VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590018

A Project Report on
“Resin 3D Printer”

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the award of the

Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
by
PRATIKSHA MOHAN PATIL AISHWARYA N. SAVANT
(USN NO:2JI17EC450) (USN NO:2JI16EC404)

MRUNAL SANJAY PATIL USHA ANIGOL

(USN NO:2JI17EC434) (USN no:2JI17EC482)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. GOURANG NAIK

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BELAGAVI – 590 014

2019-2020
 JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BELAGAVI
T.S.NAGAR, MACHHE-590014

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Project Work entitled “Resin 3D Printer”, is carried out by Ms.
Pratiksha Mohan Patil(2JI17EC450), Ms. Aishwarya N. Savant(2JI17EC404), Ms.
Mrunal Sanjay Patil(2JI16EC434), Ms. Usha Anigol(2JI17EC428) are bonafied students
of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jain College of
Engineering, Belagavi, in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics and Communication of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,
during the year 2019-2020. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
Continuous Internal Evaluation have been incorporated in the report deposited in the
departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of Project Work prescribed for the said Degree.

Guide HOD Principal & Director

Prof. Gourang Naik Dr. Krupa R.Rasane Dr. K.G.Vishwanath

Name of the examiners Signature with date

1. ______________________ _____________________

2._______________________ _____________________
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work embodied in this report entitled “Resin 3D
Printer” has been carried out by us at Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi, under the supervision of Prof. Gourang
Naik. The report has not been submitted in part or full for the award of any degree of this or
any other university.

Signature of the students

Ms. Pratiksha Mohan Patil (2JI17EC450)
Ms. Aishwaya N. Savant (2JI16EC404)
Ms. Mrunal Sanjay Patil (2JI17EC434)
Ms. Usha Anigol (2JI17EC482)

Date:
Place:Belagavi
 Abstract

Resin 3D printers are great. Because they produce incredibly accurate prints, offer
a wide variety of materials and are relatively fast. These precision machines used to
cost thousands of dollars, but in recent years desktop resin 3D printers have become
ridiculously cheap. DLP technology uses digital projector screen to flash a single
image of each layer across the entire platform at once. Each layer of the 3D model
is displayed as square pixels. There are two methods in 3D printers, i.e. FDM and
SLA. In FDM 3D printing is the ease of printing an object. But FDM 3D printing
is its inability to produce at a fine resolution. Due to the layering method of this
technology, there will be many rigid edges on the surface of the part that require
additional finishing methods, such as sanding , to make it smooth. FDM 3D printing
is inefficient with resources when it comes to mass production. So, we are using
Stereolithography (SLA) method, because it has high precision, fine detail, due to the
great thiness of each layer applied in it (0.06 to 0.10mm) and the fine laser beam.
Overall, there are less budget-friendly SLA machines than FDM 3D printers. Resin
printers can often be found in a professional context.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This document constitutes my project report, which covers the work I have carried out at the
department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jain College of Engineering,
Belgaum.

The culmination of my project work has been possible because of many people who have
been a source of inspiration. Intellectual ideas, constructive criticism, thoughtful insights and
silent prayers from many associates have gone into making of this report.

Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. K G Vishwanath, Principal and Director,
Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum for extending their encouragement and co-operation
during my entire project work.

I extend my deep sense of gratitude and thanks to Dr. Krupa Rasane, Head of Department,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jain College of Engineering,
Belgaum for being a mentor in more ways than one.

Mere words will never be sufficient to express my truthful gratefulness towards my

honourable, esteemed supervisor and guide Prof. Gourang Naik, department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum, for his(her) exemplary
guidance, unfailing support and constant encouragement to complete my project work.

I also extend my thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff, my batch-mates for all my
achievements.

