Intended Learning Outcomes

Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

§ define Science and Technology operationally;
§ discuss the importance of Science advancement to your every day’s life;
§ determine your roles and responsibilities in using technology;
§ discuss the developments and innovations in the field of Science and Technology and Society throughout
history of the world and the Philippines; and
§ identify the paradigm shifts in history of the world.

Key Terms:
Science Technology Scientific Revolution
Historical Records Discoveries Science Evolution
Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages Intellectual Personalities

A. Introduction to Science and Technology

Introduction

Imagine yourself walking for more than a kilometer going to school, or doing your assignments in the dark
room with a candle; having no communication with someone you love who is working far away, and that you
need to cook your food from a fire you make out of two rubbing stones. Those were the days experienced by the
older generations which probably you won’t do ever in your life. Having all the things around you now, you just
don’t want to think about going back to the past. All of these started from a kin observation and human desires
to know and to build.

Science has been defined as a systematized body of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of
general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method (Merriam Webster Dictionary). From
the word “scire”, it means to know or to cut off something. Thus Science is both a body of knowledge and a
process. All claims can only be called science once approved and validated by an experiment.

The quest of finding something towards a better life paved its way to great discoveries giving birth to what we
call technology- the practical application of knowledge (Merriam Webster Dictionary). The advancement of
science greatly innovated the kind of life you are living in right now. And since new things may occur, Science
is dynamic in nature- that is, it changes along with changes and that it may vary from one person to another.
The evolution of science is like a boon to the world, as human beings come to know a lot about the world, they
are living in including the activities they indulge into. Furthermore, the development of technology along with
the advancement in Science helps to bring in a revolution in various fields such as medicine, agriculture,
education, information, and technology, and many more.
In the present world, if we think of any sort of development, then the presence of science and technology cannot
be ignored.

What is Science?
Science fundamentally is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world
through observations and experiments.
Study of science evolved with the civilization of human beings.
Science came from the Latin word “ Scientia” which means to know.
SCIENCE is a systematized body of knowledge that undergone process: using the SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
What is scientific method?
 principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and
formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the
formulation and testing of hypotheses
STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
PURPOSE (identifying the problem)
RESEARCH (gathering data)
HYPOTHESIS (Predict the outcome of the problem)
EXPERIMENTATION ( develop a procedure)
ANALYSIS ( Record the result of the experiment)
CONCLUSION (Compare the hypothesis to the experiment and conclusion)

What is Technology?
Technology is the application of Scientific knowledge to PRACTICAL PURPOSES
Technology (which is basically derived from the two Greek words ‘techne’, meaning “craft, art or skill” and
‘logia’, meaning “to study”) is an art, skill or ability, which is used to create and develop products and acquire
knowledge.
In short, it is APPLIED SCIENCE.
Scientists used their knowledge to develop technology and then used technology to develop Science; so,
because of this reason science and technology are an integrated term in today’s world.
Technology is made possible by research and investigation led to invention or development of technologies.
Here are some examples:
Food Technology (Preservation of Foods.)
DNA Technology (Insulin production)
Nuclear Medicine Technology (MRI or Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Diagnosis
Laser Technology (Light Amplification by stimulated Emission of Radiation.) surgery and etc.
Consider the following points to understand the relationship between Science and Technology
- Contribution of Science to Technology
- Contribution of Technology to Science

Let us discuss these points in brief.

Contribution of Science to Technology
· Science as a direct source of new technological ideas
For example, innovation and development medical instruments; nuclear technology, radar system, etc.
Science as a source of engineering

Most of the technical knowledge used in the designing and development of tools and techniques is actually an
outcome of ‘engineering science’.
Science has also helped in the development of human skills. This is one of the fundamental contributions of
Science.

Contribution of Technology to Science
Consider the following points to understand the contribution of Technology to Science −
· Technology as a source of scientific challenges
- The development in the field of technology paves way for research and development in the field of Science.
For example, space science is one of them. Technological development likewise indirectly stimulates basic
research in the field of science.
Space science — science performed from vehicles that travel into Earth's upper atmosphere or beyond—covers
a broad range of disciplines, from meteorology and geology, to lunar, solar, and planetary science, to astronomy
and astrophysics, to the life sciences.
· Instrumentation and measurement techniques
- Development of advanced instruments facilitated scientists to measure the distance between sun and earth,
the intensity of sun’s rays, the revolution of celestial bodies, internal problems of human beings, life of a bridge,
etc.
Hans Lippershey
The telescope was first patented in 1608
Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lippershey (or Lipperhey) is widely credited as the first person to patent
a telescope in 1608. His device, called a kijker ("looker"), was, according to Hans, able to magnify an image up
to three times.

Galileo and his Telescope
Galileo heard about Hans Lippershey's ingenious device via his French associate Jacques Bovedere in 1609. He
immediately set about designing and building his own design without even seeing Han's device.
He was able to make significant improvements on the performance of his telescope reaching magnifications of
around 20 times. Pleased with his creation he subsequently presented it to the Venetian Senate who rewarded
him as a lecturer at the University of Padua for life.
As impressive as this was, he went further, as history attests. Galileo would be the first recorded person to point
his telescope skyward. With his telescope, he was able to make out the cratered surfaces of the moon, drew the
moon's phases in detail, and even described the Milky Way.
His observations also led him to discover the rings of Saturn, sunspots and Jupiter's moons. Galileo would
quickly become convinced that Copernicus's Heliocentric model was absolutely correct - a position that would
ultimately see him put under house arrest by the Catholic Inquisition until his death in 1642.
***** End of Discussion (PART I) ******

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Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Science as a source of engineering

* End of Discussion (PART I) **

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