User's Guide: NBG-418N v2

User’s Guide
NBG-418N v2
Wireless N300 Home Router
Default Login Details Version 1.00 Edition 4, 05/2019

Web Address http://myrouter (router mode)
LAN IP http://192.168.1.1 (router mode)
Address http://192.168.1.2 (non-router
mode)
User Name admin
Password 1234
Copyright © 2019 Zyxel Communications Corporation

IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from what you see due to differences in release
versions or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information
in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the managed device.
• More Information
Go to support.zyxel.com to find other information on the NBG-418N v2.
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
2
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes

These are how warnings and notes are shown in this guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your Zyxel
Device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to
configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The Zyxel device in this user’s guide may be referred to as the “NBG-418N v2” in this guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Network > WAN
> Internet Connection means you first click Network in the navigation panel, then the WAN sub menu
and finally the Internet Connection tab to get to that screen.
3
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide ......................................................................................................................................11
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 12
The Web Configurator ......................................................................................................................... 18
Connection Wizard .............................................................................................................................. 21
Modes .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Tutorials .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................61
Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 62

WAN ....................................................................................................................................................... 79
LAN ......................................................................................................................................................... 99
DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................................ 102
Network Address Translation ............................................................................................................. 106
Dynamic DNS ...................................................................................................................................... 116
Static Route ......................................................................................................................................... 118
Firewall ................................................................................................................................................. 120
Content Filtering ................................................................................................................................. 124
Remote Management ....................................................................................................................... 126
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ......................................................................................................... 128
Bandwidth MGMT ............................................................................................................................... 143
System .................................................................................................................................................. 146
Logs ...................................................................................................................................................... 149
Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 152
Sys OP Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 157
Language ............................................................................................................................................ 159
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................. 160
4
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Document Conventions ......................................................................................................................3
Contents Overview .............................................................................................................................4
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5
Part I: User’s Guide.......................................................................................... 11
Chapter 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................12
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 12

1.2 Securing the NBG-418N v2 ............................................................................................................ 13
1.3 LEDs .................................................................................................................................................. 14
1.4 The WPS/RESET Button .................................................................................................................... 14
1.4.1 Using the WPS/RESET Button ................................................................................................. 15
1.5 Wall Mounting ................................................................................................................................. 15
Chapter 2
The Web Configurator........................................................................................................................18
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 18

2.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................................. 18
2.3 Resetting the NBG-418N v2 ........................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 3
Connection Wizard ............................................................................................................................21
3.1 Wizard Setup ................................................................................................................................... 21

3.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: WAN Connection Type .................................................................. 22
3.2.1 PPPoE Connection ................................................................................................................ 23
3.2.2 Dynamic IP Connection ....................................................................................................... 24
3.2.3 Static IP Connection ............................................................................................................. 25
3.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN .................................................................................... 26
3.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration ................................................................... 28
3.5 Connection Wizard Complete ...................................................................................................... 28
Chapter 4
Modes .................................................................................................................................................30
4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 30

4.2 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Router Mode ................................................................................. 31
5
Table of Contents
4.2.1 Status (Router Mode) ............................................................................................................ 32

4.2.2 Router Mode Navigation Panel .......................................................................................... 36
4.3 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to AP Mode ........................................................................................ 38
4.3.1 Status (AP Mode) .................................................................................................................. 39
4.3.2 AP Navigation Panel ............................................................................................................. 40
4.4 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Universal Repeater Mode ............................................................ 41
4.4.1 Status (Universal Repeater Mode) ...................................................................................... 42
4.4.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel ................................................................................. 43
4.5 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Client Bridge Mode ...................................................................... 45
4.5.1 Status (Client Bridge Mode) ................................................................................................. 45
4.5.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel ................................................................................. 47
Chapter 5
Tutorials ...............................................................................................................................................48
5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 48