Ms. Pratiksha Mohan Patil

Ms. Aishwarya N. Savant
Ms. Mrunal Sanjay Patil
Ms. Usha Anigol
RESIN 3D PRINTER
Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.1 Fused Depostion Modeling (FDM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.2 Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Review of Literature 4

3 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS 6

3.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1.1 Creation Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1.2 Arduino IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.3 Embedded C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2.1 Arduino UNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2.2 GRBL Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.3 DLP Projector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.4 Stepper motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2.5 ACME thread rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2.6 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2.7 Borosilcate Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.8 Resin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.9 Aluminum plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 18

5 PROPOSED WORK 19

6 IMPLEMENTATION 20
6.1 Creation Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.2 Arduino IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

7 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 23

i
8 CONCLUSION 25

9 FUTURE SCOPE 26

ii
List of Figures

1.1 FDM Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 SLA Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.1 Main windows of creation workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3 Loading image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4 Arduino board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 Grbl board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6 DLP Projector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.7 Stepper motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.8 ACME thread rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.9 Borosilcate Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.10 Resin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.1 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

7.1 Resin 3D Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

iii
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Additive manufacturing is a process of creating 3D objects. Applications find their

way in various industries such as Automotive, Aircraft, Design modeling and Medical.
3D printer is an example of Addituve Manufacturing. These printers are classified
into
1. Cartesian System
2. Delta System
3. Polar System
4. Resin DLP
5. Metal
Additive Manuacturing implies adding the material on top of each other forming
a layer structure in given co-ordinates.

1
 Resin 3D Printer

1.1 Methods
1.1.1 Fused Depostion Modeling (FDM)

Figure 1.1: FDM Method

Fused Depostion Modeling (FDM) sometimes also called filament freeform fabrication,
is a 3D printing process that uses a continous filament of a thermoplastic material.
Filament is fed from large coil through a moving, heated printer, extruder head, and
is deposited on the growing work. The print head is moved under computer control
to define printed shape. Usually the head moves into two dimensions to deposite
one horizontal plane, or layer, at a time, the work or the print head is then moved
vertically by a small amount to begin a new layer. The cartesian system, delta system
and polar system come under this method.
Materials: PLA, ABS, Teflon, Nylon, Ultem, Soft-PLA.
Engineered materials: PEEK, PEKK, PEK.

2
 Resin 3D Printer

1.1.2 Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA)

Figure 1.2: SLA Method

SLA is a form of 3D printing technology used for creating models, prototypes, pat-
terns, at production parts in a layer by layer fashion using photochemical processes
by which light causes chemicals monomers to link together to form polymers. Those
polymers then make up the body of a three-dimensional solid. The SLA process takes
place in a large tank and begins with a layer of liquid polymer spread over a platform.
Since it is UV sensitive, a UV laser hardens the area that will become one layer of the
3D print. Rest of the layer stays liquid. The platform is then lowered and the next
layer is drawn directly on the top of the previous one. Once the object is complete,
raised out of the tank via the supporting platform. Because a liquid material is used
(not powder), we need to add support material for over hanging parts and parts that
stick out.

3
Chapter 2

Review of Literature

1. Z. Xiang, B. Gupta, M. Q. Le, P. J. Cottinet, B. Ducharne,

"Hysteresis Model of 3D Printed Magnetic Particles Based
Polymer Composite Materials", Magnetics Conference (IN-
TERMAG) 2018 IEEE International, pp. 1-5, 2018.
This paper reports a magnetic lump model of a 3D printed polymer matrix filled with
magnetic particles. Due to the intrinsically dielectric nature of the polymer and since
the percolation threshold is not reached even for a high percentage of particles, great
resistivity is still achieved, confirming a significant limitation of the formation of the
so-called “macroscopic” eddy currents. Taking into account this characteristics, the
model investigated in this work essentially focuses on “microscopic” eddy currents that
is mainly related to the movement of magnetic domain walls. The proposed approach
is then validated based on experimental results and finite element method (FEM),
followed by simulation/measurement comparisons over a wide excitation frequency
band.

