The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W17, 2019

6th International Workshop LowCost 3D – Sensors, Algorithms, Applications, 2–3 December 2019, Strasbourg, France

LOW COST WEB-APPLICATION FOR MANAGEMENT OF 3D DIGITAL BUILDING

AND COMPLEX BASED ON BIM AND GIS

S.W. Trisyanti 1, D. Suwardhi 1, A. Murtiyoso 2, P. Grussenmeyer 2

1 3D Modelling and Information System, Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia –
[email protected], [email protected]
2 Photogrammetry and Geomatics Group, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, INSA Strasbourg, France –

[email protected], [email protected]

Commission II

KEY WORDS: 3D CityDB, BIM, Building, GIS, Web-Application

ABSTRACT:

Buildings are an important focus that needs to be modeled in three-dimensional (3D) city model. 3D models of buildings can be used
to assist the construction and maintenance of cities. Currently there are many technologies that can be used to manage data and
information from buildings or cities, such as Geographical Information System (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM).
GIS is good for managing data areas or regions, while BIM is good for managing building data and information. GIS and BIM have
their respective advantages and disadvantages, so a combination of both is needed to do a good management of building and area
data and information. This research will use an open source web-application that can be used for asset and facility management. This
web-application can display two-dimensional (2D) GIS and BIM data, but cannot display 3D GIS data yet. The results of surveying
and mapping and from existing architectural drawing can build 3D GIS data using 3D City Database (3D CityDB) which is
integrated with the web-application used.The purpose of this study is to store building and city data, visualize it in a 3D model, and
use it to perform spatial analysis in customized open source web-applications. The study cases for this research are campus area of
Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Sayang Village, and Penglipuran Village.

1. INTRODUCTION solve complex planning and management problems". In

processing it requires two kinds of data, namely spatial data
1.1 Background obtained from mapping results and non-spatial data obtained
from attributes through surveys.
Building is one of the important element for the city
development and maintenance. Every building has a process or Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a system, works in 3D
a life cycle, start from planning, designing, maintaining, and models, through intelligent databases that contain information
demolishing. The process involves various disciplines, so it about decision making design, accurate construction document
needed a thing that can integrate all of these disciplines, such as production, prediction of performance factors, cost estimation
an application for all the process. One of the processes that can and scenario design, and construction planning (Yuan and
be carried out in the application is management of building Zizhang, 2008). BIM keeps realistic 3-dimensional
facilities. Facilities management encompasses a range of representation of buildings or other structural elements that
disciplines and services to ensure the functionality, comfort, show architectural elements and building structures. For
safety and efficiency of a built environment - buildings and development plans, BIM can be made based on plan drawings /
grounds, infrastructure and real estate. Facilities management is Detail Engineering Design Drawing (DED) which is then made
divided into two basic areas: Hard Facilities Management (Hard 3D by making drawings according to its height. As for existing
FM) and Soft Facilities Management (Soft FM). Hard FM deals buildings, which have already been built, BIM can be made by
with physical assets such as plumbing, heating and cooling, drawing measured images / As Built Drawing or by conducting
elevators. Soft FM focuses on tasks performed by people such surveys if there are no measurable drawings.
as custodial services, lease accounting, catering, security,
grounds keeping (IBM Corporation, 2018). In the use of BIM, not everything can be facilitated, such as
spatial analysis that requires data to have the same coordinate
To manage data and information from a building or city, many system, both local and georeferenced. BIM only uses local
technologies have been used for a long time, such as coordinates that vary from one object to another, so it cannot be
Geographical Information System (GIS) and Building used to analyze a number of things, for example tracing cables
Information Modeling (BIM). Geographical Information System and plumbing between buildings, searching routes between
(GIS) is an information system designed to work with data that rooms and buildings and spatial analysis relating to lighting
refers to spatial or geographic coordinates. GIS is a database systems, noise pollution, and rainwater infiltration. Because of
system with special capabilities for spatial reference data, as these deficiencies, it is necessary to combine BIM with a GIS
well as a set of operations to work with that data (Zhang, et.al., that can complement it.
2009). According to David William Rhind, GIS can be
described as "a hardware, software, and procedure system Nowadays, there’re some application of asset and facility
designed to support the collection, management, manipulation, management, but commercial and relatively expensive. In this
analysis, modeling, and display of spatial data references to paper, one of the open source application for asset and facility

This contribution has been peer-reviewed.

https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W17-371-2019 | © Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 371
 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W17, 2019
6th International Workshop LowCost 3D – Sensors, Algorithms, Applications, 2–3 December 2019, Strasbourg, France

managemet, CMDBuild. CMDBuild is an open source web 1.3 Objectives

enterprise environment, to configure custom applications for
asset management. CMDBuild allows the management of assets The purpose of this study is to store building and city data,
database, like assets and business resources, equipment leased visualize it in a 3D model, and use it to perform spatial analysis
to customers, technological infrastructure and systems. It has in customized open source web-applications. The building and
native mechanisms to model the database, to design workflow, city data will be stored in different data model, BIM and GIS.
to configure reports and dashboards, to build connectors with
external systems, to geo-refer assets, and to administer the
system (Tecnoteca, 2015). 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

