Seentestbio1unit 5 PDF
Seentestbio1unit 5 PDF
Seentestbio1unit 5 PDF
Pupil diameter / mm
Time / s
Unconscious patient Conscious patient
0.0 4.40 4.40
0.2 4.21 4.20
0.4 3.84 3.82
0.6 3.46 3.45
0.8 3.22 3.20
1.0 3.00 2.99
(ii) Place a cross in the box next to the correct phrase that completes the
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following statement.
The change in the pupil diameter of this unconscious patient occurs because
(1)
A radial muscles relax and circular muscles relax
B radial muscles contract and circular muscles contract
C radial muscles relax and circular muscles contract
D radial muscles contract and circular muscles relax
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*(b) Explain how bright light shone into the eye is detected by cells in the retina
leading to nerve impulses being sent to the brain.
(5)
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2 A scarecrow is a model of a human dressed in old clothes.
The photograph below shows some scarecrows in the middle of a field of crops.
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Some farmers believe that a scarecrow will frighten birds and the crops will not be eaten.
However, some scientists believe that habituation by the birds will occur and the
crops will be eaten.
(a) Explain what is meant by the term habituation.
(2)
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(b) (i) Describe an investigation to determine whether habituation by the birds
occurs in the presence of a scarecrow.
(5)
(ii) In the space below, draw a sketch graph to show the data obtained if
habituation by the birds occurs.
(2)
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3 The heart rate at rest changes during exercise.
The diagram below shows different stages in the passage of electrical activity
through the heart during one heartbeat.
The arrows and numbers represent the different stages.
2
1
(a) Place a cross in the box next to the correct number or word to complete each
of the following statements.
(i) The number in the diagram that represents the bundle of His is
(1)
A 1
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B 3
C 4
D 5
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(ii) There is a delay of 0.13 s between atrial systole and ventricular systole.
The number in the diagram that represents where this delay occurs is
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(1)
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
T
P
Q
S
(1)
A P
B Q
C R
D T
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(b) Nervous and hormonal control can increase the heart rate during exercise.
(i) Describe how the heart rate can be increased by nervous control during
Give one similarity and one difference between hormonal and nervous
(ii)
control of the heart rate.
(2)
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4 Pain is felt when nerve impulses travel along neurones to the pain centre in the brain.
Dentists inject an anaesthetic drug into a patient’s gum to provide pain relief.
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H3C
O CH2
H2N C O CH2 CH2 N
CH2
H3C
(i) Draw a circle around the part of this drug that is an amine group.
(1)
(ii) This anaesthetic drug works by binding to channel proteins in the axons
of neurones. These neurones normally transmit impulses that the brain
interprets as pain.
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Explain how this anaesthetic drug prevents the patient feeling pain.
(4)
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(iii) The injection for pain relief contains the anaesthetic drug and a chemical that
causes vasoconstriction.
(b) A different anaesthetic drug works by binding to calcium ion channels when an
impulse arrives at a synapse.
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(c) The graph below shows the pain relief provided by two different anaesthetic
drugs, A and B.
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100
Key
Drug A:
80 Drug B:
Percentage of pain relief (%)
60
40
20
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0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Time after injection / hours
Suggest how a dentist could use this data when deciding which anaesthetic drug
to use.
(3)
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5 The photograph below shows the African cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus.
The cheetah is the fastest land mammal. The cheetah needs to be within 50 m of its
Answer ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) Table 1 below shows the activity of four different enzymes in the cells of two
different leg muscles of a cheetah.
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Table 1
Place a cross in the box next to the correct phrase that completes each of the
following statements.
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(c) Conservationists are concerned that keeping cheetahs in captivity may affect the
percentage of slow twitch and fast twitch fibres in their muscles.
Table 2
(ii) Using the data in Table 2, suggest a conclusion that can be drawn about the
effect of captivity on the composition of muscle.
Give a reason for your answer.
(2)
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(d) Explain why the muscle composition of a cheetah causes it to stop running if it
fails to catch its prey within 50 m.
(5)
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6 The human brain controls many functions.
(a) The diagram below shows a section through the human brain.
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
Place a cross in the box next to the correct structure that completes each of the
following statements.
(ii) The part of the brain involved with the ability to coordinate movement and to
control balance is the
(1)
A cerebellum
B cerebral hemisphere
C hypothalamus DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
D medulla oblongata
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(b) The brain can be scanned for medical diagnosis.
The table below lists statements about three different methods of scanning that
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Method of scanning
Statement
MRI CT fMRI
Uses X-rays
(c) New drugs are needed to treat patients with imbalances in some brain chemicals.
Describe how cells could be genetically modified to produce these new drugs.
(3)
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