5.2 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP ............................................................................... 48
5.3 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-418N v2 and Wireless Client ........ 48
5.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) ........................................................................................ 49
5.3.2 PIN Configuration .................................................................................................................. 50
5.4 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-418N v2 .......................... 51
5.4.1 Configure Your Wireless Client ............................................................................................. 53
5.5 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2 ..................................................................................... 55
5.5.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs .................................................................. 55
5.6 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example .......................................................................................... 58
5.7 Using Bandwidth Management on the NBG-418N v2 ................................................................ 58
Part II: Technical Reference........................................................................... 61
Chapter 6
Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................................62
6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 62

6.2 What You Can Do .......................................................................................................................... 63
6.3 What You Should Know ................................................................................................................. 64
6.3.1 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................... 64
6.3.2 MBSSID .................................................................................................................................... 65
6.3.3 MAC Address Filter ................................................................................................................ 65
6.3.4 Encryption .............................................................................................................................. 65
6.3.5 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ................................................................................................. 66
6.4 Wireless LAN General Settings ....................................................................................................... 66
6.4.1 No Security ............................................................................................................................. 68
6.4.2 WEP Encryption ..................................................................................................................... 69
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Table of Contents
6.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .............................................................................................................. 70

6.5 MAC Filter ........................................................................................................................................ 71
6.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Settings .................................................................................................. 71
6.7 WPS ................................................................................................................................................... 72
6.8 WPS Station ...................................................................................................................................... 73
6.9 Scheduling ....................................................................................................................................... 74
6.10 MBSSID ............................................................................................................................................ 75
6.11 AP Select ....................................................................................................................................... 76
6.12 WLAN Information ......................................................................................................................... 77
Chapter 7
WAN ....................................................................................................................................................79
7.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 79

7.2 What You Need To Know .............................................................................................................. 79
7.2.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection ............................................................................... 79
7.3 Internet Connection ....................................................................................................................... 80
7.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation ........................................................................................................ 80
7.3.2 PPPoE Encapsulation ............................................................................................................ 82
7.3.3 PPTP Encapsulation ............................................................................................................... 84
7.3.4 DS-Lite ..................................................................................................................................... 86
7.4 Advanced Settings ......................................................................................................................... 86
7.5 IPv6 Settings ..................................................................................................................................... 87
Chapter 8
LAN ......................................................................................................................................................99
8.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 99

8.2 What You Need To Know .............................................................................................................. 99
8.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask ............................................................................................. 100
8.2.2 DNS Server Address Assignment ........................................................................................ 100
8.2.3 IP Pool Setup ........................................................................................................................ 101
8.2.4 LAN TCP/IP ........................................................................................................................... 101
8.3 LAN IP Settings ............................................................................................................................... 101
Chapter 9
DHCP Server......................................................................................................................................102
9.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 102

9.2 What You Can Do ........................................................................................................................ 102
9.3 What You Need To Know ............................................................................................................ 102
9.4 General Settings ........................................................................................................................... 102
9.5 Static DHCP ................................................................................................................................... 103
9.6 Client List ........................................................................................................................................ 104
Chapter 10
Network Address Translation ..........................................................................................................106
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Table of Contents
10.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 106

10.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 106
10.2.1 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 107
10.3 NAT General Settings ................................................................................................................. 108
10.4 NAT Application .......................................................................................................................... 109
10.5 Port Triggering ............................................................................................................................. 111
10.6 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 113
10.6.1 NAT Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ......................................................... 113
10.6.2 NAT Port Forwarding Example ......................................................................................... 113
10.6.3 Trigger Port Forwarding .................................................................................................... 114
10.6.4 Trigger Port Forwarding Example .................................................................................... 114
10.6.5 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports ............................................................... 115
Chapter 11
Dynamic DNS ...................................................................................................................................116
11.1 DNS Overview ............................................................................................................................. 116

11.1.1 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 116
11.2 Dynamic DNS .............................................................................................................................. 117
Chapter 12
Static Route.......................................................................................................................................118
12.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 118

12.2 IP Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 118
Chapter 13
Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................120
13.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 120

