OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

College of Pharmacy

“HAND & BODY

LOTION BAR”
SUBMITTED TO:

PREPARED BY:

INTRODUCTION

Xerosis (Dry Skin) is a very common skin condition that occurs at all ages. The
involved skin appears dehydrated, peeled, irritated and inflamed. Xerosis may become
flaky and itchy, a condition known as “Pruritis”. When it becomes red and painful it is
known as “Eczema”. Eczema is a non-contagious inflammation of the skin, characterized
chiefly by redness, itching, and the outbreak of lesions that may discharge serous matter
and become encrusted and scaly. Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious disease
characterized by inflamed lesions covered with silvery-white scabs of dead skin.
 Lotions and creams are emulsions - they are either water in oil (w/o) or oil in
water (o/w). A w/o emulsion means you have small droplets of water dispersed in a
medium of oil. An o/w emulsion means you have small droplets of oil dispersed in water.
So the first 2 key ingredients of a lotion or cream are the oil and the water.
Lotion is a combination of water and oil to create a less-greasy, smooth product
that will make a great hand, body and facial moisturizer.  Lotions are products that are
intended to moisturize and soften the body and hands. They are often semi-solid
emulsions of oil and water. They contain special ingredients that help to replace the oils
contained in the skin or to protect against the loss of moisture from the skin.
A lotion bar is a solid moisturizer. It bears resemblance to a soap bar, but it
functions as a lotion. Usually made out of natural ingredients, lotion bars stay solid as
long as they are kept at room temperature or lower. They're activated by body heat and
can be used anywhere on the body. Lotion bars have a reputation for being a health-
conscious choice because they are free from the potentially hazardous chemicals found in
commercial lotion products, such as phthalates, parabens, formaldehyde, para-
aminobenzoic acid (PABA), ethanolamines and petroleum. The safety lotion is
established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose. In
addition, these lotion bars are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause
allergic reactions. Product safety is also established though strict adherence to the
principles of Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices. This includes testing
the compatibility of the product with packaging as well as shelf-life stability. Finally,
using a lotion bar is very convenient and non-greasy.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN LITERATURE

A. Description of lotion bar

Lotion bars are made entirely of oils and waxes. There is no water added so there
is no preservative necessary. You can rub them on the backs of your hands, or all over
your feet, elbow or knees and as the natural warmth of your body heats them up, they
begin to melt leaving behind soft. Lotion bars can be used as an all over body
moisturizer, they tend to be better for younger skin. (Yuri Elkaim, Feb. 19, 2011)

Lotion bar is a cleaner option rather than runny lotions that could spill everywhere.
A lotion bar works like a solid moisturizer. It comes in various shapes and it looks very
much like a soap bar. Since it is made of natural ingredients, the lotion bars stay solid as
long as they are kept at cooler temperatures. It gets warm when it comes into contact with
the body, which makes it easy to apply. It can be used any part of the body. (Pratibha Pal)

B. Uses of lotion bar

Lotion bars are great for treating those very hard callused areas such as the hands,
elbows, or the heels of feet, and are great for cuticles. It may be also used to treat skin
diseases such as eczema, psoriasis and pruritis. They are solid at room temperature. It
does not need to keep reapplying throughout the day like many body lotions; hard lotion
bars have long lasting effects. Lotion bars typically come in small tin containers which
make them very convenient for traveling. They fit very easily in pocket, purse, and
toolbox. (Atom)
C. Description and uses of the ingredients
Beeswax- substance containing a lot of fat that bees produce, used for making
candles and polish for wood. It is used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and humectant.
(Yuri Elkaim, Feb. 19, 2011)
Shea butter- is high in vitamins A & F, antioxidants and essential fatty acids
(linoleic and linolenic) content which is thought to benefit the skin and is also preferred
by people affected eczema and psoriasis.(WSP, May 14, 2015)
Coconut oil- white, semisolid fat or nearly colorless fatty oil extracted from
coconuts, used chiefly in foods and in the manufacture of soaps, cosmetics, and candles.
It is applied to the skin as a moisturizer. (Kehaulani, Dec. 27, 2014)
Essential oil- natural oil typically obtained by distillation and having the
characteristic fragrance of the plant or other source from which it is extracted. It is used
for fragrance. (Kehaulani, Dec. 14, 2014)
Vitamin E- is an excellent antioxidant for products containing oils. It will help
prevent oils from turning brown and going rancid. It is also known to reduce
inflammation and heal dermatitis/eczema. (WSP, May 14, 2015)
D. Other preparations
 Ointments and creams work by trapping existing moisture in your skin. To trap
this much-needed moisture, you need to apply a moisturizer within few minutes of drying
off after a shower and when washing your face or hands.

Use an ointment or cream rather than a lotion. Ointments and creams are more
effective and less irritating than lotions. Look for a cream or ointment that contains an oil
such as olive oil or jojoba oil. Shea butter also works well. Other ingredients that help to
soothe dry skin include lactic acid, urea, hyaluronic acid, dimethicone, glycerin, lanolin,
mineral oil, and petrolatum.

