Understanding Culture, Society and Politics– Grade 11

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Quarter 1- Module 4: Becoming A Member of Society
First Edition, 2020

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ii
UNDERTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY AND POLITICS

Quarter 1- Module 4

Becoming A Member of Society

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders
to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at [email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

iii
 Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Pre test 2

Lesson 1 – Socialization and Enculturation 3

Activity 1.1 4
Lesson Concept 4-5
Activity1.2 6
Activity1.3 6
Activity1.4 7

Lesson 2 – Conformity and Deviance 8

Activity 2.1 8
Lesson Concept 8-10
Activity 2.2 10
Activity 2.3 10

Lesson 3 – Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good 11

Activity 3.1 11
Lesson Concept 11-12
Activity 3.2 13
Activity 3.3 14

Summary 16

Glossary 17

Post Test 18

Midterm Exam 19-22

Key Answers 23

References 24-25

iv
 Module 4
Becoming A Member of Society

What I Need To Know

The society is composed of people who play different roles in order to attain
economic development as well as peace and stability. The role and interaction of different
agents of socialization are very important in the holistic development of every individual.

This module contains some activities that can help students recognize on various
social processes of becoming a member of society and identify social goals as well as the
socially appropriate means to realize these goals, campaign for inclusive citizenship, and
embrace protection of human dignity, rights and the common good.

This module has three lessons:

 Lesson 1- Socialization and Enculturation
 Lesson 2- Conformity and Deviance
 Lesson 3- Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good

After studying this module, the learners will be able to:

1. describe the development of one’s self and others as a product of socialization

and enculturation;
2. identify the social goals and the socially acceptable means of achieving these
goals;
3. advocate inclusive citizenship; and
4. promote protection of human dignity, rights, and the common good.

To attain the objectives of this module, do the following:

 Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
 Answer all the given tests and exercises.
 Familiarize yourself with the following terms

1
 What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Choose the letter of your correct answer from among the choices given.
Write your answers on your paper.
1. It is the process of learning skills and social roles
A. Assimilation C. Socialization
B. Accommodation D. Mobilization
2. It is the process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and
assimilates its practices and values
A. Socialization C. Norms
B. Enculturation D. Values
3. It is made possible through special abilities or talents, performance and
opportunities.
A. Achieved Status C. Prescribed Status
B. Ascribed Status D. Recognized Status
4. It is defined as an act that violates a social norm.
A. Deviance C. Cooperation
B. Conformity D. Conflict
5. These include society’s standards of morality, good manners, legality, and integrity.
A. Norms C. Statuses
B. Values D. Roles
6. These are norms that regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct.
A. Folkways C. Mores
B. Laws D. Values
7. They involve the pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship with one or
more persons occupying other statuses.
A. Norms C. Statuses
B. Values D. Roles
8. These are rights an individual enjoys such as the right to vote and the right to be
voted into public office.
A. Economic rights C. Civil Rights
B. Statutory Rights D. Political Rights
9. This is an essential concept in the society as well as in morality, because through it
the quality and honor of the people can be determined.
A. Money C. Human Dignity
B. Religion D. Humanity
10. It is the sum total of the conditions of social life which enable people to enjoy basic
human rights as members of the society.
A. Common Good C. People’s welfare
B. Economic Development D. Peace and Order
2
 2
Lesson 1
Socialization and Enculturation

Content 1. The learners demonstrate an understanding of how individuals learn

Standard culture and become competent members of society.
Performance 1. Identify norms and values to be observed in interacting with others in
Standard society, and the consequences of ignoring the rules;
Learning 1. Explain the development of one’s self and others as a product of
Competency socialization and enculturation UCSP11/12BMS-Ig-15
2. Identify the context, content, processes, and consequences of
socialization and enculturation UCSP11/12BMS-Ig-16

What’s New

Activity 1.1: Picture Analysis

Direction: Write your answers on the spaces provided for.

1. Analyze the picture below. What is it all about? __________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Can you relate to this image or picture? Why or why not? __________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Does it have an effect or impact on you? If yes, what is its relevance to you as
a member of the community? ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

https://brewminate.com/the-sociology-of-socialization/
3
 What to learn

A human being should not live by himself or herself because he or she is a social
being who needs other people. Baleña, E. et. al. (2016) stresses that for man to survive,
and to develop himself or herself as a human being, there is a need for social interaction.
He or she should be with others and interacts with them in order to realize his or her dreams
and to withstand whatever adversities encountered in life in a given society. Lanuza and
Raymundo (2016) expounds that to become a full member of a society, he or she has to
acquire and learn all the necessary social roles and skills. The process of learning these
skills and social roles is called socialization. Socialization is a process in which society
molds the individual to conform to established social norms and rules.

