Hafencity Hamburg, Germany
Hafencity Hamburg, Germany
Hafencity Hamburg, Germany
Currently Europe’s largest inner-city development project, HafenCity is located in the heart of the
maritime city of Hamburg, Germany’s second largest city, on the northern flank of the river Elbe. The
project replaces an outdated industrial harbor in a central city location, and transforms an underused area
into a walkable and bikeable mixed use ‘knowledge-economy’ area with new offices, community
facilities, residential and leisure areas and a high number of public spaces.
HCH evaluates the proposals of all prospective developers and architects against its own
HafenCity Ecolabel, which looks beyond energy performance. The sustainability issues include a fine-
grained mixture of uses, a high degree of walkability, excellent public transport (subway line and fuel-cell
buses), district heating with 92% renewable energy and the reduction of individual car-ownership by
station-based car sharing systems.
Resilient cities and neighborhoods will prioritize walking as the preferred mode of travel, and as
a defining component of a healthy quality of life.
Reducing car-dependency is a key objective and imperative. Luckily, the alternative modes of
transportation – namely walking, cycling, and transit – result in more sustainable urban environments, and
in an improved quality of life. It are the cities and neighborhoods that have prioritized walking, that have
created desirable locations to live, work, play, and invest in.
Letchworth Garden City
As one of the world's first new towns and the first garden city it had great influence on future
town planning and the New towns movement; it influenced Welwyn Garden City, which used a similar
approach and inspired other projects around the world including the Australian capital Canberra, Hellerau
in Germany, Tapanila in Finland and Mežaparks in Latvia. There is a link to town planning in Stalingrad
through the architect V. N. Semionov and an account of Lenin visiting the town when he visited England
for a congress of the Russian Bolshevik party, then banned in Russia.
In 1898, the social reformer Ebenezer Howard wrote a book entitled To-morrow: A Peaceful Path
to Real Reform (later republished as Garden Cities of To-morrow), in which he advocated the
construction of a new kind of town, summed up in his three magnets diagram as combining the
advantages of cities and the countryside while eliminating their disadvantages. Industry would be kept
separate from residential areas—such zoning was a new idea at the time—and trees and open spaces
would prevail everywhere. His ideas were mocked in the press but struck a chord with many, especially
members of the Arts and Crafts movement and the Quakers.
According to the book the term "garden city" derived from the image of a city being in a belt of
open countryside (which would contribute significantly to food production for the population), and not, as
is commonly cited, to a principle that every house should have a garden.
The concept outlined in the book is not simply one of urban planning, but also included a system
of community management. For example, the Garden City project would be financed through a system
that Howard called "Rate-Rent", which combined financing for community services (rates) with a return
for those who had invested in the development of the city (rent). The book also advocated a rudimentary
form of competitive tendering, whereby the municipality would purchase services, such as water, fuel,
waste disposal, etc., from (often local) commercial providers. These systems were never fully
implemented, in Letchworth, Welwyn or their numerous imitators.