NUMBER #1 = Some snakes lay eggs, but others _____ birth to live offspring.

 (A) give
 (B) giving
 (C) they give
 (D) to have given
 NUMBER #2 = Because it was so closely related to communication, _____ art form
to develop.
 (A) drawing was probably the earliest
 (B) to draw early was probably
 (C) early drawing probably
 (D) the earliest draw
 NUMBER #3 = Halley’s Comet had its first documented sighting in 240 B.C. in China
and _____ it has been seen from the Earth 29 times.
 (A) after
 (B) because of
 (C) since then
 (D) that is
 NUMBER #4 = _____ that managers commit in problem solving is jumping to a
conclusion about the cause of a given problem.
 (A) Major errors
 (B) Since the major error
 (C) The major error
 (D) Of the major errors
 NUMBER #5 = Algonkian-speaking Native Americans greeted the Pilgrims _____
settled on the eastern shores of what is now New England.
 (A) to whom
 (B) of which
 (C) who
 (D) which
 NUMBER #6 = The best known books of Ross Macdonald, _____ writer of detective
novels, feature the character Lew Archer, a private detective.
 (A) is the
  (B) is an
 (C) they are by
 (D) the
 NUMBER #7 =  The first building to employ steel skeleton construction, _____.
 (A) Chicago, Illinois, the home of the Home Insurance Company Building completed
in 1885
 (B) the Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago, Illinois, was completed in
1885
 (C) because the Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago, Illinois, was
completed in 1885
 (D) the Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago, Illinois, in 1885
 NUMBER #8 = During the course of its growth, a frog undergoes a true
metamorphosis _____ with a fishlike larval stage.
 (A) begin
 (B) began
 (C) beginning
 (D) is begun
 NUMBER #9 = Mahalia Jackson, _____ combined powerful vitality with great dignity,
was one of the best-known gospel singers in the United States.
 (A) it was her singing
 (B) which songs
 (C) who sang
 (D) whose singing
 NUMBER #10 = Precious metals, gems, and ivory have been used to make buttons,
but most buttons are made of _____ wood, glass, or plastic.
 (A) such materials that
 (B) materials as such
 (C) such materials as
 (D) such materials
 NUMBER #11 = Outside the bright primary rainbow, _____ much fainter secondary
rainbow may be visible.
 (A) so
 (B) a
  (C) since
 (D) still
 NUMBER #12 = Any critic, teacher, librarian, or poet who hopes to broaden
poetry’s audience faces the difficult challenge of persuading skeptical readers _____.
 (A) that poetry is important today
 (B) for poetry to be important today
 (C) to be important poetry today
 (D) poetry that is important today
 NUMBER #13 = Following the guidelines for speaking and voting established by the
book Robert’s Rules of Order, _____ during meetings.
 (A) and avoid large decision-making organizations’ procedural confusion
 (B) large decision-making organizations avoid procedural confusion
 (C) is procedural confusion avoided by large decision-making organizations
 (D) are avoiding procedural contusion in large decision-making organizations
 NUMBER #14 = Indigo is a vat color, -—— called because it does not dissolve in
water.
 (A) which it
 (B) it is
 (C) but
 (D) so
 NUMBER #15 = Associated with the Denishawn company from 1916 until 1923,
Martha Graham developed a powerful, ——- that was integral to the foundations of
modern dance.
 (A) expressively stylish
 (B) a style expressive
 (C) stylishly expressive
 (D) expressive style

16. According to most psychological studies, body language expresses a speaker’s

emotions and attitudes, and it also tends to affect the emotions and attitudes of
the listen.

 According to
 psychological
  expresses
 listen
17. The dachshund is a hardy, alert dog with a well sense of smell.

 is
 alert
 well
 smell
18. Quasars, faint celestial objects resembling stars, are perhaps the most distant
objects know.

 faint
 resembling
 perhaps
 know
19. The importance of environmental stimuli in the development of coordination
between sensory input andmotor response varies lo species to species.

 importance
 the
 and
 to
20. A smile can be observed, described, and reliably identify; it can also be elicited
and manipulated under experimental

 smile
 identify
 can also
 experimental
21. A musical genius, John Cage is noted for his highly unconventional ideas, and he
respected for his unusual compositions and performances.

 musical genius
 unconventional
  he respected
 and performances
22. Chocolate is prepared by a complexity process of cleaning, blending, and roasting
cocoa beans, which must be ground and mixed with sugar.

 complexity
 blending
 must
 mixed
23. Several million points on the human body registers either cold, heat, pain, or
touch.

