Topics Math - 3
Topics Math - 3
Topics Math - 3
Topic 3: Derivatives
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Sub topics:
3.1 Derivatives
3.2 The Derivatives as a Function
3.3 Differentiation Formula
3.4 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
3.5 The Chain Rule
3.6 Derivatives of Exponential Functions
3.7 Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
3.8 Implicit Differentiation
3.9 Higher Derivatives
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Objective:
The students should be able to:
1. Find the derivative of a function by definition.
2. Use differentiation formula in finding the derivatives
3. Find the derivative of a trigonometric functions
4. Use chain rule in finding the derivative of a composite function
5. Find derivatives of the exponential functions
6. Find the derivative of logarithmic functions
7. Solve the differentiation implicitly
8. Solve for the derivatives higher than one
3.1 Derivatives
f ( x 0 h) f ( x 0 )
Definition: The function f defined by the formula f ( x) lim
h 0 h
is called the derivative with respect to x of the function f. The domain of f
consists of all x for which the limit exists.
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1 | IFMI
DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
Example:
a) Find the derivative of f ( x) 4 x
b) Find the slope of the tangent line to the graph of f ( x) x 2 1
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
Notation:
y f ( x)
The derivative of f(x) with respect to x: d dy
f ( x) [ f ( x)]
dx dx
y f (t )
The derivative of f(t) with respect to t: d dy
f (t ) [ f (t )]
dt dt
dy d
The derivative of f at the point x x0 : [ f ( x)] f ( x0 )
dx x x0 dx x x0
Definition:
A function f is differentiable at a if f’(a) exists. It is differentiable on an open
interval (a, b) [or (a, ) or (-, a) or (-, ) ] if it is differentiable at every number in
the interval.
Theorem:
If f is differentiable at point a, then f is also continuous at a.
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3 | IFMI
DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
To find the derivatives that involve trigonometric functions, use the various techniques
of differentiation and the chain rule. Sometimes, the chain rule needs to be applied
more than once.
Solution:
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9 | IFMI
DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
If g is differentiable at the point x and if f is differentiable at the point g(x), then the
composition of f g is differentiable at the point x.
dy dy du d du
and or [ f (u)] f (u).
dx du dx dx dx
Example: Find f ' ( x) of f ( x) x 3 7 x 1 35
Solution:
Alternatively,
d
dx
n
g x ng x g ' x
n 1
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10 | IFMI
DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
dy 3t 2
dt 2 7 t 3
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
d x
[e ] e x
dx
d u du
By Chain Rule: [e ] e u .
dx dx
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
y = ln x y = ln x
d 1 d 1
[ln x] ; x 0 and: [ln x ] if x0
dx x dx x
d 1 du
By Chain Rule: [ln u ] .
dx u dx
Solution:
2
Example:Differentiate y 2 3 x
Solution:
2 d
y' ( x) 2 3 x ln 2 3x 2
dx
2
2 3 x ln 2 6 x
2
6 x 2 3 x ln 2
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14 | IFMI
DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
Logarithmic Differentiation
- use to find derivative of complicated function involving products, quotients or
power.
- Simplified by taking logarithms.
dy 3
7 x 14
Example: Find if y
dx (1 x 2 ) 4
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
dy
Example: Find of 5 y 2 sin y x 2 by using implicit differentiation
dx
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DIM5068 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES 2 TOPIC 3
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