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    A Simple Method For Melodic Classification Based On Scale Analysis

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    Ari MVPDL
    This document presents a method for classifying melodies based on scale analysis. It involves extracting the fundamental frequencies of melodies using a melody extraction algorithm. A kernel density estimation is then used to obtain probability density functions of the dominant frequencies, whose peaks represent the scale. The tonic note frequency is detected to transpose melodies to a single reference. Melodies are then classified based on the linear correlation between their probability density functions. The method is implemented in a Python tool called Diastema, which is demonstrated on examples of violin music and traditional Tunisian women's songs.

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    A Simple Method For Melodic Classification Based On Scale Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Ari MVPDL
    33 views2 pages
    This document presents a method for classifying melodies based on scale analysis. It involves extracting the fundamental frequencies of melodies using a melody extraction algorithm. A kernel density estimation is then used to obtain probability density functions of the dominant frequencies, whose peaks represent the scale. The tonic note frequency is detected to transpose melodies to a single reference. Melodies are then classified based on the linear correlation between their probability density functions. The method is implemented in a Python tool called Diastema, which is demonstrated on examples of violin music and traditional Tunisian women's songs.

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    2015_FMA

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    This document presents a method for classifying melodies based on scale analysis. It involves extracting the fundamental frequencies of melodies using a melody extraction algorithm. A kernel density estimation is then used to obtain probability density functions of the dominant frequencies, whose peaks represent the scale. The tonic note frequency is detected to transpose melodies to a single reference. Melodies are then classified based on the linear correlation between their probability density functions. The method is implemented in a Python tool called Diastema, which is demonstrated on examples of violin music and traditional Tunisian women's songs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views2 pages

    A Simple Method For Melodic Classification Based On Scale Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Ari MVPDL
    This document presents a method for classifying melodies based on scale analysis. It involves extracting the fundamental frequencies of melodies using a melody extraction algorithm. A kernel density estimation is then used to obtain probability density functions of the dominant frequencies, whose peaks represent the scale. The tonic note frequency is detected to transpose melodies to a single reference. Melodies are then classified based on the linear correlation between their probability density functions. The method is implemented in a Python tool called Diastema, which is demonstrated on examples of violin music and traditional Tunisian women's songs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    A SIMPLE METHOD FOR MELODIC CLASSIFICATION BASED ON

    SCALE ANALYSIS

    Anas Ghrab
    Higher School for Music - University of Sousse (Tunisia)
    [email protected]

