REPORT ON

Smart home based on IoT using SSR

switches

Dr. K Sarvanan
Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics, SRM
Institute of Science and Technology

Mohammed Abdul Kareem (RA1511005010195)

Spandan Rastogi (RA1511005010213)
Dipmallya Sen (RA1511005010258)
Priyankan Goswami (RA1511005010284)

B.Tech Scholars, Department of Electrical and Electronics, SRM

Institute of Science and Technology
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to extend our gratitude to the many people who helped to

bring this project to fruition. First, we would like to thank the management for the

academic and technical support. We are also thankful to director (E&T), Dr. C.

Muthamizhchelvan.

We take this opportunity to acknowledge our beloved Head of the

department, Dr.K.Vijayakumar for being a constant source of inspiration and

encouragement.

Above all, we would like to express our gratitude to our project guide

Dr. K Saravanan without whom this project would have never taken place. We

are deeply grateful for his help, valuable guidance and support. His in-depth

knowledge and vast experience proved to be the guiding light throughout the

course of our project. We also offer our thanks to our project coordinators.

Finally, we express our very profound gratitude to our parents for providing us

with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout the process of

researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been

possible without them.

PROJECT
 ABSTRACT

The paper deals with most viable product facing technique for smart home system.
The system is capable to switch high power domestic loads and can also regulate
the power using a phase dimmer circuit which in-turn employs Solid state relay
(SSR). The control of the system is dealt with a microcontroller and Wi-Fi is
deployed as communication hardware. HTTP communication protocol is used to
have a secure communication between the house and the user through internet or
on local network. The control of the smart home can be through any smart phone
connected to internet or local area network same as that of the module.
 INTRODUCTION
As the technology keeps up with the pace, it also helps the generation to keep
simplifying our daily lives. In the current trend IoT is the main focus to this
approach. The author illustrates most viable product facing approach for smart
home system. Smart home has been a dream and fiction to the world until recent
few years of technical advances, yet its availability and feasibility is questionable.
IoT smart home system can have many facades for example healthcare related,
security based, smartness of various appliances through on-body sensors or MEMS
technology etc. for the application of IoT there is a wide gamut of in life
applications. The previous techniques of smart home system were based on
electromechanical relays and various other communication protocols like that of
GSM, Bluetooth etc. With low-cost wireless sensor and control Systems, not only
will the cost of system installation be significantly reduced, but it will become
economical. The use of these electromechanical relays leads to power wastage on
every time a load is switched which when cumulated over a period a period of time
holds significance on the bill of the user. Communication device such as GSM and
Bluetooth are questionable to robustness of the system and have their own
individual drawbacks which can't be overlooked for the precedence of product.
SSRs are high speed switching circuits operates on the triggering of gate pulse and
are very low consumption circuits. As the advent of new SoCs the developers are
empowered with low cost hardware modules. The controls for the house are
provided through an IP address local or over the internet which can then be
accessed from anywhere in the world. The primary control has been designed in a
user interface in app where the graphics make it easy and interactive.
There are various communication protocols under the internet communication.
Most networking protocols use the same underlying principles and concepts. The
use of a general purpose programming language would yield a large number of
applications only differing in the details. Looking up to the importance of security
in the system the most preferable protocols generally used are MQTT and Https.

The graphic user interface for the user has been designed in android studio to be
used in android smart phones. The app connects with the local network with a
customized IP address and starts the transmit control data.
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Mo3021
2. Bt135
3. Capacitor 10nf
4. Resistor 1k,33ohms
5. Bridge Rectifier
6. 4n25
7. Node MCU
 IOT ECOSYSTEM
 The bottom layer is the market or the application layer where the end user
interacts with the smart IoT enabled system.

 Taken a service, starting from the first layer, of any kind, for example health
care, entertainment, house hold etc, is converted to the smart system, by
using the linking layers, can be made out a smart system i.e the market layer.

 The apps and software layer is the interface layer consisting of interactive
graphics to operate the system.

 Acquisition layer depicts the process of data acquisition from various

sensors, cameras, GPS etc.

 Integration layer integrates data with pre-defined thresholds and margins;

also the data is aggregated with other known data sets such as geographical
data, population data, or economic data.
 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

In a safe connected world, smart products must be able to exchange information

with multiple devices. To do so, they need to speak the same language, i.e.
communication system.

