Planets of Solar System

PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1. MERCURY ‫عطارد‬
Mercury is the first planet in distance from the Sun in the solar system. It is the smallest of the
rocky or terrestrial planets that include Venus, Earth, and Mars. Mercury has only a trace of an
atmosphere and no moons of its own. It is the second hottest planet after Venus. Mercury circles the Sun
every 88 Earth days at an average distance of 58 million km and takes 59 days to turns on its axis.
Mercury’s diameter is 4,879 km about 40 percent the diameter of Earth. The force of gravity on the
planet’s surface is about one-third of that on Earth’s surface. Two moons in the solar system, Jupiter’s
Ganymede and Saturn’s Titan are also larger than Mercury. Mercury was named for the fleet-footed
messenger of the Gods in Roman mythology.
2. VENUS ‫زہرہ‬
Venus is the second planet in distance from the Sun, but the hottest planet in the solar system
(hotter than Mercury). Venus is nearly the same size as Earth, but takes 243 days to rotate on its axis in
the opposite direction. Its rotational period is -243 days (Venus rotates from East to West, opposite to
Earth’s Rotation of West to East). Venus circles the Sun at a distance of 108 million km in a little over seven
months. Its equatorial radius is 6,052 km nearly as same as the Earth. It also lacks a moon. Except for the
Sun and the Moon, Venus is the brightest object in the sky. It is often called the morning star when it
appears in the east at sunrise and the evening star when it is in the west at sunset. The planet was named
for Venus, the Roman Goddess of Beauty.
3. EARTH ‫زمین‬
Earth is the third planet in distance from the Sun in the solar system, the only planet known to
harbour life, and the “home” of human beings. From space Earth resembles a big blue marble with swirling
white clouds floating above blue oceans. About 71 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water. The rest
is land, mostly in the form of continents that rise above the oceans. Earth’s surface is surrounded by a
layer of gases known as the atmosphere, which extends upward up to 1000 kms approximately, suitable
for water to exist in liquid form. Below the surface it is divided into three layers of Crust on the top, Mantle
in the middle and Core in the centre. Its average distance from the Sun is 149.6 million km. The Earth’s
equatorial radius is about 6,378 km. It orbits the sun in 1 year. Our Earth has only one moon.
4. MARS ‫مریخ‬
Mars is the fourth planet in distance from the Sun. The length of its day and the tilt of its axis are
similar to those of Earth. Mars takes about two years to circle the Sun at an average distance of 228 million
km. It is sometimes called the red planet because it appears fiery red in Earth’s night sky, the result of
rusty, iron-oxide mineral dust that covers its surface. Mars is a relatively small planet, with a diameter of
about 6,794 km or about half the diameter of Earth. The atmosphere of Mars is 95 percent carbon dioxide
(CO2). Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are named after the sons of the Roman God Mars.
Phobos appears to rise in the west and set in the east, usually twice each day. While Deimos rises in the
east and setting in the west. Mars is named for the Roman God of War.
5. JUPITER ‫مشتری‬
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the solar system. It’s the fourth
brightest object in Earth’s sky, after the Sun, the Moon, and Venus. Jupiter orbits the Sun at an average
distance of 778 million km. Jupiter takes 11.9 Earth years to orbit the sun. Jupiter’s equatorial diameter is
143,000 km. From a distance Jupiter appears to have horizontal stripes, which result from winds that shear
its cloud layers into sharply defined bands. Jupiter’s most famous storm, the Great Red Spot, has persisted
for centuries. Jupiter’s low density indicates that the planet is composed primarily of the lightest elements
that are hydrogen and helium giving it overall hazy yellow-brown appearance. Jupiter, encircled by at least
63 natural satellites and a series of thin rings, is similar to a miniature solar system. Due to its prominence
in the sky, the Romans named the planet for their chief God, Jupiter.
6. SATURN ‫ذحل‬
Saturn is the sixth planet in order of distance from the Sun, and the second largest in our solar
system. Saturn’s most distinctive feature is a giant system of rings that surrounds the planet at its equator,
stretching over twice the width of the planet itself. Saturn's atmosphere is composed mostly of molecular
hydrogen and helium giving it overall hazy yellow-brown appearance. The diameter of Saturn is about
121,000 km and its mass is equal to the mass of about 95 Earths, making it the second largest planet in
our solar system after Jupiter. Saturn takes about 29.5 years to orbit the Sun at an average distance of
1,435 billion km. Saturn’s famous disk of rings are named in order of their discovery, and from the planet
outward they are known as the D, C, B, A, F, G, and E rings. Saturn has at least 60 moons. The planet is
named for Saturn, the Roman God of agriculture.
7. URANUS ‫یورینس‬
Uranus is the seventh planet in distance from the Sun and third largest planet in diameter. Uranus
is one of the giant or Jovian planets. Uranus is also classified as an ice giant planet. Its atmosphere is
mainly hydrogen and helium, along with methane gas that gives the planet a blue-green colour. Uranus
orbits the Sun at an average distance of 2,860 million km in a period of 84 Earth years. The diameter of
Uranus at its equator is 51,118 km. Astronomers have identified 13 rings and at least 27 moons that orbit
Uranus. Uranus is named after the God of the Heavens in Greek and Roman mythology.
8. NEPTUNE ‫نیپچون‬
Neptune is the eighth planet in distance from the Sun and fourth largest planet in diameter.
Neptune is one of the large gaseous or Jovian planets. Neptune is also classified as an ice giant planet. Its
atmosphere is mainly hydrogen and helium, along with methane gas that gives the planet a blue-green
colour. Neptune orbits the Sun at an average distance of about 4,490 million km in a period of 165 Earth
years. Its diameter at the equator is about 49,520 km. Neptune has four rings and 14 known moons. The
planet is named after the Sea God Neptune in Roman mythology.
9. DWARF PLANETS ‫چھوٹےسیارے‬

Dwarf Planet is a type of body in the solar system that has a rounded shape like a major planet
but is too small to clear other bodies from the region of space around its orbit with its own gravity. Dwarf
planets orbit the Sun and may have moons and atmospheres like planets. However, they are found in
regions of the solar system that contain swarms of other small bodies: the asteroid belt, the Kuiper Belt,
and the Oort Cloud. Recognized dwarf planets include Pluto (formerly counted as the ninth planet), Eris,
and Ceres (formerly considered the largest asteroid).

Planets of Solar System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Planets of Solar System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Planets of Solar System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

9. DWARF PLANETS ‫چھوٹےسیارے‬

You might also like