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    Geology 10

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    John Kenneth Bentir
    Applied geology deals with economic minerals that are extracted for practical uses. Economic geologists help locate and manage natural resources like petroleum, coal, and mineral resources. Mining geology consists of extracting mineral resources from the Earth like metals, gemstones, and minerals. Petroleum geologists study locations underground that can contain extractable hydrocarbons like petroleum and natural gas. Engineering geology applies geological principles to engineering projects to address geological factors.

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    Geology 10

    Uploaded by

    John Kenneth Bentir
    52 views3 pages
    Applied geology deals with economic minerals that are extracted for practical uses. Economic geologists help locate and manage natural resources like petroleum, coal, and mineral resources. Mining geology consists of extracting mineral resources from the Earth like metals, gemstones, and minerals. Petroleum geologists study locations underground that can contain extractable hydrocarbons like petroleum and natural gas. Engineering geology applies geological principles to engineering projects to address geological factors.

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    Applied geology deals with economic minerals that are extracted for practical uses. Economic geologists help locate and manage natural resources like petroleum, coal, and mineral resources. Mining geology consists of extracting mineral resources from the Earth like metals, gemstones, and minerals. Petroleum geologists study locations underground that can contain extractable hydrocarbons like petroleum and natural gas. Engineering geology applies geological principles to engineering projects to address geological factors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    52 views3 pages

    Geology 10

    Uploaded by

    John Kenneth Bentir
    Applied geology deals with economic minerals that are extracted for practical uses. Economic geologists help locate and manage natural resources like petroleum, coal, and mineral resources. Mining geology consists of extracting mineral resources from the Earth like metals, gemstones, and minerals. Petroleum geologists study locations underground that can contain extractable hydrocarbons like petroleum and natural gas. Engineering geology applies geological principles to engineering projects to address geological factors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Applied geology[edit]

    Man panning for gold on the Mokelumne. Harper's Weekly: How We Got Gold in California. 1860

    Economic geology[edit]
    Main article: Economic geology
    Economic geology is a branch of geology that deals with aspects of economic minerals that humankind
    uses to fulfill various needs. Economic minerals are those extracted profitably for various practical uses.
    Economic geologists help locate and manage the Earth's natural resources, such as petroleum and coal,
    as well as mineral resources, which include metals such as iron, copper, and uranium.

    Mining geology[edit]
    Main article: Mining
    Mining geology consists of the extractions of mineral resources from the Earth. Some resources of
    economic interests include gemstones, metals such as gold and copper, and many minerals such
    as asbestos, perlite, mica, phosphates, zeolites, clay, pumice, quartz, and silica, as well as elements such
    as sulfur, chlorine, and helium.

    Petroleum geology[edit]

    Mud log in process, a common way to study the lithology when drilling oil wells
    Main article: Petroleum geology
    Petroleum geologists study the locations of the subsurface of the Earth that can contain extractable
    hydrocarbons, especially petroleum and natural gas. Because many of these reservoirs are found
    in sedimentary basins,[45] they study the formation of these basins, as well as their sedimentary and
    tectonic evolution and the present-day positions of the rock units.
    Engineering geology[edit]
    Main articles: Engineering geology, Soil mechanics, and Geotechnical engineering
    Engineering geology is the application of the geologic principles to engineering practice for the purpose of
    assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction, operation, and maintenance
    of engineering works are properly addressed.

    A child drinks water from a well built as part of a hydrogeological humanitarian project in Shant Abak, Kenya

    In the field of civil engineering, geological principles and analyses are used in order to ascertain the
    mechanical principles of the material on which structures are built. This allows tunnels to be built without
    collapsing, bridges and skyscrapers to be built with sturdy foundations, and buildings to be built that will not
    settle in clay and mud.[46]

    Hydrology and environmental issues[edit]


    Main article: Hydrogeology
    Geology and geologic principles can be applied to various environmental problems such as stream
    restoration, the restoration of brownfields, and the understanding of the interaction between natural
    habitat and the geologic environment. Groundwater hydrology, or hydrogeology, is used to locate
    groundwater,[47] which can often provide a ready supply of uncontaminated water and is especially
    important in arid regions,[48] and to monitor the spread of contaminants in groundwater wells.[47][49]
    Geologists also obtain data through stratigraphy, boreholes, core samples, and ice cores. Ice cores[50] and
    sediment cores[51] are used to for paleoclimate reconstructions, which tell geologists about past and
    present temperature, precipitation, and sea level across the globe. These datasets are our primary source
    of information on global climate change outside of instrumental data.[52]

    Natural hazards[edit]

    Rockfall in the Grand Canyon


    Main article: Natural hazard § Geological hazards
    Geologists and geophysicists study natural hazards in order to enact safe building codes and warning
    systems that are used to prevent loss of property and life.[53] Examples of important natural hazards that
    are pertinent to geology (as opposed those that are mainly or only pertinent to meteorology) are:
    • Avalanches
    • Earthquakes
    • Floods
    • Landslides and debris flows
    • River channel migration and avulsion
    • Liquefaction
    • Sinkholes
    • Subsidence
    • Tsunamis
    • Volcanoes

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