Elegy (‡kvKMv_v) : (30Zg wewmGm )

Elegy kãwU MÖxK Ô ElegosÕ I j¨vwUb Ô ElegiaÕ kã †_‡K e¨yrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q hvi A_© n‡jv ‗Lament‘ ev †kvKµ›`b|
cÖvPxb MÖxK I †ivgvb mvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl (cici †n•vwgUvi I †c›UvwgUvi Pi‡Y) GwjRxq Q‡›` iwPZ KweZv‡KB elegy ejv
n‡Zv| GwjwR wQj Foot song hv g~jZ hš¿ m½xZ| wKš` eZ©gv‡b g„Z e¨w³ ev †kvKven NUbvi m¥i‡Y Kwei e¨w³MZ wejvcB
Elegy wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| (The word elegy derived from the Greek ‗Elegos‘ and the latin word ‗Elegia‘
which means lament. In ancient Greek literature it was foot song. In Greek and Latin poetry,
elgey refers to a special type of meter (Hexameters and pentameters). At present elegy refers to a
lyric poem of mourning for the death of an individual or lamenting over a tragic event.)
GwjwR Kve¨ixwZwU Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i A½ n‡jI wcÖqRb we‡qv‡M ev †kvKven †Kvb g„Z¨yNUbvq Kve¨wejvc iPbvi aviv c„w_exi
me©‡`kxq mvwn‡Z¨B cÖPwjZ|
wKš` GB we¯§q †e`bv fvlvi ewntcÖKv‡k KZ bv ˆewPΨgq! Ò In death we are all one but in our respones to
death how various!‖. GwjwR m¤ú‡K© K_vUv LyeB mv_©K| ZvB elegy-‡K ejv nq AvZ¥vi mvwnZ¨|
†hgb: Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i weL¨vZ elgey-i bvg wb‡¤œ †`Iqv n‡jv:
weL¨vZ GwjwR/‡kvKMv_v
On the death of Elegies hvi g„Zz¨i Rb¨ †jLv Elegy Writers
Arthur Henry Hallam In Memoriam eÜy †nbwi nvjvg gvÎ 22 eQi Alfred Tennyson
eq‡m gviv hvq| G KweZvwU
wjL‡Z Kwei 17 eQi (1833-
1850) mgq †j‡MwQj|
Sir Philip Sydney Astophel m¨vi wdwjc wmWwbi g„Zz¨‡Z Edmund Spenser
(Bswjk Kwe)
Milton‘s Friend Edward Lycidas (Pastoral Elegy)
wgë‡bi eÜz GWIqvW© wKs John Milton
King g„Zz¨‡Z
Friend Arthur Hugh Thyrsis eÜz Av_©vi wnDR Gi g„Zz¨‡Z
Clough Mathew Arnold
Wordsworth, Byron, Memorial Verses IqvW©mIqv_©, jW© evBib, M¨v‡U
Goethe G‡`i g„Zz¨‡Z
Fore Fathers Elegy Written in a _gvm †MÖ Gi c~e©cyiæl‡`i Thomas Gray
Country Churchyard g„Zz¨‡Z ev ÷K cW‡MR bvgK (Graveyard Poet)
(1751 Published) MÖv‡g kvwqZ‡`i
John Keats Adonais wKUm Gi g„Zz¨‡Z P.B. Shelley
W.B. Yeats In memory of W.B. B‡qUm Gi g„Zz¨‡Z W.H. Auden
Yeats
GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi elegy n‡jv Pastoral Elegy ev ivLvwjqv ‡kvKMv_v| K¬vwmK¨vj ivLvwjqv ‡kvKMv_v Kv‡e¨ ïay †kv‡Ki KweZv bq
Ab¨vb¨ welqI ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
S.T.Coleridge- Gi g‡Z. ÒElegy is a form of poetry natural to the reflective mind A_©vr ms‡e`bkxj g‡bi Mfx‡i
AviI A‡bK welq Qvqv †dj‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: MÖvg¨ cÖK…wZ, †glcvj‡Ki Rxeb, AZxZ cyiv‡Yi RMr, kvk^Z Rxeb BZ¨vw`| GLv‡b hvi
g„Z¨y‡Z †kvKcÖKvk Kiv nq Ges †h †kvK cÖKvk K‡i Dfq‡KB †glcvjKiƒ‡c wPwÎZ Kiv nq| Pastoral Elegy- Gi D™¢veK n‡jb
cÖvPxb wmwmjxq Kwe w_IwµUvm|
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ †hgb †kvKMv_v i‡q‡Q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨I †Zgwb †kvKMv_v i‡q‡Q |
†hgb:
Ò‡Zvgvwi Av‡jv‡Z iwe kwk R¦‡j,
Ze i~c gvayh© MM‡b f~Z‡j,
Ze ‡cÖg ivM Kwi‡Q civM
weKvwk ü`q Kzmyg `‡j| (kvwšÍ- Kv`w¤^bx †Nvl)
Avevi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvui ‗¯§iY‘ KweZvq wj‡L‡Qb-
ÒN‡i †gvi bvwn †Zvi †h Ag„Z im,
wek^ gv‡S cvB †mB nviv‡bv cik|Ó