    1. INTRODUCTION 3. GENERAL METHODOLOGY

    One objective of the analysis of modal music is the com- This method consists of an extraction of the fundamental
    parison of melodies, which implies their classification. While frequencies of each melody, where we use the Predominant
    conventional methods of analysis are used to enter a modal Melody Extraction algorithm (Salamon & Gómez, 2012)
    specificities bounded together, and the number is typically which is relatively robust for the detection of the melody
    reduced, it is clear that the pertinence of the results is closely in a complex context.
    related to the amount of data analyzed. We propose a gen- A Kernel Density Estimation is then applied to the fre-
    eral method, implemented in Python, for the analysis of quency list to obtain Probability Density Functions (PDF-
    the scale of melodies and to measure the melodic nearby. s) related to dominant frequencies in the melody. The peaks
    We apply it to the analysis of a segmented file and several of the PDF gives as the frequencies that represent the scale,
    songs of women from different regions of Tunisia. which are faced to most known intervals in an epimoric
    (n+1/n) definition. For that we need first to detect the fre-
    For the purpose of this analysis, we have implemented
    quency that could represent the tonic note. We detail below
    different functions in the python module Diastema 1 .
    our approch for that.
    When comparing melodies from different files, we have
    to transpose them on a single reference frequency. Then we
    2. BACKGROUND classify Probability Density Functions by the linear Corre-
    lation Coefficient : the classification of PDFs should match
    Several works the MIR field have focused on melodic anal- a melodic nearby.
    ysis. Part of these works deal with melodies using a sym-
    bolic representation (De León et al., 2004; León & Iñesta,
    4. THE DIASTEMA TOOL AND EXAMPLES
    2004; Li & Sleep, 2004; Frieler & Müllensiefen, 2005).
    Other studies, such those of Bars Bozkurt (Bozkurt, Bozkurt) 4.1 First example
    focused mainly on makamique analysis. As the special fea-
    Our first example is the analysis of Violin Taksim.
    ture of maqm is in its intervallic system, which is not taken
    into consideration by the symbolic data, Bozkurt use dif- 4.1.1 PDF-s of the different segments
    ferent basic detection algorithms to obtain representative
    frequencies of the melody. These frequencies, retuned into 4.1.2 The detection of the tonic frequency-note
    the same octave and converted using Holderian Comma, Useing different percentages of the last frequencies :
    allowed the representation of histograms of main notes of
    melodies (template-matching). Ioannidis et al. (2011) present [1.5%,2%,5%,10%,15%]
    an extension to work Bozkurt using HPCP. The willingness P1 : [318, 318, 318, 318, 318]
    of these approaches is to determine the scales of the main P2 : [318, 318, 318, 318, 347]
    modes of Turkish music or to identify the maqm of a mu- P3 : [318, 343, 318, 318, 318]
    sic compared to a predetermined scale (theoretical tuning P4 : [316, 316, 316, 318, 318]
    systems). We can consider the we are here in a supervised P5 : [318, 318, 318, 318, 318]
    approach.
    The method presented here is different. Our main goal 4.1.3 The global PDF and the scale
    is to analyze and classify melodies in an unsupervised man- [[’0.00’, ’1/1’, ’+’, ’0.00’],
    ner. This approach should allow us to address and rede- [’36.54’, ’12/11’, ’-’, ’1.25’],
    fine makam-s and modal scales of different art music in [’88.39’, ’9/8*12/11’, ’-’, ’0.56’],
    a broader context. In addition, it is applicable to non- [’114.26’, ’4/3’, ’-’, ’10.68’],
    scholarly traditional music, where melodies do not belong [’146.52’, ’4/3’, ’+’, ’21.58’],
    to a pre-established modal theory. [’181.95’, ’3/2’, ’+’, ’5.86’],
    [’209.70’, ’3/2*10/9’, ’-’, ’12.15’],
    1 https://github.com/AnasGhrab/diastema [’258.89’, ’3/2*6/5’, ’+’, ’3.62’]]
    Figure 1: PDF-s of the different segments; Global PDF from all segments

    4.2 Second example Ioannidis, L., Gómez, E., & Herrera, P. (2011). Tonal-based
    retrieval of Arabic and Middle-East music by automatic
    303 audio files of traditionnal women songs from differ- makam description.
    ent regions of Tunisia. They are field recordings made be-
    tween 2007 and 2015 2 . León, P. J. P. D. & Iñesta, J. M. (2004). Statistical descrip-
    tion models for melody analysis and characterization. In
    In Proceedings of the 2004 International Computer Music
    Conference, (pp. 149–156).

    Li, M. & Sleep, R. (2004). Melody classification using a simi-


    larity metric based on kolmogorov complexity. Sound and
    Music Computing, 126–129.

    Salamon, J. & Gómez, E. (2012). Melody extraction from poly-


    phonic music signals using pitch contour characteristics.
    Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transac-
    tions on, 20(6), 1759–1770.

    Figure 2: Self-similarity matrix

    5. CONCLUSION
    This paper presents a musicologial point of view. Its ap-
    proach has to be extended with specialists in data-mining
    and programmers.

    6. REFERENCES
    Bozkurt, B. An automatic pitch analysis method for turkish
    maqam music. 37(1), 1–13.

    De León, P. J. P., Pérez-Sancho, C., & Inesta, J. M. (2004).


    A shallow description framework for musical style recog-
    nition. In Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern
    Recognition (pp. 876–884). Springer.

    Frieler, K. & Müllensiefen, D. (2005). The simile algorithm


    for melodic similarity. Proceedings of the Annual Music
    Information Retrieval Evaluation exchange.
    2 See the collection “Chants de femme dans les regions
    tunisiennes” at the catalogue of the National Sound Archives
    (http://phonotheque.cmam.tn), hosted by the Centre of Arab and
    Mediterranean Music (http://www.cmam.tn).

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