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    Cov (X, Y)

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    Mane Daral
    Statistical methods are mathematical techniques used to analyze and interpret numerical data from groups or individuals. They study groups, not single units. The document introduces statistical tools used in the study, including Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient method. Pearson's method measures the relationship between two variables using a correlation coefficient 'r' that considers the covariance and standard deviations of the variables. It defines the covariance and standard deviations used to calculate the correlation coefficient.

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    Cov (X, Y)

    Uploaded by

    Mane Daral
    14 views1 page
    Statistical methods are mathematical techniques used to analyze and interpret numerical data from groups or individuals. They study groups, not single units. The document introduces statistical tools used in the study, including Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient method. Pearson's method measures the relationship between two variables using a correlation coefficient 'r' that considers the covariance and standard deviations of the variables. It defines the covariance and standard deviations used to calculate the correlation coefficient.

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    Statistical methods are mathematical techniques used to analyze and interpret numerical data from groups or individuals. They study groups, not single units. The document introduces statistical tools used in the study, including Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient method. Pearson's method measures the relationship between two variables using a correlation coefficient 'r' that considers the covariance and standard deviations of the variables. It defines the covariance and standard deviations used to calculate the correlation coefficient.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views1 page

    Cov (X, Y)

    Uploaded by

    Mane Daral
    Statistical methods are mathematical techniques used to analyze and interpret numerical data from groups or individuals. They study groups, not single units. The document introduces statistical tools used in the study, including Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient method. Pearson's method measures the relationship between two variables using a correlation coefficient 'r' that considers the covariance and standard deviations of the variables. It defines the covariance and standard deviations used to calculate the correlation coefficient.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Statistical Tools

    Statistical methods are the mathematical techniques used to facilitate the analysis and
    interpretation of numerical data secured from groups of individuals or group of observation from
    a single individual. Statistical method studies only a group of individuals but not a single unit.
    Introduction of statistical tools which have been used in this study are given below.

    Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method


    Karl’s Pearson’s method is most widely used method of measuring the relationship between two
    variables. The relation between two variable say ‘x’ and ‘y’ for a given set of ‘n’ observation as
    defined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient is measured by ‘r’
    cov (x,y )
    r = σx , σy
    where, cov (x,y) = Covariance between variable x and y is given by

    ∑ ( x− x̄)( y- { ȳ ) ¿
    r= n

    ∑ xy
    or r(x,y)= nσx σy
    where x= (X- X̄ )

    y=(Y- Ȳ )
    Standard deviation of x series is given by.

    ∑ x2 ∑ ( X− X̄ )2
    σx= √ n = √ n
    Standard deviation of y series is given by.

    ∑ y2 ∑ (Y −Ȳ )2
    σy= √ n = √ n
    X̄ = Mean of variable x
    Ȳ= Mean of variable y
    n= number of pairs of x and y observation

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