2.Xiao-Ran Li, Zhe Liu, Wen-Dong Li, Guang-Yu Sun, Jian-

Yi Xue, Chao Wang, Guan-Jun Zhang, "3D printing fabrica-
tion of conductivity non-uniform insulator for surface flashover
mitigation", Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation IEEE Trans-
actions on, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1172-1180, 2019.
Solid insulators applying functionally graded material (d-FGM) have spatially non-
uniform dielectric properties. The d-FGM insulator is effective on insulation per-
formance improvement without complicating the structure; however, the fabrication
of such insulators remains a challenge. To investigate the feasibility of 3D print-
ing technology on d-FGM, we designed and fabricated a conductivity non-uniform

4
 Resin 3D Printer

insulator and tested its surface flashover characteristics. First, a modified genetic
algorithm is employed to design the conductivity distribution in the non-uniform in-
sulator. The designed insulator is then fabricated using a 3D printing process named
fused deposition modeling (FDM), in which we verified the applicability of 3D print-
ing materials on electrical insulation. Finally, compared to the uniform insulator, the
surface flashover voltages of non-uniform insulators were improved by 23% in SF6
and 20% in vacuum. From above, we envision potential application feasibility for 3D
printing of d-FGM in practical insulation design.

5
Chapter 3

PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
AND SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 Creation Workshop
Creation Workshop is a software created to control DLP type printers with ease.

The Main Windows

Figure 3.1: Main windows of creation workshop

There are 4 main windows in the Creation Workshop (CW).

1. Main model window. In this window you will load models, adjust size, add
supports, etc.
2. Preview window. This window displays what your projector will be shining
onto the vat, or the gcode. Its basically the preview tab for your part before you start
printing.

6
 Resin 3D Printer

3. Control window. This window has all your manual controls on it.
4. Configuration window. This window is for configuring your machine and your
resin/slicing profiles.

Configuring the Machine

Figure 3.2: Configuration

RED - This lets you add new machines, or delete ones.

ORANGE - Applies any changes you have made to the currently selected machine
(in RED)
YELLOW - Defines your build size. The adjust button will allow you to fine
tune your build size. If you print a model that is 20mmx20mm, and it comes out
19.2mmx19.7mm, this button will auto-calculate the adjusted build size to get your
model to print out at 20mmx20mm.
GREEN - This is the port that connects to your controller. In the case of the
LiteFab, it would be the port that the Arduino with GRBL installed is on.
BLUE - This is just an informational window. It gives you the accuracy based on
your projector resolution and your build size.
PURPLE - This lets you select which display you want to shine the picture is on.
You will need to have your projector plugged in at this point, or it won’t show up on
the list. The current one listed is just my laptop screen currently. To remove parts,
select the minus button. To pick your display, find it in the list, select it, and click
the plus button. This will add it to the Configured Displays list.
PINK - This area is if you have a USB/Serial enabled projector. You can configure
it here, so you can control the projector through the computer. Additionally, you can
add a Mask here. The mask is a gray-scale image that adjusts the picture output of
the projector, to create a more even light distribution. See link here on how you can
make a Mask. This isn’t required, its more just for enthusiasts.

7
 Resin 3D Printer

BROWN - This has a bunch of options that you can select for your printer, if you
have them.

Loading Parts and Arranging Them

Figure 3.3: Loading image

Here you will learn how to load parts and arrange them. You can scale, move, rotate,
view, etc. all in this window.
First, you will want to load a part to play around with. You can do this by clicking
on the folder in the top left hand corner. You will then need to find a STL file to
load.
SCENE - This gives you a drop down of all the parts you have loaded. The +
will, the - will remove the selected part/support, and the X will remove everything
selected. Additionally, it will show any support material that is used under it. You
will see more about support material in the next step.
OBJECT INFO - This will give you information on the part loaded. The cost is
calculated from your slicing profile cost, based on the volume of the part.
MOVE (mm) - This allows you to move the part. There are several helpful buttons
for arranging parts included. The first will place the part on the build surface, the
second will center the part, and the third will auto-arrange parts onto the build
platform. Auto-arrangement will happen automatically when you load new parts.
Below these 3 buttons are menus for moving the part in any direction. Set the #
of mm to move, then click + or - to move the part along that axis in the specified
direction.
MIRROR - Mirror is pretty simple. Just mirrors parts on that specific plane. I.E.
Z is the plane created by the X and Y axes. Simply put, it will flip the part upside
down for Z, flip it left/right for Y, and forward/backward for X.

