Ang Tibay Doctrine On Due Process (Printed)

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ANG TIBAY DOCTRINE ON DUE the record and disclosed to the


PROCESS parties;

The essence of procedural due process 6. The tribunal or any of its judges
is embodied in the basic requirement of must act on its or his own
notice and a real opportunity to be independent consideration of the
heard. In administrative proceedings, facts and the law of the
such as in the case at bar, procedural controversy, and not simply
due process simply means the accept the views of a subordinate
opportunity to explain one’s side or the in arriving at a decision; and
opportunity to seek a reconsideration of
the action or ruling complained of. "To 7. The board or body should, in all
be heard" does not mean only verbal controversial questions, render its
arguments in court; one may be heard decision in such a manner that
also thru pleadings. Where opportunity the parties to the proceeding will
to be heard, either through oral know the various issues involved,
arguments or pleadings, is accorded, and the reasons for the decision.
there is no denial of procedural due (G.R. No. 46496. February 27,
process. (G.R. No. 187854. November 1940. 69 Phil 635.)
12, 2013)
In Ledesma v Court of Appeals, the
In Ang Tibay v. CIR, the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled that "[d]ue
enumerated the requisites of process, as a constitutional precept,
administrative due process, as follows: does not always and in all situations
1. The right to a hearing, which require a trial-type proceeding. Due
includes the right to present one’s process is satisfied when a person is
case and submit evidence in notified of the charge against him and
support thereof; given an opportunity to explain or
defend himself. In administrative
2. The tribunal must consider the proceedings, the filing of charges and
evidence presented; giving reasonable opportunity for the
person so charged to answer the
3. The decision must have accusations against him constitute the
something to support itself; minimum requirements of due process.
The essence of due process is simply to
4. The evidence must be be heard, or as applied to administrative
substantial; proceedings, an opportunity to explain
one’s side, or an opportunity to seek a
5. The decision must be rendered reconsideration of the action or ruling
on the evidence presented at the complained of." (G.R. No. 166780.
hearing, or at least contained in December 27, 2007)

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The observance of fairness in the


conduct of any investigation is at the
very heart of procedural due process.
The essence of due process is to be
heard, and, as applied to administrative
proceedings, this means a fair and
reasonable opportunity to explain one’s
side, or an opportunity to seek a
reconsideration of the action or ruling
complained of. Administrative due
process cannot be fully equated with
due process in its strict judicial sense,
for in the former a formal or trial-type
hearing is not always necessary, and
technical rules of procedure are not
strictly applied. (Persida Acosta (2017).
What constitutes due process in
administrative cases? August 15, 2017.

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