Adverb Clause: 1. Adverbial Clauses of Time
Adverb Clause: 1. Adverbial Clauses of Time
Adverb Clause: 1. Adverbial Clauses of Time
in
Adverb Clause
# dependent Clause
# Used as an adverb
# where, when, how, why, to what extent, or under what conditions
# introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as – if, because, before, than, as, so that,
while, where, when, as if and since
Examples
1. They checked their gear before they started the climb. (modifies – verb checked)
2. They were cautious because ice made the trails slippery. (modifies adj – cautious)
When
While she was waiting for the train, she read a magazine.
While I was mowing the lawn he came up to me.
Expressing contrast – John is a small sickly child while his sister has grown a tall,
strong girl.
While we agree with most of what he says, we cannot stand his manners.
As – normally introduces a clause in which the action is in progress – refers to past action only
As soon as – action in subordinate and in the main clause closely follow each other
As long as
Till/Until – denotes the concluding moment of the action expressed in the main clause; until is
usually preferred when the subordinate clause precedes the main clause:
The place of the action- I found the bag where I left it.
The direction of the action – He went where the doctor sent him.
3. Reason – because, as, since, seeing that, that, now that, on the grounds that, for the
reason that
As/Since – the emphasis is not so much on the reason as on the result expressed in the main
clause:
Seeing that
Seeing that his wife was not well, he postponed his journey.
Now that
Now that you are well again you will have to make up for lost time.
He resigned from his job on the grounds that he was in poor health.
We couldn’t go to the concert for the simple reason that we hadn’t got tickets.
In that
Purpose – in order that, for the purpose that, so that, so as to, lest
If is the most common conditional subordinator; it may also have the meaning of:
So long as often has more conditional than temporal force, nearly equivalent to if only:
Suppose that, supposing that are used to make a supposition about future or the past:
Suppose / Supposing that you told her the truth, what would she do?
Suppose / Supposing that you had told her the truth, what would she have done?
Unless is used for a negative condition and has the same meaning as if… not
You’d better take an umbrella with you in case it rains later on.
5. Concession - denote some obstacle which does not prevent the realization of the
action expressed in the main clause; they answer the question In spite of what?; they are
introduced by the following subordinators:
Although, though
Although they had done all they could, they failed to complete the project on time.
Although it was cold and rainy, we enjoyed the trip.
For all
Even if
Even if you offered him a million, you still could not bribe him.
I cannot be angry with him, even if I try.
Whether… or
Your father won’t raise any objection whether you take only a part-time job or you stop
working altogether in order to finish your studies.
Whereas
Whereas she never openly disagrees with her husband, she never hesitates to tell him
what is on her mind when they are at home.
While he has an expert knowledge on his subject, he cannot explain it clearly to others.
Whoever (whatever)
6. Manner –express the manner in which an action is done; they answer the
question how; they are introduced by the subordinators: as, as if, but:
As
As if (as though) – expresses a supposed present or past fact ; the subjunctive were or the modal
Like
I never pass that house but I think of the happy days we spent in it.
7. Comparison
As
She was as friendly as she had ever been (postmodifier in adj. phrase)
His brothers work as hard as he does (postmodifier in adv. phrase)
Than
My suitcase had become so damaged that the lid would not stay closed.
He left after seven so that he must have caught the 8.15 train.
PRACTICE: Underline the adverb clause in each sentence, and circle the word it
modifies.