8
 Resin 3D Printer

SCALE - Scale will let you adjust the size of your part. You can either scale all
of the axes at once, or one at a time. Additionally, there is a button for converting a
part loaded in inches into mm, and vice versa.
ROTATE - Rotate again is very similar to many of the previous menus. Type your
rotation value between 0 and <360, and click +/- to rotate in Clockwise/Counterclockwise
direction.

Connecting, Slicing, and Printing.

First, go ahead and connect to your machine. This is done using the the plugged in
cord at the top. Once you click it, it should attempt to connect. When successful,
the plug should gray out and the unplugged cord should turn white. Additionally a
new ’window’ should appear on your projector that is all black. This is so that it isn’t
curing resin before you hit print.
Next you will want to slice the part you have loaded. The small cake looking
button to the right of the two cords is the slice button. This will bring up a smaller
window that allows you to pick your resin profile to use for slicing. After slicing, the
print/pause/stop buttons will turn white (if machine is connected) to indicate that
printing is ready. If you want, you can jump over to the Slice View window and take
a look at the slices and Gcode before printing.
When you are ready to start printing, go ahead and hit the Print button! It should
start immediately printing. Pause will temporarily stop printing, and stop will stop
the print entirely.

3.1.2 Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform appli-
cation (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and C++.
It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also with
the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development boards.
The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License,
version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules
of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring
project, which provides many common input and output procedures. User-written
code only requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program
loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an executable
cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distri-
bution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable
code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board

9
 Resin 3D Printer

by a loader program in the board’s firmware. By default, avrdude is used as the

uploading tool to flash the user code onto official Arduino boards.
With the rising popularity of Arduino as a software platform, other vendors started
to implement custom open source compilers & tools (cores) that can build and upload
sketches to other MCUs that are not supported by Arduino’s official line of MCUs.

3.1.3 Embedded C
Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by the C
Standards Committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions
for different embedded systems.
Embedded C programming typically requires nonstandard extensions to the C
language in order to support enhanced microprocessor features such as fixed-point
arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. In 2008, the
C Standards Committee extended the C language to address such capabilities by pro-
viding a common standard for all implementations to adhere to. It includes a number
of features not available in normal C, such as fixed-point arithmetic, named address
spaces and basic I/O hardware addressing. Embedded C uses most of the syntax and
semantics of standard C, e.g., main() function, variable definition, datatype declara-
tion, conditional statements (if, switch case), loops (while, for), functions, arrays and
strings, structures and union, bit operations, macros, etc.

3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1 Arduino UNO

Figure 3.4: Arduino board

10
 Resin 3D Printer

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino. The board is equipped
with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O
pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with
the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable.
It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it
accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the Arduino Nano and
Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative Commons
Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website. Layout
and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.
The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark the initial release
of Arduino Software. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based Arduino
boards; it and version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE were the reference versions of Arduino,
which have now evolved to newer releases. The ATmega328 on the board comes
preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows uploading new code to it without the
use of an external hardware programmer.
While the Uno communicates using the original STK500 protocol, it differs from
all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a
USB-to-serial converter.

Technical specifications

Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P [7]

Operating Voltage: 5 Volts

Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts

Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 can provide PWM output)

UART: 1

I2C: 1

SPPI: 1

Analog Input Pins: 6

DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

11
 Resin 3D Printer

Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM: 2 KB

EEPROM: 1 KB

Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Length: 68.6 mm

Width: 53.4 mm

Weight: 25 g

3.2.2 GRBL Board

Figure 3.5: Grbl board

It is an interfacing board. Grbl is a free, open source, high performance software for
controlling the motion of machines that move, that make things, or that make things
move, and will run on a straight Arduino. Most open source 3D printers have Grbl
in their hearts. It has nice features like Grbl is ready for light duty production.We
use it for all our running it from our laptops using great user-written GUIs or with a
sinole console script to stream the G-code. It is written in optimized C utilizing all
the clever features of the Arduino’s Atmega328p chips to achieve precise timing and
asynchronous operation. Grbl is for 3 axis machines. The firmware of Grbl is dumped
in Arduino.

