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    Projectile Motion

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    This document discusses projectile motion. It defines projectile motion as the curved path of a particle thrown near the earth's surface under constant acceleration directed toward the center of the earth. The path consists of two simultaneous motions - horizontal motion at a constant velocity and vertical motion with constant acceleration due to gravity. Formulas are provided for the total time of flight, horizontal range, maximum height, and trajectory equation of a projectile. References on the history of discoveries related to projectile motion are also included.

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    Projectile Motion

    Uploaded by

    ali
    67 views4 pages
    This document discusses projectile motion. It defines projectile motion as the curved path of a particle thrown near the earth's surface under constant acceleration directed toward the center of the earth. The path consists of two simultaneous motions - horizontal motion at a constant velocity and vertical motion with constant acceleration due to gravity. Formulas are provided for the total time of flight, horizontal range, maximum height, and trajectory equation of a projectile. References on the history of discoveries related to projectile motion are also included.

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    Projectile motion

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    Projectile motion

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    This document discusses projectile motion. It defines projectile motion as the curved path of a particle thrown near the earth's surface under constant acceleration directed toward the center of the earth. The path consists of two simultaneous motions - horizontal motion at a constant velocity and vertical motion with constant acceleration due to gravity. Formulas are provided for the total time of flight, horizontal range, maximum height, and trajectory equation of a projectile. References on the history of discoveries related to projectile motion are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views4 pages

    Projectile Motion

    Uploaded by

    ali
    This document discusses projectile motion. It defines projectile motion as the curved path of a particle thrown near the earth's surface under constant acceleration directed toward the center of the earth. The path consists of two simultaneous motions - horizontal motion at a constant velocity and vertical motion with constant acceleration due to gravity. Formulas are provided for the total time of flight, horizontal range, maximum height, and trajectory equation of a projectile. References on the history of discoveries related to projectile motion are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Projectile motion

    University of Technology
    Electrical Engineer
    Second stage

    Projectile motion

    Under the supervision of Dr. Ali Hasan

    Preparation Ali Khalid Raheem

    0
    Projectile motion

    Projectile Motion:
    When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, it moves along a curved path under
    constant acceleration that is directed towards the center of the earth (we assume that the particle
    remains close to the surface of the earth). The path of such a particle is called a projectile and the
    motion is called projectile motion. Air resistance to the motion of the body is to be assumed absent
    in projectile motion.
    In a Projectile Motion, there are two simultaneous independent rectilinear motions:

    1. Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the horizontal (forward) motion of the
    particle.
    2. Along y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible for the vertical (downwards) motion of the
    particle.

    Accelerations in the horizontal projectile motion and vertical projectile motion of a


    particle: When a particle is projected in the air with some speed, the only force acting on it during
    its time in the air is the acceleration due to gravity (g). This acceleration acts vertically downward.
    There is no acceleration in the horizontal direction, which means that the velocity of the particle in
    the horizontal direction remains constant.

    Parabolic Motion of Projectiles


    Let us consider a ball projected at an angle θ with respect to the horizontal x-axis with the initial
    velocity u as shown below:

    The point O is called the point of projection; θ is the angle of projection and OB = Horizontal
    Range or Simply Range. The total time taken by the particle from reaching O to B is called the time
    of flight.
    For finding different parameters related to
    projectile motion, we can make use of
    differential equations of motions

    1
    Projectile motion

    Total Time of Flight: Resultant displacement (s) = 0 in Vertical direction. Therefore, by using
    the Equation of motion:
    gt2 = 2(uyt – sy) [Here, uy = u sin θ and sy = 0]
    i.e. gt2 = 2t × u sin θ
    Therefore, the total time of flight (t):

    Total Time of Flight (t)=


    Horizontal Range: Horizontal Range (OA) = Horizontal component of velocity (ux) × Total Flight
    Time (t)
    R = u cos θ × 2u×sinθg
    Therefore, in a projectile motion the Horizontal Range is given by (R):

    Horizontal Range (R) =

    Maximum Height: It is the highest point of the trajectory (point A). When the ball is at point A, the
    vertical component of the velocity will be zero. i.e. 0 = (u sin θ)2 – 2g Hmax [s = Hmax , v = 0 and
    u = u sin θ]
    Therefore, in projectile motion, the Maximum Height is given by (Hmax):

    Maximum Height (Hmax)=


    The equation of Trajectory: Let, the position of the ball at any instant (t) be M (x, y). Now, from
    Equations of Motion:
    x = t × u cos θ . . . . . . (1)
    y = u sin θ × t – 12×t2g. . . . . . (2)
    On substituting Equation (1) in Equation (2):

    Equation of Trajectory(y)=

    This is the Equation of Trajectory in projectile motion, and it proves that the projectile motion is
    always parabolic in nature.

    2
    Projectile motion

    References:

    1) Naylor, R. H. "Galileo's Theory of Projectile Motion", Isis, Vol. 71. 1980. 550-570. �

    2) Drake, S., and J. MacLachlan. "Galileo's Discovery of the Parabolic Trajectory".


    Scientific American, Vol. 232, No. 3. 1975. 102-110.

    3) Hall, A.R. Ballistics in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge UP, Birmingham.


    1952.

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