Brinkerhoff et. al. (2011) defines socialization as a process through which people
learn the rules and practices needed to participate successfully in their culture and society.
Its process is very essential in man’s daily life because it teaches man how to behave and
act within our society. Consequently, if he or she does know how to socialize and conform
to standards, his or her actions may impede social order.

Santarita and Madrid (2016) describes that socialization takes place when
prospective culture bearers learn the body of knowledge and skills through education,
training, exposure, and experience; while enculturation, occurs when cultural knowledge
is passed on to the next bearer who will perpetuate and ensure the continuation of culture.
Both socialization and enculturation result to identity formation, developing norms and
values, and statuses and roles:

A. Identity Formation
An individual’s identity is formed through his interactions with others. One’s
socialization with individuals or groups allows him or her to imbibe certain
characteristics and interests that contribute to his or her identity. For example, the
centuries of Philippine Chinese exposure to Filipino culture made them imbibe facets
of Filipino character in the same way Filipino learned to love Chinese culture like
food such as preference for noodle-based cuisine like pancit (Newman, 2012 as
cited by Santarita and Madrid).

B. Norms and Values

Norms are those culturally determined rules that guide people regarding
what is “right”, “wrong”, “proper”, “improper”. They create predictability in daily affairs
and interactions, making it easier to live with other members of society. They are
fundamental to the establishment of social order in any societies (Newman, 2012 as
cited by Santarita and Madrid). These include society’s standards of morality, good
manners, legality, and integrity. The following are forms of norms:

4
 * customary patterns that specify what is socially correct
Folkways and proper in everyday life.
* repetitive or typical habits and patterns of expected
behavior followed within a group or community.
* define what is morally right and morally wrong.
Mores * standards of conduct with ethical and moral significance

Laws * regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct.

Source: Palispis, Epitacio S. (2007)

Schaefer (2012) delineates cultural values as collective conceptions of what

is considered good, desirable, and proper- or bad, undesirable and improper. It
reveals on what preferences people should pursue which are vital for their continued
existence. With the favorable norms and values in a society, all people are expected
to conform, follow and practice them.

C. Statuses and Roles

A status is any position that an individual can occupy in society. It is not a

ranked position, but simply a label that implies certain roles that must be performed
(Newman, 2012). For example, one can be a student, singer, or a computer genius.
Though some statuses are generally recognized as prestigious, prestige like beauty
is certainly relative or depends in the eye of the beholder (Santarita and Madrid,
2016). Social Statuses can be classified into two:

Ascribed Statuses Achieved Statuses

* assigned to the individual from * acquired by choice, merit, or
birth such as age and sex individual effort

* involve little personal choice like * made possible through special

age and sex abilities or talents,
performance or opportunities

* carry with them certain * choice in occupation,

expectations of behavior marriage, joining a religious
organization are examples

Source: Panopio, et. Al. (1994)

Role, on the other hand, involves the pattern of expected behavior in a social
relationship with one or more persons occupying other statuses. (Panopio, 1994). It
is what the individual is expected to do, given his status (Arcinas, M., 2016).
5
 What you will do

Activity 1.2: True or False

Directions: Draw a circle if the statement is correct, and if it is incorrect on the

space provided for. Two points each.
________ 1. The process of learning these skills and social roles is called enculturation.
________ 2. Socialization is the process by which an individual learns culture and
assimilates its practices and values.
________ 3. Statuses are those culturally determined rules that guide people regarding
what is “right”, “wrong”, “proper”, “improper”.
________ 4. Laws regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct.
________ 5. Folkways involve the pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship
with one or more persons occupying other statuses.

Activity 1.3: Venn diagram

Directions: Compare and contrast Enculturation and Socialization using the Venn
diagram below.

A and B –Differences
C – Similarities

Enculturation Socialization

A C B

6
 Activity 1.4: Slogan-Making

Directions: Make a slogan with a design that will provide your idea or understanding on
the significance of norms and values in interacting with others in society,
and the consequences of ignoring the rules.