Grbl features

1. Simple and intuitive for small screens

2. Importing g-code and dxf files

12
 Resin 3D Printer

3. Fast g-code sender

4. workspace configuration

5. G-code editor and display - Graphical display of the g-code and workspace,
Graphically moving and editing g-code, Moving, rotating, mirroring the g-code

6. Easy probing

3.2.3 DLP Projector

Figure 3.6: DLP Projector

DLP (Digital Light Processing) is a similar process to stereolithography in that it is a

3D printing process that works with photopolymers .DLP which emmits the UV rays
and by the help of UV rays resin is cured.The major difference is the light source.
DLP uses a more conventional light source, such as an arc lamp with a liquid crystal
display pannel, which is applied to the entire surface of the vat of phptopolymer resin
in a single pass, generally making it faster than SLA. The DLP projector displays the
image of the 3D model onto the liquid polymer.
A DLP projector uses the stationary projecfor to display the entire X and Y
portions at once onto a resin that turn from solid into a liquid from the light emitted
by the projector in the shape of th projected image,and uses one axis for the Z motion.
The light source of a DLP 3D printer itself ,an LED screen,means nothing without
a digital micromirror device(DMD). A DMD contains hundreds of thousands or even
millions of small micro mirrors that direct the light and create the pattern of a layer
onto the botton of the resin tank.

13
 Resin 3D Printer

3.2.4 Stepper motor

Figure 3.7: Stepper motor

Nema 23 stepper motor with holding torque 10kg/cm Compatible with TB6600
and 2-phase stepper drivers. A stepper motor, alsp known as step motor or stepping
motor, is brushless DC electric motor that divides afull rotation into a number of
equal steps. The motor’s position can then be commanded to move and hold at one
of these steps without position sensor for feedback (an open-loop controller), as long
as the motor is carefully sized to the application in respect to torque and speed.

Working of Stepper motor

Stepper motors operate differently from DC brush motors, which rotate when volt-
age is applied to their terminals. Stepper motors, on the other hand, effectively
have multiple toothed electromagnets arranged around a central gear-shaped piece of
iron. The electromagnets are energized by an external control circuit, for example a
microcontroller.
Stepper Motor Circuit Stepper Motor Circuit To make the motor shaft turn, first
one electromagnet is given power, which makes the gear’s teeth magnetically attracted
to the electromagnet’s teeth. The point when the gear’s teeth are thus aligned to the
first electromagnet, they are slightly offset from the next electromagnet. So when
the next electromagnet is turned ON and the first is turned OFF, the gear rotates
slightly to align with the next one and from there the process is repeated. Each of
those slight rotations is called a step, with an integer number of steps making a full
rotation. In that way, the motor can be turned by a precise. Stepper motor doesn’t
rotate continuously, they rotate in steps. There are 4 coils with 90o angle between
each other fixed on the stator. The stepper motor connections are determined by
the way the coils are interconnected.In stepper motor, the coils are not connected
together. The motor has 90o rotation step with the coils being energized in a cyclic

14
 Resin 3D Printer

order, determining the shaft rotation direction. The working of this motor is shown
by operating the switch. The coils are activated in series in 1 sec intervals. The shaft
rotates 90o each time the next coil is activated. Its low speed torque will vary directly
with current.

3.2.5 ACME thread rods

Figure 3.8: ACME thread rods

Acme threaded rod were invented in 1895 to change square thrads and a various
threads of other forms which used for the aim of generatiing trversing motions on
tools, machines and for hevy load work. These threads are broad and square, huge
which provides great strength. Acme threaded bar use in Aluminium Plate various
applications like heating, plumbing, construction , electrical and fabrication. The
main advantage of an ACME thread for applications of power trasmission . The acme
thread rod is mostly used for jack screws, lad screws, CNC systems and many variety
of applications. Its also used in various industrial applications where heavy torque
and power transmission is requiring such as milling machinces, lathes and presses.

