Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 18 views

    Homework Exercise-Ii: Submitted By: Gairik

    Uploaded by

    Gairik Chakraborty
    The primary cement job involves running casing with accessories to the shoe depth, rigging up the cement head, circulating mud to clean the hole, pumping spacer fluid, dropping bottom and top plugs, displacing cement, and pressure testing the casing. Failures can occur due to wellbore conditions like lost circulation in thief zones, casing equipment issues like defective float equipment, surface equipment failures, improper cement selection, or contamination from mud mixing. A shoe track of extra cement volume is pumped to ensure the annulus is filled and prevent a wet shoe where mud mixes with cement at the shoe, creating channels for fluid migration during pressure testing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Homework Exercise-Ii: Submitted By: Gairik

    Uploaded by

    Gairik Chakraborty
    18 views5 pages
    The primary cement job involves running casing with accessories to the shoe depth, rigging up the cement head, circulating mud to clean the hole, pumping spacer fluid, dropping bottom and top plugs, displacing cement, and pressure testing the casing. Failures can occur due to wellbore conditions like lost circulation in thief zones, casing equipment issues like defective float equipment, surface equipment failures, improper cement selection, or contamination from mud mixing. A shoe track of extra cement volume is pumped to ensure the annulus is filled and prevent a wet shoe where mud mixes with cement at the shoe, creating channels for fluid migration during pressure testing.

    Original Title

    h.w. 2 Gairikz

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The primary cement job involves running casing with accessories to the shoe depth, rigging up the cement head, circulating mud to clean the hole, pumping spacer fluid, dropping bottom and top plugs, displacing cement, and pressure testing the casing. Failures can occur due to wellbore conditions like lost circulation in thief zones, casing equipment issues like defective float equipment, surface equipment failures, improper cement selection, or contamination from mud mixing. A shoe track of extra cement volume is pumped to ensure the annulus is filled and prevent a wet shoe where mud mixes with cement at the shoe, creating channels for fluid migration during pressure testing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views5 pages

    Homework Exercise-Ii: Submitted By: Gairik

    Uploaded by

    Gairik Chakraborty
    The primary cement job involves running casing with accessories to the shoe depth, rigging up the cement head, circulating mud to clean the hole, pumping spacer fluid, dropping bottom and top plugs, displacing cement, and pressure testing the casing. Failures can occur due to wellbore conditions like lost circulation in thief zones, casing equipment issues like defective float equipment, surface equipment failures, improper cement selection, or contamination from mud mixing. A shoe track of extra cement volume is pumped to ensure the annulus is filled and prevent a wet shoe where mud mixes with cement at the shoe, creating channels for fluid migration during pressure testing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    HOMEWORK EXERCISE-II

    SUBMITTED BY: GAIRIK


    Q.1. List out the step by step process of doing a primary cement job.
    Ans. The various steps associated with the primary cement job are:
    • Run the casing to the casing shoe depth with all the required accessories like float shoe, float
    collar, centralizers etc.
    • Rig up the cement head on top of the casing to establish flow path.
    • Circulate mud to clean the hole: Remove all the cuttings out of the hole and make the mud
    uniform and thin.
    • Pump the spacer fluid which is a mixture of water, viscofiers and some solids.
    • Drop the bottom plug. Change the flow path to pump cement above the bottom plug in cement
    head.
    • The slurry will then push the bottom plug down the casing until the plug seats on the float collar.
    Continued pumping ruptures the central diaphragm in the plug which allows the cement to pass
    through.
    • Shear the top plug pin to drop the top plug.
    • Displace the cement.
    • Bump the plug which is indicated by a surge in pressure.
    • Pressure test the casing.
    Fig. Single-stage cementing: (a) circulating mud (b) shear bottom plug and pumping spacer
    and slurry (c) top plug dropped (d) displacing (e) end of cement job.
    Q.2. List out the failures that can happen during the single stage cement job.
    Ans. The failures during the single stage cement job is attributed to:
    • Wellbore conditions: When cementing across a thief zones, volume of pumped cement should
    be strictly monitored to prevent lost circulation. The fracture gradient of layers of formation
    should be evaluated to prevent formation damage (fractures).
    • Cementing operation: This involves mixing of mud and cement (contamination) which changes
    the properties of the cement and damages the ability of the cement to harden. In a deviated
    well, if the casing is not centralized the effects of eccentricity will cause poor mud removal on
    the narrow side of the hole, leading to formation of mud channels and subsequent fluid
    migration between reservoirs. The poor displacement in the narrower side will lead to higher
    TOC which will increase the hydrostatic head and induce losses. The movement of slurry in the
    narrower side will increase the displacement rates, which inturn increases the ECD.
    • Class of cement selection: The class of cement used depends on the depth and other special
    requirements along with the additives which perform their desired function. Thus, objective-
    oriented judicious selection will prevent a detrimental cement job.
    • Casing equipment failure: This involves a defective poppet valve in the float collar or the float
    shoe which allows the backflow of cement from the annulus to the casing. Also, the leaking plug
    or the defective rubber element of the plug donot provide complete mud and cement isolation.
    • Surface equipment failure: The components of the cementing head might fail and the control
    over the flow path and volume, plugs might be lost. The cement pump liners might be worn off
    or the cementing line connecting to the cementing head might be leaking.
    Q.3. Explain the reason for Shoe Track.
    Ans. The Shoe track is always provided to make
    sure the annulus is filled with cement slurry and there
    is no cement contamination with mud. Thus, an extra
    volume of cement is pumped maintaining the TOC to
    compensate any volume calculation errors which
    takes up the space in the casing between the float
    shoe and float collar called the Shoe Track.

    Incase, there is no Shoe Track provided, this might


    lead to a scenario called Wet-shoe, which is the
    mixing of mud and cement at the casing shoe leading
    to formation of mud channels, thus improper cement
    job and subsequent fluid migration to the formation
    through the defective cement during a FIT, which
    might give a wrong idea about the formation strength
    at the casing shoe.

    You might also like