 Several
 on the
 registers
 pain
24. In the 1800’s store owners sold everything from a needle to a
plow, trust everyone, and never took inventory.

 store
 a needle
 trust
 never
25. Although they reflect a strong social conscience, Arthur Miller’s stage works
are typical more concernedwith individuals than with systems.

 Although
 typical
 concerned
 systems
26. While highly prized for symbolizing good luck, the four-leaf clover is rarity found
in nature.

 While
 for
 the
  rarity
27. An involuntary reflex, an yawn is almost impossible to slop once the mouth
muscles begin the stretchingaction.

 an
 once
 begin
 stretching
28. Elected to serve in the United States House of Representatives in 1968, Shirley
Chisholm was known for advocacy the interests of the urban poor.

 to serve
 was known
 advocacy
 urban
29. A mirage is an atmospheric optical illusion in what an observer sees a nonexistent
body of water or an image of some object.

 atmospheric
 in what
 or
 object
30. Turquoise, which found in microscopic crystals, is opaque with a waxy
luster, varying in color fromgreenish gray to sky blue.

 which found
 a
 varying in
 from
31. Homo erectus  is the name commonly given into the primate species
from which humans are believed to have evolved.

 commonly
 into
 which
 are believed
32. Today modern textile mills can manufacture as much fabrics in a few seconds as it
once took workersweeks to produce by hand.

 fabrics
 a few
 workers
 to produce
33. The Hopi, the western most tribe of Pueblo Indians,
have traditionally lived large multilevel structures clustered in towns.

 tribe of
 traditionally
 lived large
 towns
34. Exploration of the Solar System is continuing, and at the present rate
of progress all the planets will have been contacted within the near 50 years.

 continuing
 progress
 within
 near
35. Since their appearance on farms in the United Stales between 1913 and 1920,
trucks have changedpatterns of production and market of farm products

 their
 farms
 have changed
 market
36. Antique collecting became a significant pastime in the
1800’s when old object began to be appreciatedfor their beauty as well as for their
historical importance.

 became
 when
 object
 appreciated for
37. American painter Georgia 0’Keeffe is well known as her large paintings of
flowers in which single blossoms are presented as if in close-up.

 as
 in which
 blossoms
 presented
38. Despite television is the dominant entertainment medium for United States
households, Garrison Keillor’s Saturday night radio show of folk songs and
stories is heard by millions of people.

 Despite
 radio show
 is
 millions
39. The work which the poet Emma Lazarus is best known is “The New Colossus,”
which is inscribed on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty.

 work which
 poet
 is inscribed
 of
40. In the New England colonies, Chippendale designs were adapted to locally tastes,
and beautiful furniture resulted.

 In
 locally
 beautiful
 resulted

Reading
Number 1 = The word “domain” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
 (A) temperature
 (B) period
 (C) region v
 (D) process
 Number 2 = Which of the following terms is used to describe the landforms of the
Arctic region?
 (A) Subarctic
  (B) Taiga
 (C) Tundra
 (D) Muskeg
 Number 3 = For how many months of the year were temperatures below freezing
in the circumpolar region?
 (A) 4-5 months
 (B) 6 months
 (C) 8-9 months
 (D) 12 months
 Number 4 = The word “saturated” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
 (A) enriched
 (B) dissolved
 (C) removed
 (D) soaked
 Number 5 = The word “arduous” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
 (A) humid
 (B) difficult
 (C) indirect
 (D) unnecessary

 Number 6 = The word “standing” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