3.2.6 Power Supply

A power supply is an electrical device that supllies elctric power to an electrical load.
The primary function of power supply is to convert electric cureent froma source to
the correct voltage, current and frequency to power the load. AS a resukt, power
supplies are sometimes refereed to as electric power converters. Some power supplies
are separate satndalone pieces of equipment, while others are built into the load
appliances that they power. All power supllies have power input connection, which
receives energy in the form of eletric current from a source, and one or more power
output connections that deliver current to the load.

15
 Resin 3D Printer

3.2.7 Borosilcate Glass

Figure 3.9: Borosilcate Glass

Every glass is not similar. Borosilacte glass can transfer any kind of raditaion,
UV rays without any interrpution. It is chemically resistant, has a low thermal
expansion coefficent and can be used at relatively high temperatures. It is widely
used in chemical and engineering applications.
Borosilicate glass is highly durable and, particularly important for 3D printing, has
a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. When it comes into contact with heat
such as high temperature of molten 3D printing material, borosilicate glass works
particularly well when paired with a heat bed, which is used to slow the cooling
process of a printed object, thereby reducing the risk of warping.

3.2.8 Resin

Figure 3.10: Resin

In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly viscous

substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polmers. Tough
resin is compromise between the material properties of durable and standard resin.
It has tensile strength, so it is best suited for rigid parts that require high stiffness.

16
 Resin 3D Printer

It is one of the most widely used 3D printing technologies for plastic 3D mod-
els.Instead of using powder or filament ,stereolithography technology uses a liquid
resin to produc 3D prints.Epoxy resins are used in the manifacture of adhesives,flooring,plastics,paints
and sealers and other products and materials that are used in building and construc-
tion applications.

Advantages

1. Low shrinkage during cure.

2. Excellent chemical resistance .

3. Good electrical properties.

4. Impact resistance.

5. Long shelf life

3.2.9 Aluminum plate

Aluminum sheet is any aluminum metal thicker than foil but thinner than 6mm, it
comes in many forms including diamond plate, expanded, perforated and painted
aluminum sheet.

17
Chapter 4

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 4.1: Block Diagram

The stereolithography process takes place in a large tank an begins with a layer of
liquid polymer spread over a platform.Since this picked polymer is UV-sensitive, a
UV laser hardens the area that will become one layer of a 3D print. The rest of the
layer is liquid. The platform is then lowered and the next layer is drawn directly on
the top of the previous one.
When the object is complete, it is raised out of the tank via the supporting plat-
form, much like a submarine rising to the surface of the water with the excess liquid
flowing away. Because a liquid material is used (and not powder), we need to add
support material for overhanging parts and parts that stick out. The supports will
then be removed manually after the model is taken out from the machine.

18
Chapter 5

PROPOSED WORK

The technology behind (most) resin 3D prints is known as Stereolithography. And

here’s the one-minute explanation of how Stereolithography works:
In the first instance, the roller of the printer spreads out a razor-thin layer of
liquid polymer. Since this layer is liquid, it will spread out over the entire platform
ensuring that each layer has a consistent thickness. The liquid polymer we use is UV
sensitive. When struck by a computer-controlled UV laser, the resin will change from
a liquid to solid state. Basically, the laser “draws” the outlines of the print onto the
resin layer and hardens the parts that it touches. The parts that are not touched
by the laser will remain liquid. These two steps are repeated over and over again.
The model is lowered by a fraction, and the roller spreads out a new layer. The laser
then solidifies specific areas of that layer, which will become parts of your 3D print.
This is repeated until the model is finished. Once the printing process is completed
and the entire object has been printed, the print is raised out of the resin tank. The
excess liquid will simply flow away and can be reused for other prints. The prints then
need to be removed and finished manually (i.e. remove support structure, smoothen
surfaces, spray-paint surfaces, etc.)

19
Chapter 6

IMPLEMENTATION

Stereolithography (SLA) is an additive manufacturing process that belongs to the

Vat Photopolymerization family. In SLA, an object is created by selectively curing
a polymer resin layer-by-layer using an ultraviolet (UV) laser beam. The materials
used in SLA are photosensitive thermoset polymers that come in a liquid form.