In most cases, dry skin responds well to lifestyle measures, such as using
moisturizers and avoiding long, hot showers and baths. If you have very dry and scaly
skin, your doctor may recommend you use an over-the-counter (nonprescription) cream
that contains lactic acid or lactic acid and urea.
Sometimes dry skin leads to dermatitis, which causes red, itchy skin. In these
cases, treatment may include hydrocortisone-containing lotions. If your skin cracks open,
your doctor may prescribe wet dressings to help prevent infection.
Moisturizing of the skin aims to restore skin to its natural protective condition,
resulting in healthy skin. Cleansers and moisturizers can be considered as cosmeceuticals
if they can alter structure and function. Moisturizers are externally applied compounds
comprising multiple components, including occlusive ingredient, emollients and
humectants (Gao et. al.,2008). Occlusive moisturizing ingredients are the oily substances
that impair the evaporation of skin moisture by forming an epicutaneous greasy film that
impedes water loss. By reducing evaporation, it will increase skin’s hydration.

LOCAL LITERATURE

The solid lotion bars are simply a mixture of nourishing oils, beeswax,
moisturizing butters, and sometimes essential oils for scent.  There are no artificial or
synthetic ingredients in them.  Compared to liquid lotions, they are very concentrated and
compact (most liquid lotions are 70%-80% water).  The warmth from your skin softens
the bar just enough to make it glide easily over your skin and layer everything with the
moisturizing ingredients, which soak in within a few seconds.  The effect is not greasy
because I have chosen oils that absorb quickly and are light, but very high in nutrients.  A
little goes along way and a small lotion bar can last for months with regular use. (Katie,
Jan. 20, 2016)
 Lotion bars are great for everyone, especially those who live in warmer areas and
don’t want their moisturizer to melt! A few of the many health benefits of using coconut
oil, like how it reduce skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis.  It also softens the skin
and relieves dryness and flaking. Applied topically it helps to prevent wrinkles, saggy
skin and age spots. (Tiffany, 2016)
 METHOD AND PROCEDURE

A. Formulation Consideration
Ingredients:
 25g beeswax
 25g virgin coconut oil or almond oil
 25g Shea butter
 5 drops Vitamin E oil
 Essential oil for fragrance (optional, any or all)
 Lime oil, Lavender oil, grapefruit oil, rosemary oil, Sweet pea oil.
Materials used:
 Analytical balance
 Stove
 Casserole
 250 mL beaker
 Stirring rod
 Dropper
 Pipette
 Plastic cups
 Molder

B. Procedure
1. Weigh 25g beeswax, 25g virgin coconut oil, and 25g Shea butter.
2. Melt the beeswax, coconut oil and Shea butter in a beaker under water bath.
3. Remove from heat then add the vitamin E oil and essential oils.
4. Gently stir by hand until essential oils are incorporated.
5. Carefully pour into rubber or plastic soap moulds.
6. Allow the lotion bars to cool completely.
7. Remove from moulds.
8. Put in assigned container. Label it properly
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

During the first trial, the researchers used dairy cream butter as a solid butter
substitute for shea butter on their product. The results were fine and it formed into a
solid bar but the smell of butter interfere with the essential oil that the researchers
used and it is not a good combination for smell. The texture of the solid bar is also
affected by the butter used; it became too oily with a sticky feeling.

During the second trial, the researchers used 1 part of each ingredient. For every one part
of beeswax, they used one part butter (shea butter) and one part of oil (virgin coconut oil)
to achieve the consistency that they are aiming for. At first, they add only 2ml of
fragrance oil (sweet pea oil) but the smell is inadequate so they decided to add another
ml of the fragrance to reach the desired aroma the compunders/ researchers are aiming
for. After that, the solution is poured on a rectangular mold and allowed to cool. After
cooling, it formed into a solid lotion bar that is not candle like or too soft. It is just
perfect and melts as you rub it on skin.
 REFERENCES

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-lotion-bar.htm.
http://www.soapkidz.org/documents/BathAndBody.pdf
http://www.bettersheabutter.com/ebook.pdf
http://www.wintergreenhouse.com/downloadables/e-news/2010/gardeners-lotion-bars.pdf
http://www.soaperschoice.com/soapoils/beeswax.html
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/coconut-oil
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1092-coconut
%20oil.aspx?activeingredientid=1092
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-61621/body-lotion-topical/details
http://eprints.utm.my/34680/3/NorhayatiMohamedNoorMFKK2013CHAP1.pdf
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-
remedies/con-20030009
http://www.seattlesundries.com/news/11734805-solid-lotions#
https://kikiao808.wordpress.com/2014/12/27/easy-anti-eczema-lotion-bars/

http://www.elephantjournal.com/2014/03/diy-lotion-bars-recipe/

https://yurielkaim.com/homemade-lotion-bars/

https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/skin-care/dry-skin