CMDBuild can be customized according to the needs of the 2.1 Case Study
object to be managed, including building facility management.
The case studies for this research are campus area of Institut
There is a custom CMDBuild for Property & Facility
Teknologi Bandung (ITB), West Java, Indonesia and two
Management, openMAINT. OpenMAINT is a tool for the
villages in West Java and Bali.
management of buildings, installations, mobile asset and related
logistical, economic and maintenance activities. It allows the
client to keep under control the situation of assets, knowing at 2.1.1 Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB): ITB is a
all times the composition, dislocation, functional relations, rules multicampus that has several locations, at Ganesa (Bandung),
for updating over time, and managing the complete life-cycle. Jatinangor (Sumedang), and Cirebon. The first location and
OpenMAINT can manage the mobile assets (machineries, most popular campus is ITB-Ganesa. It has some heritage
technical elements, furniture, ect.), real estate (buildings, building and mixed with semi-modern and modern building,
infrastructures, etc.) and the related maintenance activities same as the buildings on campus ITB-Jatinangor. As the
(planned and in case of breakdown) and also logistical and multicampus, all of the asset and facility on ITB should be
economic ones. OpenMAINT is a ready-to-use application, manage in good ways. The ITB current data for asset and
configured with all the essential basic storages, processes, facility management have been saved in a database, but didn’t
reports and dashboards (Tecnoteca, openMaint-CMDBuild, have good relation with the real objects.
2015). CMDBuild already has a facility to display GIS 2D and
BIM data. But for asset and facility management 3D GIS data is 2.1.2 Villages: Some villages as the case studies on this
needed so that building floor data does not overlap. Because the research such as Sayang Village and Penglipuran Village.
data piled up will complicate vertical spatial analysis, for Sayang Village is located at Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java
example for utilities such as plumbing, electricity lines, and and it’s a mix function village that have area for education
vertical circulation paths. (campus), industry, and trades. Penglipuran Village is located at
Bali, and it’s a cultural village that have a traditional houses and
1.2 Related Works own culture. Both of villages didn’t have enough digital
database that can be used for manage some village data, such as
Other research have been studied about the 3D building or area village economy potential data, village population data, and
modeling, such as the 3D modeling of heritage building, Liao property ownership data.
Family Temple, China (Xu et al., 2014). In that research, the
acquisition method were using photogrammetry and laser 2.2 Methods
scanner. Then the modelling process is using manual method
and saved as BIM data. For the 3D area modeling, there’s a 3D models of buildings and areas in this study were built from
research about 3D documentation of heritage complexes using the results of survey and mapping and also using existing
photogrammetry and laser scanner techniques (Murtiyoso et al., architectural drawing data. The data acquisition from survey
2018). The 3D model generated in that research divided into 4 and mapping is using photogrammetric and laser scanner
scales from large complex until detail element of building. The techniques. The photogrammetry techniques used in this
3D model generated in this research and the virtual reality can research are UAV photogrammetry and terrestrial Close Range
be used for management of the heritage site. Photogrammetry (CRP). UAV Photogrammetry used to map the
whole areas and CRP used to map the individual buildings. The
The visualization of 3D modeling are in GIS or BIM or the laser scanning used in this research are Terrestrial Laser
integration of them. Some of researches have been done for Scanner (TLS) and handheld laser scanner. Handheld laser
visualize the 3D model, such as Geospatial Database for scanner can be used to map the interior of buildings if the
Heritage Building Conservation (Basir et al., 2014). On that buildings didn’t have enough architectural drawing data. The
research, they used GIS for 3D modeling to make the database example for architectural drawing data shown in Figure 1, as the
usefull for spatial analysis. 3D modeling process was used floor plan of Library at ITB-Jatinangor. The exterior of that
manually using SketchUp and the the model converted to GIS building then mapped using drone photogrammetry.
format. The 3D model can be visualized on ArcScene and have
a good database for heritage building which usefull for
conservation. The other research is Information Management
for Cultural Heritage Conservation (Radin and Zivkovic, 2013).
On this research, the information management for specific
museum documentation using ARTEMIS, the development of
documentation system for all activities in the field of cultural
heritage conservation in Serbia. The documents are in different
file format, includes the 3D without any spatial analysis. It’s
only give the information of objects.
Figure 1. Floor plan for Library building at ITB-Jatinangor

This contribution has been peer-reviewed.

https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W17-371-2019 | © Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 372
 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W17, 2019
6th International Workshop LowCost 3D – Sensors, Algorithms, Applications, 2–3 December 2019, Strasbourg, France