 (A) not flowing
 (B) very deep
 (C) numerous
 (D) contaminated
 Number 7 = All of the following are mentioned as having made travel in the
summer difficult EXCEPT
 (A) insects
 (B) wet clothing
 (C) swampy lands
 (D) lack of supplies
  Number 8 = The subsurface soil in the Arctic’s tundra is most comparable to which
of the following?
 (A) Cement
 (B) A bog
 (C) A pond
 (D) Sand
 Number 9 = Where in the passage does the author mention a means by which
people traveled in the northern lands?
 (A) Lines 2-4
 (B) Lines 6-7
 (C) Lines 20-21
 (D) Lines 27-29
Number 10 = Which of the following statements best represents the main idea of the
passage?
 (A) Ants belonging to the genus Formica are incapable of performing certain tasks.
 (B) The genus Polyergus is quite similar to the genus Formica.
 (C) Ants belonging to the genus Polyergus have an unusual relationship with
ants belonging to the genus Formica.
 (D) Polyergus ants frequently leave their nests to build new colonies.
 Number 11 = The word “raise” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
  (A) rear
 (B) lift
 (C) collect
 (D) increase
 Number 12 = The author mentions cuckoos and cowbirds in line 2 because they
 (A) share their nests with each other
 (B) are closely related species
 (C) raise the young of other birds
 (D) are social parasites
 Number 13 = The word “it” in line 3 refers to
 (A) species
 (B) nest
 (C) egg
 (D) female
 Number 14 = What does the author mean by stating that “ The dulotic species of
lifts… are die supreme social parasites” (line 5) ?
 (A) The Polyergus are more highly developed than die Formica.
 (B) The Formica have developed specialized roles.
 (C) The Polyergus are heavily dependent on the Formica.
 (D) The Formica do not reproduce rapidly enough to care for themselves
Number 15 = Which of the following is a task that an ant of the genus Polyergus might
do?
 (A) Look for food.
 (B) Raid another nest
 (C) Care for the young.
 (D) Clean its own nest.
 Number 16 = The word “excavate” in line 17 is closest in meaning to
 (A) find
 (B) clean
 (C) repair
 (D) dig
 Number 17 = The word “recruit” in line 20 is closest in meaning
  (A) create
 (B) enlist
 (C) endure
 (D) capture
 Number 18 = What happens when a mixed colony of Polyergus and Formica ants
becomes too large?
 (A) The Polyergus workers enlarge the existing nest.
 (B) The captured Formica workers return to their original nest.
 (C) The Polyergus and the Formica build separate nests.
 (D) The Polyergus and the Formica move to a new nest.
 Number 19 = According to the information in the passage, all of the following
terms refer to ants belonging to the genus Formica EXCEPT the
 (A) dulotic species of ants (line 5)
 (B) captured brood (line 13)
 (C) developing pupae (line 14)
 (D) worker population (line 19)
Number 20 = What does the passage mainly discuss?
 (A) The reason that Winterthur was redesigned
 (B) Elements that make Winterthur an unusual museum
 (C) How Winterthur compares to English country houses
 (D) Historical furniture contained in Winterthur
 Number 21 = The phrase “devoted to” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
 (A) surrounded by
 (B) specializing in
  (C) successful with
 (D) sentimental about
 Number 22 = What happened at Winterthur between 1929 and 1931?
 (A) The owners moved out.
 (B) The house was repaired.
 (C) The old furniture was replaced.
 (D) The estate became a museum.
 Number 23 = What does the author mean by stating “The impression of a lived-in
house is apparent to the visitor” (line 7)?
 (A) Winterthur is very old.
 (B) Few people visit Winterthur.
 (C) Winterthur does not look like a typical museum.
 (D) The furniture at Winterthur looks comfortable.
 Number 24 = The word “assembled” in line 11 Is closest in meaning to
 (A) summoned
 (B) appreciated
 (C) brought together
 (D) fundamentally changed
Number 25 = The word “it” in line 12 refers to
 (A) Winterthur
 (B) collection
 (C) English country house
 (D) visitor
 Number 26 = The word “developing” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
 (A) traditional
 (B) exhibiting
 (C) informative
 (D) evolving
 Number 27 = According lo the passage, objects in a period room are related by all
of (he following EXCEPT
 (A) date
 (B) style
  (C) place of manufacture
 (D) past ownership
 Number 28 = What is die relationship between the two paragraphs in the passage?
 (A) The second paragraph explains a term that was mentioned in the first
paragraph.
 (B) Each paragraph describes a different approach to the display of objects in a
museum.
 (C) The second paragraph explains a philosophy of art appreciation that contrasts
with the philosophy explained in me first paragraph.
 (D) Each paragraph describes a different historical period.
 Number 29 = Where in the passage does the author explain why displays at
Winterthur have changed?
 (A) lines 1-3
 (B) lines 5-6
 (C) lines 7-10
 (D) lines 13-16
Number 30 = What does the passage mainly discuss?
 (A) A comparison of two popular comic strips
 (B) The differences between early and modern comic strips
 (C) The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories
 (D) Features of early comic strips in the United States
 Number 31 = Why does the author mention Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph
Hearst?
 (A) They established New York’s first newspaper.
  (B) They published comic strips about the newspaper war.
 (C) Their comic strips are still published today.
 (D) They owned major competitive newspapers.
 Number 32 = The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the
following reasons?
 (A) They provided a break from serious news stories.
 (B) Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings.
 (C) Readers could identify with the characters.
 (D) They were about real-life situations.
 Number 33 = To say that Richard Outcault had been “lured away from” the World
by Hearst (line 10) means which of the following?
 (A) Hearst convinced Outcault to leave the World.
 (B) Hearst fired Outcault from the World.
 (C) Hearst warned Outcault to leave the World.
 (D) Hearst wanted Outcault to work for the World.
 Number 34 = The word “ it” in line 12 refer to
 (A) The “ Yellow Kid”
 (B) dialogue
 (C) farce
 (D) balloon
Number 35 = According to the passage, the
“ Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip to do all of the following EXCEPT