Grammar: Elegy is a noun ; Plural – Elegies ;

Adjective: Elegiac .

Other Literary Terms

Literary Terms Explanation
with Bengali
meaning
Abstract (mvivsk) The term is used to describe the summary of any piece of written work very
briefly.
Example: The abstract of a thesis, dissertation or article.
Analogy (mv`„k¨) Analogy is a comparison between two things. Analogies function to describe or
explain one thing by examining its similarities with another thing.
Example: GREEN : COLOR : ORCHID : FLOWER
Anecdote (mswÿß A very short story that is usually interesting or amusing, and concerns real
Kvwnbx) incident or person.
Antagonist (cÖwZcÿ) The character in a fiction or drama, who acts in direct opposition to or in
conflict with the protagonist.
Example:
 Iago acts as the antagonist to Othello in Othello by Shakespeare
 MacDuff is an antagonist of Macbeth in Macbeth.
Aphorism (cÖev`) Aphorism is a terse, statement of truth expressed in a concise and witty
manner.
Example:
 ―Pride goeth before a fall.‖ (Proverb)
 ―To err is human, to forgive divine.‖ (An Essay on Criticism)
Apostrophe (m‡¤^vab- It is a device by which a speaker directly addresses to someone (or
Aj¼vi) something) that is not present or cannot respond in reality.
Example: O Wind,
If Winter comes ,Can Spring be far behind?
Bibloghraphy A list of the books and articles that have been used by someone when writing
(MÖš’ZvwjKv) a book or article.
Blank verse (AwgÎvÿvi Poetry without rhymes. Blank verse is most commonly found in the form of
Q›`) iambic pentameter.
William Shakespeare, John Milton, and William Wordsworth used blank
verse in their works.
Brochure (cyw¯ÍKv) A small book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product
or a company.
Burlesque (e¨½vZ¥K It is a comic or satirical imitation of a literary or musical work in prose or
iPbv) poetry.
Example:
 The Knight of the Burning Pestle (William Shakespeare)
 The Rehearsal (George Villers)
Canto (mM©) A Canto is a subdivision or part in a narrative or epic poem. The word ―canto‖
originates from the Latin word cantus, which means ―a song.‖
Example:
 Edmund Spenser‘s The Faerie Queene (1590–1609)
 Dante‘s The Divine Comedy (1472)
 Lord Byron‘s Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage (1812) use cantos as
subdivisions.
Caricature (e¨½wPÎ) A picture that exaggerates a person‘s features to produce a comic or grotesque
effect.Political cartoonists often use caricature to illustrate the character of
their subject.
Example:
 Volpone in Jonson‘s Volpone .
 Uriah Heep in Dicken‘s David Copperfield .
Catastrophe (wech©q) A catastrophe is a disaster. It originally refers to the tragic end of a drama, usually a
tragedy.
Example:
 In Othello it is caused when Othello kills Desdemona and then kills himself.
Chorus (mg‡eZ m½xZ) A group of performers who comment together on the main action in a play.
Example:
“Do not go gentle into that good night" by Dylan Thomas is an example of
chorus.
Comedy Comedy is a type of dramatic work that is amusing and satirical in its tone with
(nvm¨imvZ¥K bvUK) a cheerful ending.
Example:
 As You Like It by William Shakespeare is an example of comedy.
Couplet (wØc`x / †køvK) Two lines of verse rhyming together.
Diction (kãPqb) The choice of words in Iiterature.
Dramatic Monologue A kind of lyric poem in which a single speaker expresses his thoughts and
(bvUKxq ¯^M‡Zvw³) feelings to an imaginary listener.
 Robert Browning‘s “My Last Duchess” , “ Andrea del Sarto” .
 Alfred Lord Tennyson‘s “ Ulysses”
 T. S. Eliot‘s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” are excellent examples of
dramatic monologues.
Epilogue(bvU‡Ki †kl A short speech that is delivered at the end of a play. Epilogue is the opposite
msjvc) of prologue.
Example:
 The Tempest by William Shakespeare.
 George Orwell appending an epilogue to his novel Animal Farm.
Epitaph (mgvwawjwc) An inscription on a tomb or a grave in memory of the one buried there; a short
piece of writing about someone who is dead .
Example:
 “Quoth the raven, „Nevermore” —Edgar Allen Poe
 “Free at Last, Free at Last / Thank God Almighty / I‟m Free at Last.”—
Reverend Martin Luther King, Junior.
Eulogy (D”PcÖksmv) A speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly,
especially a tribute to someone who has just died.
Fable (DcK_v) A short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral.
 Example:
 Aesop‘s fables are the best examples.
Farce (cÖnmb) A farce is a literary term used to describe a satire or comedy.
Example:
 The movie comedies of Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton are examples of
pure farce.
Fiction (nvm¨im) A farce is a type of comedy or comedic element that describes imaginary
events.
Hamartia (fzjcÖm~Z Hamartia is a personal error, a flaw, or weakness that causes in a protagonist‘s
bvq‡Ki cZb) personality which brings a tragic downfall . It is also called tragic flaw.
Example:
 King Lear‘s error of judgement.
 Hamlet‘s indecision .
Hymn A religious song or poem in praise of God.
(¯`wZMvb/Ck^ie›`bv) Spenser, Blake , Tennyson are famous hymn writing poets.
Limerick(‡KŠZzKc~Yc
© Â A humorous rhyming poem of five lines is known as limerick.
c`x Qov)
Machiavellain(m¦v_©‡š^lx A cunning , unscrupulous person in a play ( A selfish character ).
e¨w³)
Mock Epic (e¨½ Mock epic is a long, funny poem written in mock heroic style.
gnvKve¨) Example:
Alexander Pope‘s ―The Rape of the Lock‖ recasts a petty high-society scandal
as a mythological battle for the virtue of an innocent.
Monologue (¯^M‡Zvw³) A monologue is a speech given by a single character in a story.
Pamphlet (ÿz`ª cyw¯ÍKv) A pamphlet is a very thin book, with a paper cover, which
gives information about something.