13.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 120
13.3 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................... 121
13.3.1 About the NBG-418N v2 Firewall ..................................................................................... 121
13.3.2 VPN Pass Through Features .............................................................................................. 121
13.4 Firewall General Settings ............................................................................................................ 121
13.5 Services ........................................................................................................................................ 122
Chapter 14
Content Filtering ...............................................................................................................................124
14.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 124

14.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 124
14.3 Filter Settings ................................................................................................................................ 124
Chapter 15
Remote Management .....................................................................................................................126
15.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 126
8
Table of Contents
15.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .................................................................................. 126

15.1.2 Remote Management and NAT ..................................................................................... 126
15.1.3 System Timeout .................................................................................................................. 126
15.2 WWW Settings ............................................................................................................................. 127
Chapter 16
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)......................................................................................................128
16.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 128

16.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 128
16.3 Configuring UPnP ........................................................................................................................ 129
16.4 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example ...................................................................................... 129
16.4.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device .................................................... 131
16.5 Turn on UPnP in Windows 10 Example ...................................................................................... 133
16.5.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device .................................................... 135
16.6 Web Configurator Easy Access in Windows 7 ......................................................................... 138
16.7 Web Configurator Easy Access in Windows 10 ....................................................................... 140
Chapter 17
Bandwidth MGMT.............................................................................................................................143
17.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 143

17.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 143
17.3 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................... 143
17.4 Bandwidth MGMT ...................................................................................................................... 143
17.5 Advanced Settings .................................................................................................................... 144
Chapter 18
System...............................................................................................................................................146
18.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 146

18.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 146
18.3 System General Settings ............................................................................................................ 146
18.4 Time Settings ................................................................................................................................ 147
Chapter 19
Logs ...................................................................................................................................................149
19.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 149

19.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 149
19.3 View Log ...................................................................................................................................... 150
Chapter 20
Tools ..................................................................................................................................................152
20.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 152

20.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 152
20.3 Firmware Upload ........................................................................................................................ 152
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Table of Contents
20.4 Configuration .............................................................................................................................. 154

20.4.1 Backup Configuration ...................................................................................................... 154
20.4.2 Restore Configuration ...................................................................................................... 154
20.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults .................................................................................................. 155
20.5 Restart .......................................................................................................................................... 155
Chapter 21
Sys OP Mode ....................................................................................................................................157
21.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 157

21.2 General Settings ......................................................................................................................... 157
Chapter 22
Language .........................................................................................................................................159
22.1 Language Settings ..................................................................................................................... 159
Chapter 23
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................160
23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ............................................................................... 160

23.2 NBG-418N v2 Access and Login ............................................................................................... 161
23.3 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................... 162
23.4 Resetting the NBG-418N v2 to Its Factory Defaults ................................................................. 163
23.5 Wireless Problems ........................................................................................................................ 164
23.6 UPnP ............................................................................................................................................. 165
Appendix A Customer Support ..................................................................................................... 167
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting .................................................................................... 173
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions............................................ 182
Appendix D Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address .................................................................. 190
Appendix E Wireless LANs............................................................................................................... 216
Appendix F IPv6 ............................................................................................................................... 229
Appendix G Common Services ..................................................................................................... 237
Appendix H Legal Information....................................................................................................... 240
Index .................................................................................................................................................248
10
P ART I
User’s Guide
11
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
The NBG-418N v2 extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing
easy network access to mobile users.
Your can create the following connections using the NBG-418N v2:
• LAN. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG-418N v2 so that they can
communicate with each other and access the Internet.
• WLAN. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG-418N v2 to access network resources.
• WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access.
Figure 1 NBG-418N v2 Network
You can set up the NBG-418N v2 with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices in one of the following
device modes:
• Router
• Access Point
• Universal Repeater
• Client Bridge
12
Chapter 1 Introduction
Use a (supported) web browser to manage the NBG-418N v2. Menus vary according to which mode
you’re using.
Router Mode AP or Universal Client Bridge Mode

Repeater Mode
See Chapter 4 on page 30 for more information on these modes.
1.2 Securing the NBG-418N v2

Do the following things regularly to make the NBG-418N v2 more secure and to manage the NBG-418N
v2 more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of
characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working
configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your
password, you will have to reset the NBG-418N v2 to its factory default settings. If you backed up an
earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG-418N v2. You could
simply restore your last configuration.
13
1.3 LEDs
Figure 2 Front Panel
The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button.
Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Green On The NBG-418N v2 is receiving power and functioning properly.
Off The NBG-418N v2 is not receiving power.
WAN Green On The NBG-418N v2 has a successful 10/100MB WAN connection.