.
Various communication systems are all about how signals are sent from one device
to another in order to trigger an action, such as turning the lights on and off.
 HARDWARE
The project deals with switching on and off of various house-hold appliances and to
regulate the ones which are capable of it. The system uses solid state relays for
switching and regulation purposes in a dimmer configuration and a feedback zero
crossing detector from ac inputs zero crossing detection. The system is depicted in
the form of block diagram as shown in the figure 3.

The System on Chip (SoC) microcontroller and Wi-Fi device used in the project is
nodemcu 1.0 which is entirely based on ESP8266EX chip. ESP8266EX offers a
complete and self-contained WiFi networking solution; it can be used to host the
application or to offload WiFi networking functions from another application
processor. ESP8266EX also integrates an enhanced version of Tensilica’s L106
Diamond series 32-bit processor, with on-chip SRAM, besides the WiFi
functionalities. As the Soc works on 3.3V supply the system has been designed to
rectify and regulate the ac input voltage to the required parameters. The Soc has on
board ADC with 10 but resolution which has been put to use for feedback from the
ZCD. The ZCD gives the microcontroller input so as to have a reference along
which the voltage regulated as shown in the figure 3. SSR dimmer works by
modulating the input ac waveform, in the figure the blue highlighted part is the
effective power which goes to the load in the same way by changing the duty
cycle.

Fig.3. Block diagram of the proposed system.

 SOLID STATE RELAY

Unlike electro-mechanical relays (EMR) which use coils, magnetic fields, springs
and mechanical contacts to operate and switch a supply, the solid state relay, or
SSR, has no moving parts but instead uses the electrical and optical properties of
solid state semiconductors to perform its input to output isolation and switching
functions.

Just like a normal electro-mechanical relay, SSR’s provide complete electrical

isolation between their input and output contacts with its output acting like a
conventional electrical switch in that it has very high, almost infinite resistance
when non-conducting (open), and a very low resistance when conducting (closed).
 SSR Dimmer Circuit
While solid state relays can perform straight forward zero-crossing switching of a
given load, they can also do much more complex functions by means of digital
logic circuits, microprocessors and memories. Another excellent application of a
solid state relay is in lamp dimming applications. Non-zero (instant-on) switching
solid state relays turn-on immediately after the application of the input control
signal as opposed to the zero crossing SSR above which waits until the next zero-
crossing point of the AC sine-wave. This random-fire switching is used in resistive
applications such as lamp dimming and applications that require the load only to be
energized for a small portion of the AC cycle as shown in figure 2. In the figure 4
the circuit diagram of SSR is depicted which has been implemented in the project.
The opto-coupler gets input in the form of pulse width modulation from the
microcontroller and on the other part it starts conducting the power to the gate of
the triac and the load is supplied with power. The ac sine wave is being constantly
sensed for zero crossing, the firing angle based on the duty cycle is produced with
respect to the input of the feedback. The output of the system is given by the
equation as shown by
Tout
Vout= ∗Vin
Ttotal

Fig.4. SSR dimmer circuit

 Protection Circuit

Protective devices for every circuit are necessary especially for devices like opto-
couplers which have very low tolerance for high currents. Opto-couplers are
protected by adding a 1K ohms resister in series and a 1.2V led in parallel to the
input pin. Triac has delicacy to dv/dt and is protected by snubber circuit. When a
triac controls inductive loads, the mains voltage and the load current are not in
phase. To limit the slope of the reapplied voltage and ensure right triac turn-off,
designer usually used a snubber circuit connected in parallel with the triac. This
circuit can also be used to improve triac immunity to fast transient voltages.
 Graphical User Interface

Fig.6. Graphic User Interface

The current system can be controlled over any IP address just by browsing to the
IP or by the app which has been developed for it. The steps for the use are as
follows, the user connects to the local network at which the device is already
configured and the IP is already issued at the time of configuration, The app
interface is shown in figure 6. The

The user controls the voltage regulation with the slider at the bottom of the GUI.
 Future Developments

The current system which is on IPv4 can be converted to IPv6 by using better
modules. The session can be upgraded to MQTT for more robustness, number of
devices on network and security. SSRs can be replaced with snubber less SSRs.
The system can be upgraded to a micro grid by using a nonconventional power
sources and power sensors.
 Conclusion

The paper deals with the electrical approach to IoT implementation towards its best
application i.e smart homes with product facade. The project deals with a SSR
based home appliance switching system which has its control through Wi-Fi on a
smart phone app. The detailed structure of the IoT ecosystem and hardware of the
project has been covered in the paper. Work provides full control and monitoring
of home appliances like fan, light in real time monitoring. Android mobile is user
friendly, so controlling and monitoring part is easy for User.