RUBRIC FOR GRADING:

Criteria Score
Relevance of the Text 10
Interpretation of the Theme 5
Design 5
Over-all Impact/ Outcome 5__
TOTAL SCORE 25

7
 Lesson 2
Conformity and Deviance

Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of how individuals learn

Standard culture and become competent members of society.

Performance Identify norms and values to be observed in interacting with others in

Standard society, and the consequences of ignoring the rules;

Learning Identify the social goals and the socially acceptable means of achieving
Competency these goals UCSP11/12BMS-Ih-17

What you will do

Activity 2.1: In one to two sentences, answer the questions clearly. Write your answers
on the spaces given.

1. As a student, can you say that you have followed the rules and regulations of
the school? Why or why not? ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. If you have not obeyed these rules and regulations, what would be the
consequences? _____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

What to learn

A. Social Control

Merriam Webster Dictionary defines conformity as an action in accordance with

some specified standard or authority. This indicates that conformity is a type of social
influence through which group members come to share similar beliefs and standards of
behavior.

According to Saluba, Dennis J. et al. (2016), one conforms if he or she chooses a

course of action that a majority favors or that which is socially acceptable. Oppositely, the
8
person deviates when he or she performs a course of action that is not socially acceptable
or that majority finds unfavorable.

To prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior, there has to be an effective means

of social control. Schaefer (2012) refers social control as the techniques and strategies for
preventing deviant behavior n any society. Merriam-Webster dictionary denotes social
control as the rules and standards of society that circumscribe individual action through the
inculcation of conventional sanctions and the imposition of formalized mechanisms.

B. Forms of Deviance

There are people who do not conform to the standard norms. They have failed to
choose an action that is generally acceptable. Banaag (2012) refers social deviance as any
behavior that differs or diverges from established social norms. Some of its functions
include the following:

Functions of Deviance
* serves as outlet for diverse forms of expressions
* serves to define the limits of acceptable behavior
* may promote in-group solidarity

Source: Palispis, Epitacio S. (2007)

http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/File:Mertons_social_strain_theory.jpg

9
 Baleña, E. et. al. (2016) cited the Strain Theory of Robert Merton which states that
in an unequal society the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an
individual’s ability to meet these goals through socially approved means will lead to
deviance as the individual reject either the goals, the means, or both. Palispis, E.S. (2007)
enumerated the forms of deviance of Robert Merton that emerged from Strain Theory:
a. Conformity- involves accepting both the cultural goal of success and the use of
legitimate means for achieving that goal.
b. Innovation- accepts the goal of success but eliminating the use of socially
accepted means of achieving it.
c. Ritualism- occurs when people deemphasize or reject the cultural goals but
accept the institutionalized means.
d. Retreatism- means withdrawal from society since both the cultural goals and the
institutionalized means are rejected.
e. Rebellion- occurs when people reject and attempt to change both the goals
and the means approved by society.

Activity 2.3: “Self- Evaluation”

Directions: List down your norms (normal or standard behavior) and your deviant
behavior in the table.
Norms or Standard Behavior Deviant Behavior
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5

Activity 2.2: IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Ascertain which among the following activities can be considered deviant or
not. Write DEVIANCE if the activity demonstrates deviant behavior and
NORM if it shows normal or standard behavior on the space provided for.
___________ 1. Selling and taking prohibited drugs
___________ 2. Wearing sexy clothes when attending a church activity
___________ 3. Paying attention to the teacher during class discussion
___________ 4. Doing homework at home
___________ 5. Walking naked in the malls
___________ 6. Engaging in pre-marital sex
___________ 7. Visiting your parents during they are not feeling well
___________ 8. Helping the siblings in doing household chores
___________ 9. Using the cellphone of your mother without her permission
___________10. Protecting a criminal at your home

10
 Lesson 3
Human Dignity, Rights,
and the Common Good

Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of how individuals learn

Standard culture and become competent members of society.

Performance Identify norms and values to be observed in interacting with others in

Standard society, and the consequences of ignoring the rules;

Learning Advocate inclusive citizenship

Competency UCSP11/12BMS-Ih-18
Promote protection of human dignity, rights, and the common good
UCSP11/12BMS-Ih-19

What will you do

Activity 3.1: Analyze this line below which is taken from Article 1 of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights. Explain your own understanding about
this briefly and clearly. Write it on the spaces provided for.