Blinking The NBG-418N v2 is sending/receiving data through the WAN.
Off The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
WLAN Green On The NBG-418N v2 is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through
the wireless LAN.
Blinking The NBG-418N v2 is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN.
The NBG-418N v2 is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless

client.
Off The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
WPS Green On WPS status is configured.
Blinking The NBG-418N v2 is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless
client.
Off The WPS status is not configured or disabled.
1.4 The WPS/RESET Button

Your NBG-418N v2 supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must
support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
14
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (recommended) on the device
itself, or in its configuration utility or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one
device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has
two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
The WPS/RESET single button is located at the back panel of the NBG-418N v2.
1.4.1 Using the WPS/RESET Button
1 Make sure the power LED is on.
2 Press the WPS/RESET button within 3 seconds to turn on the WPS function
3 Press the WPS/RESET button for longer than 10 seconds to restart/reboot the NBG-418N v2 back to its
factory-default configurations.
For more information on using WPS/RESET, see Section 5.3 on page 48.
1.5 Wall Mounting

You may need screw anchors if mounting on a concrete or brick wall.
Table 2 Wall Mounting Information

Distance between holes 10.50 cm
M4 Screws Two
Screw anchors (optional) Two
15
Figure 3 Screw Specifications
1 Select a position free of obstructions on a wall strong enough to hold the weight of the device.
2 Mark two holes on the wall at the appropriate distance apart for the screws.
Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall

when drilling holes for the screws.
3 If using screw anchors, drill two holes for the screw anchors into the wall. Push the anchors into the full
depth of the holes, then insert the screws into the anchors. Do not insert the screws all the way in - leave
a small gap of about 0.5 cm.
If not using screw anchors, use a screwdriver to insert the screws into the wall. Do not insert the screws all
the way in - leave a gap of about 0.5 cm.
4 Make sure the screws are fastened well enough to hold the weight of the NBG-418N v2 with the
connection cables.
5 Align the holes on the back of the NBG-418N v2 with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG-418N v2 on
the screws.
16
Figure 4 Wall Mounting Example
17
CHAPTER 2
The Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to access the NBG-418N v2 Web Configurator and provides an overview of
its screens.
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy NBG-418N v2 setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 8.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3
and later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768
pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows 7.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Refer to Chapter 23 Troubleshooting to see how to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet
Explorer.
2.2 Accessing the Web Configurator

1 Make sure your NBG-418N v2 hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer
network to connect to the NBG-418N v2 (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2 Launch your web browser.
3 When the NBG-418N v2 is in router mode, type “http://myrouter” or "http://192.168.1.1" as the website
address in your web browser. 192.168.1.1 is the default LAN IP address in router mode (the default
device mode). (The default IP address in non-router mode is 192.168.1.2).
Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address. In router mode, the
NBG-418N v2 can assign your computer an IP address, so you must set your computer to get an IP
address automatically (computer factory default) or give it a fixed IP address in the range between
192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254 (see the appendices).
4 Type admin (default) as the user name and 1234 (default) as the password and click OK.
18
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Figure 5 Login Screen
5 You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next.
Type a new password. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Ignore if you do not want to change the
password this time.
Figure 6 Change Password Screen
Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the
Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes). Simply log back into
the NBG-418N v2 if this happens.
6 Select the setup type you want to use.

