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    Planck Discovers The Quantum of Action file:///home/igor/Public/webstrodjel/dokumenti/Plan..

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    Victor Vizcarra
    This document discusses Planck's derivation of the values of the universal constants h (Planck's constant) and k (Boltzmann's constant) based on measurements of blackbody radiation. It describes experiments that measured the total energy radiated from a black body at different temperatures. Using these measurements and equations relating radiation energy to temperature, Planck calculated numerical values of h = 6.55 x 10-27 erg∙sec and k = 1.346 x 10-16 erg/deg. These values matched what Planck had previously reported.

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    Planck Discovers The Quantum of Action file:///home/igor/Public/webstrodjel/dokumenti/Plan..

    Uploaded by

    Victor Vizcarra
    62 views3 pages
    This document discusses Planck's derivation of the values of the universal constants h (Planck's constant) and k (Boltzmann's constant) based on measurements of blackbody radiation. It describes experiments that measured the total energy radiated from a black body at different temperatures. Using these measurements and equations relating radiation energy to temperature, Planck calculated numerical values of h = 6.55 x 10-27 erg∙sec and k = 1.346 x 10-16 erg/deg. These values matched what Planck had previously reported.

    Original Description:

    Quinta parte do artigo de Max Planck

    Original Title

    Planck_parte 5

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    This document discusses Planck's derivation of the values of the universal constants h (Planck's constant) and k (Boltzmann's constant) based on measurements of blackbody radiation. It describes experiments that measured the total energy radiated from a black body at different temperatures. Using these measurements and equations relating radiation energy to temperature, Planck calculated numerical values of h = 6.55 x 10-27 erg∙sec and k = 1.346 x 10-16 erg/deg. These values matched what Planck had previously reported.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views3 pages

    Planck Discovers The Quantum of Action file:///home/igor/Public/webstrodjel/dokumenti/Plan..

    Uploaded by

    Victor Vizcarra
    This document discusses Planck's derivation of the values of the universal constants h (Planck's constant) and k (Boltzmann's constant) based on measurements of blackbody radiation. It describes experiments that measured the total energy radiated from a black body at different temperatures. Using these measurements and equations relating radiation energy to temperature, Planck calculated numerical values of h = 6.55 x 10-27 erg∙sec and k = 1.346 x 10-16 erg/deg. These values matched what Planck had previously reported.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Planck Discovers the Quantum of Action file:///home/igor/Public/webstrodjel/dokumenti/Plan...

    I plan to derive elsewhere the expressions for the intensity and entropy of
    radiation progressing in a diathermic medium, as well as the theorem for the
    increase of total entropy in nonstationary radiation processes.

    III. Numerical Values

    §11. The values of both universal constants h and k may be calculated rather
    precisely with the aid of available measurements. F. Kurlbaum,14 designating
    the total energy radiating into air from 1 sq cm of a black body at temperature
    t°C in 1 sec by St, found that:

    S100 - S0 = 0.0731 watt/cm2 = 7.31 x 10 5 erg/cm2 . sec

    From this one can obtain the energy density of the total radiation energy in air
    at the absolute temperature 1:

    4 . 7.31 . 10 5
    -------------------------- = 7.061 . 10¯15 erg/cm3 . deg4
    3 . 10 10(373 4 - 273 4)

    On the other hand, according to equation (12) the energy density of the total
    radiant energy for q = 1 is:

    and by termwise integration:

    If we set this equal to 7.061 . 10¯15, then, since c = 3 . 10 10 cm/sec, we

    9 of 11 04/16/2010 12:15 PM
    Planck Discovers the Quantum of Action file:///home/igor/Public/webstrodjel/dokumenti/Plan...

    obtain:

    k4
    (#14) ------ = 1.1682 . 10 15

    h3
    §12. O. Lummer and E. Pringswim15 determined the product lmq, where lm is
    the wavelength of maximum energy in air at temperature 0, to be 2940 micron
    .
    degree. Thus, in absolute measure:

    lm = 0.294 cm . deg

    On the other hand, it follows from equation (13), when one sets the derivative
    of E with respect to q equal to zero, thereby finding l = lm

    and from this transcendental equation:

    lmq = ch / 4.9651k

    consequently:

    h / k = (4.9561 . 0.294) / 3 . 10 10 = 4.866 . 10¯11

    From this and from equation (14) the values for the universal constants
    become:

    (#15) h = 6.55 . 10¯27 erg . sec

    (#16) k = 1.346 . 10¯16 erg/deg

    These are the same number that I indicated in my earlier communication.

    Citations
    1
    O. Lummer and E. Pringsheim, Transactions of the German Physical Society 2 (1900), p. 163
    2
    H. Rubens and F. Kurlbaum, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Science, Berlin, October 25,

    10 of 11 04/16/2010 12:15 PM
    Planck Discovers the Quantum of Action file:///home/igor/Public/webstrodjel/dokumenti/Plan...

    1900, p. 929.
    3
    H. Beckmann, Inaugural dissertation, Tübingen 1898. See also H. Rubens, Weid. Ann. 69 (1899)
    p. 582.
    4
    M. Planck, Ann. d. Phys. 1 (1900), p. 719.
    5
    Compare with equation (8).
    6
    M. Planck, loc. cit., pp. 730 ff.
    7
    Moreover one should compare the critiques previously made of this theorem by W. Wien (Report
    of the Paris Congress 2, 1900, p. 40) and by O. Lummer (loc. cit., 1900, p.92.).
    8
    L. Boltzmann, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Science, Vienna, (II) 76 (1877 ), p. 428.
    9
    Joh. v. Kries, The Principles of Probability Calculation (Freiburg, 1886), p. 36.
    10
    W. Wien, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Science, Berlin, February 9, 1893, p. 55.
    11
    M. Thiesen, Transactions of the German Physical Society 2 (1900), p. 66.
    12
    Perhaps one should speak more appropriately of a "white" radiation, to generalize what one
    already understands by total white light.
    13
    M. Planck, Ann. D. Phys. 1 (1900), p. 99.
    14
    F. Kurlbaum, Wied. Ann. 65 (1898), p. 759.
    15
    O. Lummer and Pringsheim, Transactions of the German Physical Society 2 (1900), p. 176.

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