“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights…”

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

What to learn

As citizens, we always think of the promotion of the common good or general

welfare. To become a responsible citizen, there is a need to promote the common good
such as obeying the law, volunteering in the community, paying taxes honestly, informing
himself about important political issues, and respecting the rights of others. He or she is
willing to sacrifice his individual interests for the collective good of the nation. This is called
inclusive citizenship wherein the government should create a program that will provide all
11
citizens a strong sense of belonging to the society.

Human rights are inalienable rights that protect people’s dignity as human beings.
These give them the rights to choose, to live, to love, to property, to make their living, to
practice one’s profession, to vote and to be voted, among others. These assure people the
means to fulfill their basic needs. By guaranteeing life, liberty, equality, and security, human
rights protect people against abuse by those who are more powerful.

http://www.theindependentbd.com/assets/news_images/Human-rights3.jpg

Human Dignity referred to an individual or group's sense of self-respect and self-

worth, physical and psychological integrity and empowerment It is stated in the United
Nations’ declaration of human rights the recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal
and inalienable rights of all members in the society.

As cited by Saluba, Dennis J. et. al. (2016), deviance is inevitable. Human dignity,
rights and common good should be righteously extended to deviants by the society itself.
Even if the person is a deviant and a criminal, he or she should be respected and treated
justly as a human being. Violating his or her rights means treating him or her inhumanely.
Accordingly, the common good is espoused with human rights that provides benefits to the
society.

The principles of Human rights, human dignity and common good advocate the
belief in the inherent dignity and worth of every human being.

12
 What you will do

Activity 3.2: “My Awareness on Human’s Rights”

Directions: Read very carefully each item. Tick a check mark in the “correct” column if
it expresses human rights, human dignity and common good; and a
check mark in the “incorrect” column if it does not.

ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT

1. Respecting the rights and opinions of
others

2. Freedom is for the leaders only.

3. Paying taxes honestly Every right has a

corresponding responsibility.

4. All citizens have access to public

organization

5. Volunteering in the community

6. Informing an individual about important

political issues

7. Freedom to choose how they live, but

cannot express themselves.

8. Protect people against abuse by those who

are less powerful.

9. Willing to sacrifice his or her individual

interests for the good of his or her own
family is an example of common good

10. Obeying some of the laws of the country

13
 Activity 3.3: Poster-Making

Direction: Create a poster below on how you can value human rights and promote the
common good.

RUBRIC FOR GRADING:

Criteria Score
Relevance 10
Interpretation/ Creativity 10
Over-all Impact/Neatness 10__
TOTAL SCORE 30

14
 Congratulations for accomplishing all the activities and
for doing a great job! You had an amazing learning
experience in finishing this module and for sure you
will answer all the given tasks in the other modules
with great interest and passion for learning.

Kindly share your learning by completing the sentences below:

I have learned that ___________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

I have realized that ___________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

I will apply ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

__________________________________________

____________________________________________

15
Summary

Socialization takes place when prospective culture bearers

learn the body of knowledge and skills through education,
training, exposure, and experience; while enculturation,
occurs when cultural knowledge is passed on to the next
bearer who will perpetuate and ensure the continuation of
culture. Both socialization and enculturation result to identity
formation, developing norms and values, and statuses and
roles:

One conforms if he or she chooses a course of action that a

majority favors or that which is socially acceptable.
Oppositely, the person deviates when he or she performs a
course of action that is not socially acceptable or that majority
finds unfavorable.

Social control as the techniques and strategies for preventing

deviant behavior n any society.

Social deviance is any behavior that differs or diverges from

established social norms.
* serves as outlet for diverse forms of expressions
* serves to define the limits of acceptable behavior
* may promote in-group solidarity

A responsible citizen needs to promote the common good

such as obeying the law, volunteering in the community,
paying taxes honestly, informing himself about important
political issues, and respecting the rights of others. He or she
is willing to sacrifice his individual interests for the collective
good of the nation. This is called inclusive citizenship

It is stated in the United Nations’ declaration of human rights

the recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and
inalienable rights of all members in the society.