• Click Go to Wizard Setup to use the Configuration Wizard for basic Internet and wireless setup.
• Click Go to Advanced Setup to view and configure all the NBG-418N v2’s settings.
• Select a language to go to the basic Web Configurator in that language. To change to the
advanced configurator see Chapter 22 on page 159.
19
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Figure 7 Selecting the Setup Mode
2.3 Resetting the NBG-418N v2

If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to
use the WPS/RESET button at the back of the NBG-418N v2 to reload the factory-default configuration
file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the username will be
reset to admin and password will be reset to 1234. The IP address will be reset to “192.168.1.1”.
Make sure the power LED is on and press the WPS/RESET button for longer than 10 seconds to restart/
reboot and set the NBG-418N v2 back to its factory-default configurations.
20
CHAPTER 3
Connection Wizard
3.1 Wizard Setup

This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web Configurator.
The Web Configurator’s wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Leave a
field blank if you don’t have that information.
1 After you access the NBG-418N v2 Web Configurator, click Go to Wizard setup.
Figure 8 Select Go to Wizard setup
21
Chapter 3 Connection Wizard
Figure 9 Welcome to the Connection Wizard
2 Read the on-screen information and click Next.
3.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: WAN Connection Type

The NBG-418N v2 offers three Internet connection types. They are PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), Dynamic IP
or Static IP. You must select one from the check box in Step 1 of the Wizard. Check with your ISP to make
sure you use the correct type.
22
Figure 10 Wizard Step 1: WAN Connection Type
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 3 Wizard Step 1: WAN Connection Type

LABEL DESCRIPTION
PPPoE Select PPPoE radio button for a dial-up connection.
Dynamic IP Select Dynamic IP radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Static IP Select Static IP radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-418N v2 a fixed, unique IP
address.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
3.2.1 PPPoE Connection

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF (Internet
Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host personal computer interacts with a broadband
modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, and so forth) to achieve access to high-speed data networks.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for instance, RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer
new IP services for specific users.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscriber’s site.
23
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-418N v2 (rather than individual computers), the computers
on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-418N v2 does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access.
Figure 11 Wizard Step 2: PPPoE Connection
Table 4 Wizard Step 2: PPPoE Connection

LABEL DESCRIPTION
PPPoE
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
Confirm Password Type the password again for confirmation.
Account Validate Click the Account Validate button to establish the Internet connection via PPPoE
encapsulation.
Next Click Next to continue.
3.2.2 Dynamic IP Connection

Use the dynamic IP connection when your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address
dynamically.
24
Figure 12 Wizard Step 1: Dynamic IP Connection
3.2.3 Static IP Connection

The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed IP address to the NBG-418N v2.
Figure 13 Wizard Step 2: Static IP
Click Next to open the following screen.
25
Figure 14 Wizard Step 2: Static IP Connection
Table 5 Wizard Step 2: Static IP Connection

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Select this option if you were given IP address and/or DNS server settings by the ISP.
The fixed IP address should be in the same subnet as your broadband modem or
router.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask address in this field.
Default Gateway Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
Primary DNS DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you
must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG-418N v2
uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for
DDNS and the time server. Enter the primary DNS server’s IP address in this field.
Secondary DNS Enter the secondary DNS server’s IP address in this field. This field is optional.
Next Click Next to continue.
Click Next to configure the WLAN for the NBG-418N v2.
3.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN

Set up your wireless LAN using the following screen.
26
Figure 15 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN
Table 6 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless LAN
Disable the Click this check box to disable the WLAN in the NBG-418N v2.
wireless radio
SSID Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you change this field on the NBG-418N v2, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in
order to access the network.
Channel The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices is called a channel.
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel
from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency band and the
country you are in.
Select Auto to have the NBG-418N v2 automatically choose the channel with the least
interference.
Mode Select the IEEE 802.11 WLAN mode you wish to use on the NBG-418N v2 from the drop-down list.
Channel Width Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network.
Select Auto 20/40 MHz to allow the NBG-418N v2 to adjust the channel bandwidth to 40 MHz or
20 MHz depending on network conditions.
Select 20 MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
Select 40 MHz to bond two adjacent radio channels to increase throughput. The wireless clients
must also support 40 MHz.
Wireless Security
Disable Security Click this check box to disable security settings for the WLAN.
27
Table 6 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPA2-PSK AES Choose WPA2-PSK AES security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this option only if your
wireless clients support WPA2-PSK. You will need to enter a Pre-Shared Key in the box below.
Pre-Shared Key Type in a string of ASCII characters between 8 and 63 or hexadecimal characters between 8
and 64 for the Pre-Shared Key field.
Back Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Note: The wireless stations and NBG-418N v2 must use the same SSID, channel ID, WPA-PSK (if
WPA-PSK is enabled) or WPA2-PSK (if WPA2-PSK is enabled) for wireless communication.
3.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration

