The document defines triangles and their key properties. It discusses that a triangle has three vertices, sides, and interior angles. The interior angles sum to 180 degrees. Exterior angles equal the sum of the two interior opposite angles. There are three types of triangles based on their interior angles: acute, obtuse, and right. There are also three types based on their sides: scalene, isosceles, and equilateral. Key properties like the Pythagorean theorem are also outlined.
The document defines triangles and their key properties. It discusses that a triangle has three vertices, sides, and interior angles. The interior angles sum to 180 degrees. Exterior angles equal the sum of the two interior opposite angles. There are three types of triangles based on their interior angles: acute, obtuse, and right. There are also three types based on their sides: scalene, isosceles, and equilateral. Key properties like the Pythagorean theorem are also outlined.
The document defines triangles and their key properties. It discusses that a triangle has three vertices, sides, and interior angles. The interior angles sum to 180 degrees. Exterior angles equal the sum of the two interior opposite angles. There are three types of triangles based on their interior angles: acute, obtuse, and right. There are also three types based on their sides: scalene, isosceles, and equilateral. Key properties like the Pythagorean theorem are also outlined.
The document defines triangles and their key properties. It discusses that a triangle has three vertices, sides, and interior angles. The interior angles sum to 180 degrees. Exterior angles equal the sum of the two interior opposite angles. There are three types of triangles based on their interior angles: acute, obtuse, and right. There are also three types based on their sides: scalene, isosceles, and equilateral. Key properties like the Pythagorean theorem are also outlined.
When 3 non collinear points are joined, the figure formed is called a triangle.
Vertices: A, B and C are called the vertices
Sides: AB, BC and AC are called the three sides of the triangle.
Interior angles: ∠CAB, ∠ABC and ∠BCA are called the three interior angles
Exterior angles: In the adjoining figure ∠FCB, ∠CBE, ∠ABD, ∠IAB, ∠HAC, ∠GCA are the exterior angles of the ∆ ABC.
FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
1) Sum of the three interior angles of a triangle is always 180º.
2) Exterior angle = Sum of two interior opposite angles e.g., ∠CBE = ∠CAB + ∠BCA. The sum of three (ordered) exterior angles of a triangle is 360º 3) Sum of two sides is always more than the third side 4) The difference of any two sides is always less than the third side. 5) Angles are in the same order as the length of the sides opposite it i.e. the largest angle will have the longest side opposite it and the smallest angle will have the shortest side opposite it. Therefore equal sides will have equal angles opposite them
Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 1
QA – Basics
6) Mild-point theorem: If the mid-points of two adjacent sides of a triangle are joined by a line segment, then this segment is parallel to the third side. i.e., if AD = BD and AE = CE then DE || BC
7) In a ABC, if a, b, c be the three sides opposite to the angles A, B, C respectively,
then
8) If a, b, c be the side opposite to angle A, B and C respectively, then cos A =
and so on.
Types of Triangles
A) According to interior angles
1) Acute angle triangle: Each of the angle of a triangle is less than 90º i.e., a <90º, b <90º, c <90º
Let a, b and c be the three sides and c is the largest side. Then c2 < (a2 + b2)
2) Obtuse angle triangle: One of the angle is obtuse (i.e., greater than 90º), and other 2 angles are less than 90º
Let a, b and c be the three sides and c is the largest side. Then c2 < (a2 + b2)
3) Right angled triangle: One of the angle is equal to 90º, rest two angles are complementary to each other i.e. their sum is equal to 90º
Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 2
QA – Basics
Let a, b and c be the three sides and c is the largest side. Then c2 = a2 + b2. This is called Pythagoras theorem.
B) According to sides 1) Scalene triangle: A triangle in which none of the tree sides is equal is called a scalene triangle (all the three angles are also different).
2) Isosceles triangle: A triangles in which at least two sides are equal is called as isosceles triangle. In this triangle, the angles opposite to the congruent sides are also equal.
3) Equilateral triangle: A triangle in which all the three sides are equal is called as, an equilateral triangle. In this triangle each angle is congruent and equal to 60º.