16
 Glossary

Conformity is an action in accordance with some specified standard or

authority.
Enculturation is the process by which an individual learns the traditional
content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values.
Folkways are customary patterns that specify what is socially correct
and proper in everyday life.
Human rights are inalienable rights that protect people’s dignity as human
beings. These give them the rights to choose, to live, to love, to property,
to make their living, to practice one’s profession, to vote and to be voted,
among others.
Human Dignity refers to an individual or group's sense of self-respect and
self-worth, physical and psychological integrity and empowerment.
Innovation means accepting the goal of success but eliminating the use of
socially accepted means of achieving it.
Laws regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct.
Mores is defined what is morally right and morally wrong.
Norms are those culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what
is “right”, “wrong”, “proper”, “improper”.
Rebellion occurs when people reject and attempt to change both the goals
and the means approved by society.
Retreatism means the withdrawal from society since both the cultural goals
and the institutionalized means are rejected.
Ritualism occurs when people deemphasize or reject the cultural goals but
accept the institutionalized means.
Role involves the pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship with one
or more persons occupying other statuses.
Socialization is a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a
personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills
appropriate to his or her social position.
Social control refers to the rules and standards of society that circumscribe
individual action through the inculcation of conventional sanctions and the
imposition of formalized mechanisms.
Social deviance refers to any behavior that differs or diverges from
established social norms.
Status is any position that an individual can occupy in society. It is not a ranked
position, but simply a label that implies certain roles that must be performed
Values are collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and
proper- or bad, undesirable and improper.

17
 Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your correct answer from among the choices
given. Write your answers on your paper.

1. These are norms that regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct.
A. Folkways C. Mores
B. Laws D. Values
2. They involve the pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship with one or
more persons occupying other statuses.
A. Norms C. Statuses
B. Values D. Roles
3. These are rights an individual enjoys such as the right to vote and the right to be
voted into public office.
A. Economic rights C. Civil Rights
B. Statutory Rights D. Political Rights
4. This is an essential concept in the society as well as in morality, because through it
the quality and honor of the people can be determined.
A. Money C. Human Dignity
B. Religion D. Humanity
5. It is the sum total of the conditions of social life which enable people to enjoy basic
human rights as members of the society.
A. Common Good C. People’s welfare
B. Economic Development D. Peace and Order
6. It is the process of learning skills and social roles
A. Assimilation C. Socialization
B. Accommodation D. Mobilization
7. It is the process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and
assimilates its practices and values
A. Socialization C. Norms
B. Enculturation D. Values
8. It is made possible through special abilities or talents, performance and
opportunities.
A. Achieved Status C. Prescribed Status
B. Ascribed Status D. Recognized Status
9. It is defined as an act that violates a social norm.
A. Deviance C. Cooperation
B. Conformity D. Conflict
10. These include society’s standards of morality, good manners, legality, and integrity.
A. Norms C. Statuses
B. Values D. Roles

18
 References:

Books

Arciñas, Myla M. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Banaag, Lee Mark T. 2012. Socio-Anthro: An Integrated and Interdisciplinary Approach To

The Study of Society and Culture. Mandaluyong City: Books atbp.

Baleña, Ederlina D., Lucero, Dolores M., Peralta, Arnel M. 2016. Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics. Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation.

Brinkernoff, D., White, L.K., S.T. & Weitz, R. 2011 Essentials of Sociology. Wadsworth
Cengage Learning, Belmont, USA.

Lanuza, Gerry M. and Raymundo, Sarah S. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics. Quezon City: Rex Book Store Inc.

Newman, D.M. (2012). Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life (9th ed).
USA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Palispis, Epitacio S. 2007. Introduction to Sociology and Anthropology. Manila: Rex

Publishing Corp.

Panopio, et. al. 1994. General Sociology Focus on the Philippines. Quezon City: Ken
Incorporated.

Powell, Walter W. and Clemens, Elisabeth S. 1998. Private Action and the Public Good .
New Haven & London: Yale University Press. ISBN: 0-300-06449-7.
Saluba, Dennis J., Damilig, Angelita D., Carlos, Abigeil F., Barlan, Jayson M., Cuadra, Jovy
F. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing
House, Inc.

Santarita, Joefe B. and Madrid, Randy M. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.

Schaefer, R.T. 2012. Sociology Matters. New York: McGraw Hill Companies Inc.

24
Internet Sources

https://brewminate.com/the-sociology-of-socialization/ Retrieved on December 5, 2019

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/enculturation
Retrieved on December 16, 2018

https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-
maps/compliance-and-conformity Retrieved on December 16, 2018

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social%20control
Retrieved on December 16, 2018

https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/law/law/deviance
Retrieved on December 16, 2018

http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/File:Mertons_social_strain_theory.jpg
Retrieved on December 16, 2018

https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/human_rights_basics
Retrieved on December 16, 2018

http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/
Retrieved on January 20, 2019

25