Chemistry 122

LESSON PLAN
School: Kaminzekenzeke Day Secondary

Date: ………September, 2015
Teacher: Mr. Masumba
Time: …………………………..
Class: 12
Duration: …………………….
Subject: chemistry
No of pupils: ……………….
Topic: organic chemistry
Subtopic: saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Reference(s): Macmillan Secondary Chemistry and Double Target Chemistry.
T/learning Aids: chalkboard and duster
Pre-requisite knowledge: pupils already know how to name and draw structures of alkenes
Objectives: upon completion of the lesson PSBAT;
 Describe the preparation of alkenes

 Discuss the chemical properties of alkenes
 distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Lesson Progress
Stage Teacher/pupil’s activity Learning points

Intro teacher and pupils recall Naming Alkenes
the following;  the simplest way of naming alkenes is just
rules for naming of changing the ‘ane’ ending of alkanes with
alkanes ‘ene’ remembering that there is no alkene
corresponding to methane
 This is because alkenes have at least a double
bond and to achieve this 2 carbon atoms
must be present
So alkene family starts from ethane
Drawing Alkane Structures
 Before a structure is drawn, first derive the
formula for the alkene in question using the
general formula CnH2n
 For example ethene has 2 carbon atoms,
thus substitute in the formula C2H2x2 =C2H4
 The table below shows the names of alkenes
with their molecular formular and structures
Ethane (C2H4) structure
H H
C¿ C
H H
Developmen  teacher and pupils PREPARATION OF ALKENES

LESSON PLAN
t Describe the laboratory  Alkenes can be prepared when petroleum

1 preparation of alkenes fractions (long hydrocarbon molecules)
undergo cracking.
 In the laboratory, alkenes can be prepared by
catalytic cracking of paraffin oil (big alkane,
C10H22). This reaction takes place in the
presence of a suitable catalyst as shown
below
 When the porous pot chip becomes hot,
bubbles of a gas come out of the delivery
tube.
 It is possible to collect the gas over water
because it does not dissolve in water
(displacement of water)
 The porous pot acts as a catalyst and it is
made from aluminium oxide or silicon (IV)
oxide.
 To test whether the gas is an alkene
(unsaturated hydrocarbon with doubles), mix
the gas with bromine water and it should
decolourise bromine from orange to
colourless.
 Another method of preparing alkenes
(ethane) is by dehydrating of ethanol using
sulphuric acid
 The equation is:
Concentrated
Sulphuric acid 170oC
ethanol ethane + water
C2H5OH(l)  C2H4(g) +H2O(l)
 Dehydration is the removal of water from a
molecule.
2  teacher and pupils CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKENE
Discuss the chemical  Alkenes are very reactive. They undergo the
properties of alkenes following reactions
ADDITION REACTIONS
 Addition of halogens (halogenation);
chlorine and bromine easily attaches
themselves to the alkenes.
C2H4 + Cl2  C2H4Cl2(l)
 Addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation);

alkenes reacts with hydrogen in the presence
of heat and nickel catalyst to form alkanes,
e.g.
nickel
ethene + hydrogen ethane
o
300 C
C2H4 + H2  C2H6
 This reaction is important in industry to
convert vegetable oil into fats like margarine
LESSON PLAN
COMBUSTION REACTION;
 ALKENES can burn completely in plenty of
oxygen (air) to form carbon dioxide and
water. C2H4 + 3O2  2CO2 + 2H2O
 ALKENES can burn partially in less supply of
oxygen to form carbon monoxide and water,
C2H4 + 2O2  2CO + 2H2O
HYDROLYSIS (HYDRATION);
 ALKENES react with water (steam) over a
phosphoric (V) acid (H3PO4) catalyst at 300oc
to form ethanol, e.g.
Ethane + steam  ethanol
C2H4 + H2O  C2H5OH
ADDITION POLYMERISATION;
 ALKENES join together to form large
hydrocarbon compounds called polymers
from small molecules known as monomers.
 For example ethene can join to itself to form
a large compound called poly(ethene). In this
case ethene is a monomer and polyethene is
a polymer, e.g.
Conclusion Homework
1. Define
dehydration and
hydrolysis
2. State one
industrial
application of
hydrogenation
3. Distinguish
between a
monomer and a
polymer
4. Name a catalyst
used in
preparation of
alkenes from
paraffin.
LESSON PLAN
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LESSON PLAN

School: Kaminzekenzeke Day Secondary

Subtopic: saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

Reference(s): Macmillan Secondary Chemistry and Double Target Chemistry.

T/learning Aids: chalkboard and duster

Objectives: upon completion of the lesson PSBAT;

 Describe the preparation of alkenes

Stage Teacher/pupil’s activity Learning points

Developmen  teacher and pupils PREPARATION OF ALKENES

t Describe the laboratory  Alkenes can be prepared when petroleum

 Addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation);

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