Click Apply to finish setting up your NBG-418N v2 to operate on your network and access the
Internet.This wizard screen varies according to the connection type that you select.
Figure 16 Wizard Step 3: Internet Configuration.
3.5 Connection Wizard Complete

Click Finish to complete the wizard setup.
28
Figure 17 Connection Wizard Complete
Well done! You have successfully set up your NBG-418N v2 to operate on your network and access the
Internet.
29
CHAPTER 4
Modes
4.1 Overview
You can set up the NBG-418N v2 with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices in different device
modes.
Note: Choose your device mode carefully to avoid having to change it later. The NBG-418N
v2 automatically restarts when you change modes.
The default LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in Router mode is 192.168.1.1. The
default IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in other modes is 192.168.1.2.
• Router: Use this mode if you want to use routing functions such as LAN DHCP, NAT, firewall and so on,
on the NBG-418N v2 (N). The NBG-418N v2 has separate LAN and WAN network IP addresses.
Connect the WAN port to an Internet Access Device (IAD) such as a broadband modem.
LEW
Figure 18 Router
WLAN
IAD
WAN
LAN
N
• Access Point: Use this mode if you already have a Router (R) in your network and you want to set up a
wireless network and bridge the wired and wireless connections on the NBG-416N.
LEW
Figure 19 AP Mode
WLAN
N R WAN
LAN
30
Chapter 4 Modes
• Universal Repeater: In this mode, the NBG-418N v2 (N) can be an access point and a wireless client at
the same time. Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in your network and
you want the NBG-418N v2 (N) to wirelessly relay communications from its wireless clients to the
access point.
LEW
Figure 20 Universal Repeater
WLAN
AP
• Client Bridge: Use this mode to have the NBG-418N v2 work only as a wireless client if there is an
existing wireless router or access point in the network to which you want to connect your local
network wirelessly. In this mode, you should know the SSID and wireless security details of the access
point to which you want to connect.
Figure 21 Client Bridge
AP
4.2 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Router Mode

The NBG-418N v2 is set to wireless router mode by default. If it was changed and now you want to set it
back, do the following procedure.
1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2.
2 The default LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is 192.168.1.1 in router mode and 192.168.1.2 by default in
non-router mode. In router mode, the NBG-418N v2 can assign your computer an IP address, so you
must set your computer to get an IP address automatically (computer factory default) or give it a fixed
IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254.
3 After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type the
IP address of the NBG-418N v2 as the web address in your web browser.
4 Log into the Web Configurator. See the Chapter 2 on page 18 for instructions on how to do this.
5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Router.
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Chapter 4 Modes
6 A pop-up window appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up message
window. Click Apply.
Note: Wait while the NBG-418N v2 restarts, then log in to the Web Configurator again. The
NBG-418N v2 IP address is now 192.168.1.1.
4.2.1 Status (Router Mode)

The screen below shows the status screen in Router mode.
32
Chapter 4 Modes
Figure 22 Status Screen (Router Mode)
The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen.
Table 7 Status Screen Icon Key

