0 from Continuity equation
x z z
 xz
 g cos 
x

 xz  g cos   xz  g cos x  C1
x

B.C.1: x  ,  xz  0  C1  g cos 
v z  v 
  yx   in this case  z is positive in this coordinates setting, we do not add "  "in shear stress definition 
x  x 

v z  x 1  x2 
 yx    g cos   g cos x  g cos  1    v z  g cos   x    C2
x     2 

B.C.2 : x  0, v z  0  C2  0

1  x 2  2  x 1  x 2 
 vz  g cos   x    g cos      
  2     2    
W 

  v dydz
x
1 g2 cos 
vz  0 0
W 

3 
  dydz
0 0
4-3 Consider a steady-state, laminar flow of a fluid of constant density  and viscosity  in a
vertical tube of length L and radius R. The liquid flows downward under the influence
of pressure difference and gravity and the flow pattern is Bingham fluid model. The
coordinate system is shown in the following figure. [20%]

We specify the tube length be very large with respect to the tube radius. Please find out
the velocity profile.

[Sol’n]:

For axial flow in cylindrical coordinates 

d P P
 rrz    r   r, where P = P  gz
dr z L
P C
 rz   r 1
2L r
P
 r  0, rz is finite  C1  0  rz   r
2L
For Binghan model, the conditions rare
dv z
 0 if rz  0 , r  r0
dr
dv
rz   0 z  0 if rz   0 , r  r0
dr
 P 
and at r  r0  rz  0  0     r0
 2L 
dv
(I) Inner region ( r  r0 )  zi  0  v zi  C2
dr
(2) Outer region ( r  r0 ) 
dv zo P dv 1  P  1  P  0
r0  r  R, rz   0  0   r  zo     2L r  0       2L  r  
dr 2L dr 0 0 0

1  P  2 0
 v zo     r  r  C3
2 0  2L  0

1  P  2 0 1  P  2 0
B.C.1: r  R, v zo  0     R  R  C3  0  C3   R  R
2 0  2L  0 2 0  2L  0

1  P  2 0 1  P  2 0 1  P  2   r   0 
2
r
 v zo      r  r     R  R  v          R 1  
R 1 
2 0  2L  0 2 0  2L  0 2 0  2L    R    0  R 
zo

1  P  2   r0   0  r0   P 
2

B.C.2: r  r0 , v z0  v zi  C2    R 1      R 1   and 0     r0
2 0  2L    R    0  R   2L 

1  P  2   r0   1  P   r0  1  P  R
2 2
 r0 
2
 v zi     R 1        0 
r R 1       1  R 
2 0  2L    R    0  2L   R   0  2L  2