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    Inferential Statistics: The Chi-Square Test

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    Carlo Naz
    The document discusses the chi-square test, a non-parametric test used to determine differences between categorical variables. It provides steps for running a chi-square test in SPSS including selecting descriptive statistics, crosstabs, and checking the chi-square option. An example considers relationships between respondents' gender, highest educational attainment, and socio-economic status using a sample data set. SPSS output shows expected and observed frequencies which are used to calculate the chi-square test statistic.

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    Inferential Statistics: The Chi-Square Test

    Uploaded by

    Carlo Naz
    48 views4 pages
    The document discusses the chi-square test, a non-parametric test used to determine differences between categorical variables. It provides steps for running a chi-square test in SPSS including selecting descriptive statistics, crosstabs, and checking the chi-square option. An example considers relationships between respondents' gender, highest educational attainment, and socio-economic status using a sample data set. SPSS output shows expected and observed frequencies which are used to calculate the chi-square test statistic.

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    Chi Square

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    The document discusses the chi-square test, a non-parametric test used to determine differences between categorical variables. It provides steps for running a chi-square test in SPSS including selecting descriptive statistics, crosstabs, and checking the chi-square option. An example considers relationships between respondents' gender, highest educational attainment, and socio-economic status using a sample data set. SPSS output shows expected and observed frequencies which are used to calculate the chi-square test statistic.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    48 views4 pages

    Inferential Statistics: The Chi-Square Test

    Uploaded by

    Carlo Naz
    The document discusses the chi-square test, a non-parametric test used to determine differences between categorical variables. It provides steps for running a chi-square test in SPSS including selecting descriptive statistics, crosstabs, and checking the chi-square option. An example considers relationships between respondents' gender, highest educational attainment, and socio-economic status using a sample data set. SPSS output shows expected and observed frequencies which are used to calculate the chi-square test statistic.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Chi Square

    Inferential Statistics

    Inferential statistics is used to make inferences about the characteristics of


    the population based on the characteristics of the sample.

    The Chi-Square Test

    It is a non-parametric test used to determine the differences in two


    categorical variables. Using SPSS, the procedure is as follows:

    Analyze
    Descriptives
    Crosstabs
    Highlight the variables and move to Row and Column
    Statistics
    √ Chi-Square
    OK

    Consider the research question below then study how chi-square test is
    applied.

    1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:


    1.1 gender,
    1.2 highest educational attainment, and
    1.3 socio-economic status?
    2. Is there a significant difference between the respondents’ gender and
    highest educational attainment?
    3. Is there a significant difference between the respondents’ gender and
    socio-economic status?
    4. Is there a significant difference between the highest educational
    attainment and socio-economic status of the respondents?

    Consider the data listed on the next page.


    Gender Code HEA Code SES Code
    Male 1 Elementary 1 Above 3
    Male 1 College 3 Average 2
    Female 2 College 3 Below 1
    Male 1 Masters 4 Below 1
    Male 1 Masters 4 Below 1
    Female 2 College 3 Above 3
    Female 2 Elementary 1 Average 2
    Male 1 Elementary 1 Average 2
    Male 1 Secondary 2 Above 3
    Female 2 College 3 Below 1
    Female 2 Masters 4 Above 3
    Female 2 Doctorate 5 Below 1
    Female 2 Doctorate 5 Below 1
    Male 1 Elementary 1 Above 3
    Female 2 Secondary 2 Average 2
    Male 1 College 3 Average 2
    Male 1 College 3 Below 1
    Female 2 Secondary 2 Above 3
    Female 2 Secondary 2 Above 3
    Male 1 College 3 Below 1

    On the next page is the SPSS output.

    Work Sheet

    Gender * Highest Educational Attainment

    Observed Frequencies

    Gender Elem Second College Masters Doctorate Total


    Male 3 1 4 2 0 10
    Female 1 3 3 1 2 10
    4 4 7 3 2 20

    Computation of the Expected Frequencies

    Male vs Elementary Female Vs Elementary


    C1=RT x CT/GT C1=RT x CT/GT
    C1=10x4/20=2 C1=10x4/20=2
    Male vs Second Female vs Second
    C2=RT x CT/GT C2=RT x CT/GT
    C2=10x4/20=2 C2=10x4/20=2
    Male vs College Female vs College
    C3=RT x CT/GT C3=RT x CT/GT
    C3=7x10/20=3.5 C3=7x10/20=3.5

    Male vs Masters Female vs Masters


    C4=RT x CT/GT C4=RT x CT/GT
    C4=3x10/20=1.5 C4=3x10/20=1.5

    Male vs Doctorate Female vs Doctorate


    C5=RT x CT/GT C5=RT x CT/GT
    C5=2x10/20=1 C4=3x10/20=1.5

    Continuation of the Worksheet:

    Status O E O-E (O - E) sqd. (O – E) sqd /


    2/E
    Male E 3 2 1 1 .5
    Male S 1 2 -1 1 .5
    Male C 4 3.5 .5 0.25 .071
    Male M 2 1.5 .5 0.25 0.17
    Male D 0 1 -1 1 1
    Female E 1 2 1 1 0.5
    Female S 3 2 -1 1 0.5
    Female C 3 3.5 .5 0.25 .071
    Female M 1 1.5 .5 0.25 .17
    Female D 2 1 -1 1 1

    Final Answer: /____4.462___/

    Chronbach 10 people 20 questions


    CHI Square

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