ICON DESCRIPTION
Click this icon to open the setup wizard.
Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information.
Click this icon at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen in Router mode.
Table 8 Web Configurator Status Screen (Router Mode)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen.
It is for identification purposes.
Firmware Version This is the current firmware version of the NBG-418N v2.
WAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC address of your device.
- Connection Type This shows the current connection type.
33
Chapter 4 Modes
Table 8 Web Configurator Status Screen (Router Mode) (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
- IP Address This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
- Gateway This shows the WAN port’s gateway IP address.
- DNS This shows the IP address of your DNS server.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP Server This shows the LAN port’s DHCP server status.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC address of your device.
- Status This shows the current status of the wireless LAN - On, Off or Off by scheduler.
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually or the NBG-418N v2
automatically scans and selects.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG-418N v2 is currently using over the
wireless LAN.
- Security Mode This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the wireless standard.
- WPS This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up.
This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
IPv6
Network Status This field displays the IPv6 network connection status.
Connection Type This field displays the IPv6 connection type that is currently in use.
WAN Address This field displays the current WAN IPv6 address of the NBG-418N v2.
Default Gateway This field displays the IPV6’s gateway address of the NBG-418N v2.
Primary DNS This field displays the IPV6’s primary DNS server’s address of the NBG-418N v2.
Secondary DNS This field displays the IPV6’s secondary DNS server’s address of the NBG-418N v2.
DHCP-PD This field displays the status of the IPv6 DHCP’s Prefix Delegation.
DHCP-PD Prefix This field displays the delegated IPv6 DHCP’s Prefixes.
Link-Local Address This field displays the link-local IP address of the NBG-418N v2 LAN port. A link-local
address is similar to a “private IP address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local
address on multiple interfaces on a device.
LAN Address This field displays the IPv6 LAN’s IP address.
System Status
Operation Mode This field shows the device operation mode: Router, Access Point, Universal
Repeater or Client Bridge.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG-418N v2 has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG-418N v2’s present date and time.
System Setting
- Firewall This shows whether the firewall is active or not.
34
Chapter 4 Modes
Table 8 Web Configurator Status Screen (Router Mode) (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
- UPnP This shows whether UPnP is active or not.
Summary
Client Table Use this screen to view current client information. Click “Details...” to see the
screen.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click “Details...” to
see the screen.
4.2.1.1 Summary: Client Table

Click the Client Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. The client table shows current client
information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients connected to the
NBG-418N v2.
Figure 23 Summary: Client Table
Table 9 Summary: Client Table

LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the host computer.
IP Address This field displays the IPv4 address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name This field displays the computer host name.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely
identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Interface This field shows the NBG-418N v2’s interface to which the client is connected.
IPv6 DHCP Table
# This is the index number of the IPv6 client table.
IPv6 Address This field displays the IPv6 address of the host computer.
Host Name This field displays the computer host name.
Refresh Click Refresh to renew the screen.
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Chapter 4 Modes
4.2.1.2 Summary: Packet Statistics

Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here includes
port status, packet specific statistics and the "system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable
and is used for refreshing the screen.
Figure 24 Summary: Packet Statistics
Table 10 Summary: Packet Statistics

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the NBG-418N v2’s port type.
RxPkts This is the number of received packets on this port.
Rx err This is the number of received packets with errors on this port.
Rx drop This is the number of received packets that were dropped on this port.
Txpkts This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
Tx err This is the number of transmitted packets with errors on this port.
Tx drop This is the number of transmitted packets that were dropped on this port.
Poll Interval(s) Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s) field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
4.2.2 Router Mode Navigation Panel

Use the menu in the navigation panel menus to configure NBG-418N v2 features in Router Mode.
36
Chapter 4 Modes
Figure 25 Menus: Router Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 11 Menus: Router Mode

LINK TAB FUNCTION
Network
Wireless General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
LAN
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-418N v2 to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG-418N v2.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the wireless LAN is enabled.
MBSSID Use this screen to configure multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2.
WAN Internet This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
Connection assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address.
Advanced Use this screen to configure multicast WAN and auto IP setup.
IPv6 Use this screen to set the IPv6 WAN connection type, and LAN/WAN IPv6
address settings.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IPv4 address and subnet mask.
DHCP General Use this screen to enable the NBG-418N v2’s DHCP server.
Server
Advanced Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based
on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server.
Client List Use this screen to view current DHCP client information and to always assign
an IP address to a MAC address (and host name).
NAT General Use this screen to enable NAT.
Application Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG-418N v2.
Port Triggering Use this screen to configure port triggering settings on the NBG-418N v2.
DDNS General Use this screen to configure Dynamic DNS, a service that allows you to map a
fixed domain name to a non-fixed IP address.
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Chapter 4 Modes
Table 11 Menus: Router Mode (continued)