6.1 Creation Workshop

Creation Workshop is a software created to control DLP type printers with ease. This
workshop is mainly used for creating the shape of the objects. This is the main input
for the Arduino.
In Creation workshop we can shape images according to ours requirements with
.stl, .Obj, .3ds extension. So the layers area formed, depending on the images we have
selected and depend on the layer the time estimation is decided.
Once the layers are formed, the creation workshop tool generates the gcodes.

6.2 Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform appli-
cation (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and C++.
It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also with
the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development boards. Here standard libraries
are been called.
#include <config.h>
#include <coolant_control.h>
#include <defaults.h>
#include <eeprom.h>
#include <gcode.h>

20
 Resin 3D Printer

#include <grblmain.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <motion_control.h>
#include <nuts_bolts.h>
#include <planner.h>
#include <print.h>
#include <protocol.h>
#include <report.h>
#include <serial.h>
#include <settings.h>
#include <spindle_control.h>
#include <stepper.h>
void setup() {
}
void loop() {
}

#include <config.h>
This configuration library contains the pin configuration of Arduino and GRBL.

#include <defaults.h>
The functions of each pin is decared under this library.

#include <gcode.h>
The parameters to be stored in the Arduino on every restart are availabe in this
libraries.

#include <grblmain.h>
This library is used for decoding the gcodea in the Ardunio which are sent from the
creation workshop software

#include <nuts_bolts.h>
This library is used to declare the function in the motion control. It controls all the
access.

21
 Resin 3D Printer

#include <spindle_control.h>
This library is used in the serial communication with the computer.

#include <stepper.h>
This library is used for stepper motor control.

22
Chapter 7

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The outcome of this project was to build a portable 3D Printer which has been
successfully completed. The design of the frame is made robust and compact using
aluminum sections. The material selection of the various elements is economical. The
drawback in few of the 3D Printer which uses bed movement in Y axis has distortion
of the printed layer at high rates of printing. To overcome this drawback, a new
mechanism has been developed which uses bed movements in Z. The control of the
mechanism becomes easy because of less number of motors and good synchronization
can be achieved using this new 3D printer technique.

23
 Resin 3D Printer

Figure 7.1: Resin 3D Printer

24
Chapter 8

CONCLUSION

3D printing, like modeling or three dinensional scanning is a creation tool among other
things, but what most distinguishes is its potential to create an almost unlimited
number of shapes. As with every tool, you need to master it, to make advantages
of its abilities, but also know its limits. Prototyping is not the ultimate solution for
every manufacturing need. Techniques that are hundreds, or even thousands, of years
old such as casting, machining, and blowing, will still stay in our industrial landscape
for a long time. The real revolution that these digital manufacturing and design tools
provide is that of overall control.
3D printing is an expanding technology which may soon start an industry in which
everyone has a possibility of being a manufacturer.
3D printing has a lot of possible benifits to society, although the products created
must be regulated.

25
Chapter 9

FUTURE SCOPE

1. 3D printing will become a main stream technology for serial production.

2. Design software for additive will become more integrated and easier to use.

3. Focusing on education will enable more 3D printing applications and adoption.

4. 3D printing will become smarter.

5. Metal 3D printing will continue to mature.

6. Composite 3D printing will offer a huge market opportunity.

7. Automation will become a key focus for the industry

26
Bibliography

[1] 3D printer overview www.enerzi3d.com

[2] Resin and resin types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin

[3] Metal 3D printer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing

[4] DLP projector https://www.benq.com/en-in/projector.html

[5] CNC and VFM machines “www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_Control”

www.wikipedia.org/wiki/vmc

[6] Z. Xiang, B. Gupta, M. Q. Le, P. J. Cottinet, B. Ducharne, "Hysteresis Model of

3D Printed Magnetic Particles Based Polymer Composite Materials", Magnetics
Conference (INTERMAG) 2018 IEEE International, pp. 1-5, 2018.

[7] Xiao-Ran Li, Zhe Liu, Wen-Dong Li, Guang-Yu Sun, Jian-Yi Xue, Chao Wang,
Guan-Jun Zhang, "3D printing fabrication of conductivity non-uniform insula-
tor for surface flashover mitigation", Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation IEEE
Transactions on, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1172-1180, 2019.

27