Example:
Milton‘s Areopagitica is an example of pamphlet.
Pastoral Elegy Pastoral elegy is an elegy in which the poet represents himself as a shepherd
(cjøxRxeb wb‡q iwPZ mourning the death of a fellow shepherd.It uses pastoral setting.
KweZv) Example:
 Spenser‘s Astrophel,
 Milton‘s Lycidas and
 Shelley‘s Adonais are the most notable examples of pastoral elegy.
Pathos (KiæY im) The quality of a literary work to arouse pity, sympathy, and sorrow in the mind
of the readers.

Play (bvUK) A dramatic work designed to be performed on a stage.

Plot (bvUK ev Dcb¨v‡mi A plot is the logical arrangements of events and actions.
iƒc‡iLv)
Poetry (Kve¨) Any kind of metrical composition that conveys a certain meaning.
Protagonist (g~j PwiÎ/) The leading character of actor in a play.
Pun(GKB k‡ãi wfbœv_©K Play on words that will have two meanings.
e¨envi)

Quatrain (PZz®ú`x c`¨) A four line stanza is known as a quartrain.

Soliloquy (¯^M‡Zvw³) A dramatic technique of speaking alone on the stage.

Symbol (&cÖZxK) A symbol is any image or thing which stands for something else.
Example:
 A broken mirror may symbolize separation.
 A rose stands for beauty.
Synecdoche (jÿYv) A figure of speech in which a part stands for the whole or vice versa. There
are two key types of synecdoche: microcosm and macrocosm.
 The word boots refers to soldiers.
 Pentagon often refers to a few decision-making generals.
Syntax (evK¨ixwZ) Syntax is the grammatical structure of words and phrases to create coherent
sentences. Syntex is one of the three branches of grammar.
Tragedy (we‡qvMvšÍK Tragedy is a form of drama in which the main character is brought to ruin for a
bvUK) mistake , especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness.
Example:
William Shakespeare‘s play Macbeth by is a tragedy. In this drama,the
protagonist, Macbeth, suffers great downfall due to his thirst for power.