The architectural drawing data and resullt of survey and

mapping then modeled into 3D building model using 3D
modeling software. The 3D building model saved as BIM data
that includes all of the detail building information as semantic
data. The 3D model saved as Industrial Foundation Classes
(IFC), the data structure for BIM. And the result of survey and
mapping for area then modeled into 3D model as GIS data
which can be used to do spatial analysis. 3D GIS data will be Figure 3. 3D Model of ITB-Jatinangor library
built using 3D City Database (3D CityDB) which will be
integrated into the CMDBuild application. 3D CityDB is a free 3.2 3D Map
geo database to store, represent, and manage virtual 3D city
Besides point cloud for building exterior, the aerial
models on top of a standard spatial relational database. The
photogrammetry (UAV or drone) generated the elevation model
database schema implements the City Geography Markup
of area. Using manual digitization, the form of the building
Language (CityGML) standard with semantically rich and
mass with the roof form and height can also be generated. It was
multi-scale urban objects facilitating complex analysis tasks, far
modeled as 3D model with Level of Detail (LoD) 2 or 3. The
beyond visualization. CityGML is an open data model and
3D model LoD 2 only show the mass of building with height.
XML-based data exchange format describing the most relevant
The 3D model LoD 3 can show the roof geometry and height of
urban and landscape objects along with their spatial and non-
building. The 3D map then saved as 3D GIS ( (a)
spatial attributes, relations, and their complex hierarchical
Figure 4) which can be usefull for spatial analysis.
structures in five levels of detail.

The 3D model as BIM and 3D GIS then visualized in the

CMDBuild. For the ITB campus model, OpenMAINT
customization can be used for asset and facility management.
But for the village model, the CMDBuild with own
customization was used because there’s no suitable
customization for village database than can be used.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 3D Building Model

From the survey and mapping method, the drone

photogrammetry can generated the point cloud of building and
elevation model of area. One result for the building in ITB
Jatinangor is the dense cloud of Library building (Figure 2).
From the dense cloud, the 3D building model exterior then
created by manual digitazing using 3D modelling software (a) (b)
(Figure 3). And the interior of building is modelling using the Figure 4. 3D model LoD 2/3 of campus ITB (a) Ganesa and (b)
architectural drawing data and dense cloud from laser scanner Jatinangor
technique. The developed 3D building model has information as
the semantic data, such as building materials, room area value, 3.3 Web-Application
room volume value, and. room height. The 3D model saved as
IFC structure data on BIM model. CMDBuild can determine the data to be accessed based on the
user who accesses it. In this study, users are divided into two,
namely public users and private users. The visualization for
public and private user are different based on the needs of their
use. Public users need to access stored data and only need
general information with their visualizations (Figure 5). The
public access can see the location of building, room, parking
area, and other facility. Besides that, the user can also see the
panoramic photo that can make them easily knowing the room.

Figure 2. Library of ITB Jatinangor dense cloud

This contribution has been peer-reviewed.

https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W17-371-2019 | © Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 373
 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W17, 2019
6th International Workshop LowCost 3D – Sensors, Algorithms, Applications, 2–3 December 2019, Strasbourg, France

(a) Figure 7. CMD Build for private user of village map

4. CONCLUSION

Based on the research that have been done, the conclusion from
this research are:
1. 3D model of building and area can be created from
architectural drawing data combine with surveying and
mapping techniques. It can built the 3D model of area (LoD
2/3) and detail building includes interior (LoD 4).
2. 3D model of building and area are saved in the different
(b) model data depend on the needs of analysis. The 3D
Figure 5. Web for public user: (a) 2D Map and (b) floor plan on each building model is saved as BIM data and 3D area model as
building with panoramic image for each room
GIS data. Both of them can be integration for visualized on
Private users are users who can access the data stored and can the web-based application.
be managed by that data, the campus data can be seen in Figure 3. CMDBuild as open source web-application can be useful
6 and the village data can be seen in Figure 7. This user can for asset and facility management for buillding using BIM
add, delete, and edit data. All of those action will be saved as data. But for the area, the GIS data that can be visualize in
history data. User can also customized this application based on CMDBuild is only 2D GIS, 3D GIS not yet available. It can
their needs. For example, on 3D map user can visualized the make the spatial analysis can’t be work for 3D model.
relation of village population data with property ownership 4. Free customization of CMDBuild is very usefull for user
data. User of CMDBuild can be freely customized it because it based on the database required.
is only an empty container. OpenMAINT customization is used
for building model (BIM). With this customization, user can see
all of the semantic data as IFC class. The IFC class and data on REFERENCES
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This contribution has been peer-reviewed.

https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W17-371-2019 | © Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 374
 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W17, 2019
6th International Workshop LowCost 3D – Sensors, Algorithms, Applications, 2–3 December 2019, Strasbourg, France

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https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W17-371-2019 | © Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 375