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    James Marcia Adolescent Development: By: Suzanne Ashley July 2009

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    Nathalia Ysabelle Reigo
    James Marcia expanded on Erikson's theory of identity development in adolescents. He identified four statuses of identity based on levels of crisis and commitment during exploration: diffusion with low crisis and commitment; foreclosure with low crisis but high commitment; moratorium with high crisis but low commitment; and identity achievement with high crisis and commitment. Marcia's theory examines how adolescents develop their identity through exploring and committing to personal values, beliefs, and goals in areas like occupation and ideology from late adolescence to early adulthood.

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    James Marcia Adolescent Development: By: Suzanne Ashley July 2009

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    Nathalia Ysabelle Reigo
    64 views11 pages
    James Marcia expanded on Erikson's theory of identity development in adolescents. He identified four statuses of identity based on levels of crisis and commitment during exploration: diffusion with low crisis and commitment; foreclosure with low crisis but high commitment; moratorium with high crisis but low commitment; and identity achievement with high crisis and commitment. Marcia's theory examines how adolescents develop their identity through exploring and committing to personal values, beliefs, and goals in areas like occupation and ideology from late adolescence to early adulthood.

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    James Marcia

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    James Marcia expanded on Erikson's theory of identity development in adolescents. He identified four statuses of identity based on levels of crisis and commitment during exploration: diffusion with low crisis and commitment; foreclosure with low crisis but high commitment; moratorium with high crisis but low commitment; and identity achievement with high crisis and commitment. Marcia's theory examines how adolescents develop their identity through exploring and committing to personal values, beliefs, and goals in areas like occupation and ideology from late adolescence to early adulthood.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views11 pages

    James Marcia Adolescent Development: By: Suzanne Ashley July 2009

    Uploaded by

    Nathalia Ysabelle Reigo
    James Marcia expanded on Erikson's theory of identity development in adolescents. He identified four statuses of identity based on levels of crisis and commitment during exploration: diffusion with low crisis and commitment; foreclosure with low crisis but high commitment; moratorium with high crisis but low commitment; and identity achievement with high crisis and commitment. Marcia's theory examines how adolescents develop their identity through exploring and committing to personal values, beliefs, and goals in areas like occupation and ideology from late adolescence to early adulthood.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    JAMES MARCIA

    ADOLESCENT
    DEVELOPMENT
    By: Suzanne Ashley
    July 2009
    Brief Biography
     Canadian developmental
    psychologist

     Emeritus Professor of Psychology


     Simon Fraser University
     British Columbia, Canada

     1960s psychological fame


     Conducted interviews with
    86 college males

    www.sfu.ca
    Overview of Marcia’s Theory
     Expansion on Erikson’s Identity vs. Role
    Confusion
     Explores adolescent identity development
     Occurs in two steps
     1ststep = break away from childhood belief’s
     2nd step = explore alternative “status” and commit to
    developing to one
     Four statuses of identity development
     Foreclosure
     Diffusion
     Moratorium
     Achievement
    Key Concepts of Identity
    Development
     Purpose is to adopt:
    A vocational direction
     A sexual orientation
     Set of values and ideologies

     Achieved by 18 – 22 years old


     Crisis = to the adolescent's period of
    engagement in choosing among meaningful
    alternatives; searching
     Commitment = to the degree of personal
    investment the individual exhibits
    Four Statuses of Adolescent
    Identity Development
    Diffusion Moratorium
    •Low level of identity (commitment) •Low level of identity (commitment)
    •Low level of search (crisis) •High level of search (crisis)

    Foreclosure Achievement
    •High level of identity (commitment) •High level of identity (commitment)
    •Low level of search (crisis) •High level of search (crisis)
    Low-Level Commitment to
    Identity
    Diffusion Moratorium

     No clear identity  Vague or ill-formed


     Making no attempt commitments
    to search for one  Still under-going
     May have struggled identity search or
    crisis
    No commitment and  Begin to commit to
    little or no search identity but still
    developing
    High-Level of Identity
    Commitment
    Foreclosure Achievement

     Blindly accepts  Clear identity


    identity and values  Well-defined personal
    values
    given from
     Expanded in
    childhood by family adulthood
    and others  Strong ego

     Committed to  Has experienced a


    search or crisis
    identity but no
    Strong commitment to
    search or crisis identity
    Musical Think-Pair-Share
     Think about the lyrics of each of the songs:
     Slow Turning
     I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For
     The River
     Like a Rolling Stone

     Pair up with shoulder partner


     Share each song relates to the four statuses of
    adolescent identity
     Source of Activity:
    http://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/jwb/Psychology/Personality/JamesMarcia.htm
    Counseling Applications
     Questions for Adolescent Client
     What occupations have you considered exploring in your
    future?
     What spiritual beliefs do you value? What is the source of
    these beliefs?
     What political ideas are important to you? Why?
     Have you had any doubts about your beliefs?

    Well-developed identity means . . .


     Strong sense of personal strengths ,weaknesses, &
    uniqueness
     Higher self-esteem
     Increased critical thinking
     Advanced moral reasoning
     Lower levels of anxiety
    Summary of Marcia’s Impact
     Theory examines late adolescent process of
    identity development
     Four statuses: diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure,
    achievement
     NOT stages of development
     Achievedwhen he or she has explored and
    committed to important aspects of identity
    References
     Identity Development - Aspects of Identity. (n.d.). In Social
    Issues Reference. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from
    http://social.jrank.org/pages/322/Identity-Development.html
     The identity status approach to study of ego identity
    development. (1987). In H. (Author), SELF & IDENTITY.
    Perspectives across the lifespan. (International Library of
    Psychology) (pp. 161-171). New York: Routledge.
     Identity Status Theory (Marcia). (n.d.). In At Learning
    Theories. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://www.learning-
    theories.com/identity-status-theory-marcia.html
     Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and Validation of Ego-
    Identity Status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
    3(5), 551-558.
     Notes on Adolescent Identity. (n.d.). In The University of New
    Mexico. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from
    http://www.unm.edu/~jka/courses/archive/ident.html

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