 (A) feature the same character in each episode

 (B) include dialogue inside a balloon
 (C) appear in a Chicago newspaper
 (D) characterize city life in a humorous way
 Number 36 = The word “incorporate” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
 (A) affect
 (B) create
 (C) combine
 (D) mention
  Number 37 = The word “prototype” in line 17 is closest in meaning to
 (A) story
 (B) humor
 (C) drawing
 (D) model
 Number 38 = The word “staple” in line 24 is closest in meaning to
 (A) regular feature
 (B) popular edition
 (C) new version
 (D) huge success
 Number 39 = In what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the
passage?
 (A) In alphabetical order by title
 (B) In the order in which they were created
 (C) According to the newspaper in which they appeared
 (D) From most popular to least popular
Number 40 = What is the main point of the first paragraph?
 (A) The waves created by ocean currents are very large.
 (B) Despite the strength of the wind, it only moves surface water.
 (C) Deep ocean water is seldom affected by forces that move water.
 (D) The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water.
 Number 41 = The word “felt” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
 (A) based
 (B) dropped
  (C) detected
 (D) explored
 Number 42 = The words “In reality” in line 8 are closest in meaning to
 (A) surprisingly
 (B) actually
 (C) characteristically
 (D) similarly
 Number 43 = It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in
determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is
 (A) size
 (B) distance
 (C) temperature
 (D) density
 Number 44 = The word “correspondingly” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
 (A) unpredictably
 (B) interestingly
 (C) similarly
 (D) unusually
 Number 45 = What is the cause of spring tides?
 (A) Seasonal changes in the weather
 (B) The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon when nearly in line with the
Earth
 (C) The Earth’s movement around the Sun
 (D) The triangular arrangement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon
 Number 46 = Which of the following pictures best represents the position of the
Sun, Moon, and Earth during spring tides?
 (A) 

 (B)
 (C)

 (D)

 Number 47 = The word “configuration” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

 (A) unit
 (B) center
  (C) surface
 (D) arrangement
 Number 48 = Neap tides occur when
 (A) the Sun counteracts the Moon’s gravitational attraction
 (B) the Moon is full
 (C) the Moon is farthest from the Sun
 (D) waves created by the wind combine with the Moon’s gravitational attraction
 Number 49 = According to the passage, all of the following statements about tides
are true EXCEPT:
 (A) The time of high tide is later each day.
 (B) Tides have a greater effect on the sea than waves do.
 (C) The strongest tides occur at the quarters of the Moon.
 (D) Neap tides are more moderate than spring tides.
 Number 50 = Where in the passage does the author mention movements of ocean
water other than those caused by tides?
 (A) Lines 2-5
 (B) Lines 10-11
 (C) Lines 12-13
 (D) Lines 17-20

Listening 28 : 490

Structure 16 :400

Reading 26 : 450

446