LINK TAB FUNCTION
Static Route IP Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes.
Security
Firewall General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
Services Use this screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features.
Content Filter Use this screen to configure content filter settings on the NBG-418N v2.
Filter
Management
Remote WWW Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
MGMT address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the NBG-418N v2.
UPnP General Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG-418N v2.
Bandwidth General Use this screen to enable bandwidth management on the NBG-418N v2.
MGMT
Advanced Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth
management rule.
Maintenance
System General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and
domain names, password and inactivity timer.
Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date.
Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected.
Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2.
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG-418N v2.
Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-418N v2 without turning the power
off.
Sys OP General This screen allows you to select the device operating mode.
Mode
Language Language This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
4.3 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to AP Mode

non-router mode.
5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Access Point.
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Chapter 4 Modes
window. Click Apply. Your NBG-418N v2 is now in AP Mode.
Note: Wait while the NBG-418N v2 restarts, then log in to the Web Configurator again.
4.3.1 Status (AP Mode)

Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in AP Mode.
Figure 26 Status Screen (AP Mode)
39
Chapter 4 Modes
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 12 Status Screen (AP Mode)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen. It is for
identification purposes.
LAN Information
- DHCP Server This shows the LAN port’s DHCP server status.
WLAN Information
- Status This shows the current status of the wireless LAN - On, Off, or Off by scheduler.
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the wireless LAN.
wireless LAN.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the IEEE 802.11 standard that the NBG-418N v2 supports. Wireless clients must
support the same standard in order to be able to connect to the NBG-418N v2.
- WPS This shows the WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) Status. Click the status to display Network >
Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
Operation Mode This field shows the device operating mode: Router, Access Point, Universal Repeater or
Client Bridge.
Summary
Client Table Use this screen to view current client information. Click “Details...” to see the screen.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click “Details...” to see
the screen.
4.3.2 AP Navigation Panel

Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-418N v2 features in AP Mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in AP Mode.
40
Chapter 4 Modes
Figure 27 Menu: AP Mode
Table 13 Menu: AP Mode

LINK TAB FUNCTION
Network
Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
Maintenance
System General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system
and domain names, password and inactivity timer.
off.
Sys OP Mode General This screen allows you to select the device operating mode: Router, Access
Point, Universal Repeater or Client Bridge.
4.4 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Universal Repeater Mode

non-router mode.
41
Chapter 4 Modes
5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Universal Repeater.
window. Click Apply. Your NBG-418N v2 is now in Universal Repeater mode.
4.4.1 Status (Universal Repeater Mode)

Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in Universal Repeater mode.
Figure 28 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode)
42
Chapter 4 Modes
Table 14 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
LAN Information
- DHCP Server This shows the LAN port’s DHCP server.
WLAN AP Information
- Status This shows the current status of the wireless LAN - On, Off, or Off by scheduler.
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive SSID name used to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the wireless
LAN.
wireless LAN.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the IEEE 802.11 standard that the NBG-418N v2 supports. Wireless clients
must support the same standard in order to be able to connect to the NBG-418N
v2.
- WPS This shows the WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) Status. Click the link to display Network >
Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
WLAN STA Information
- SSID This is the name of the selected AP that the NBG-418N v2 is associating with.
- Security Mode This shows the wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using to connect to the AP.
- Connection Status This shows whether the NBG-418N v2 is currently associated with the selected AP.
System Status
Operation Mode This field shows the device operating mode: Router, Access Point, Universal
Summary
Client table Use this screen to view current client information. Click “Details...” to see the
screen.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click “Details...” to
see the screen.
Message Use this screen to view the status of the NBG-418N v2.
4.4.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel

Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-418N v2 features in Universal Repeater Mode.
43
Chapter 4 Modes
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Universal Repeater Mode.
Figure 29 Menu: Universal Repeater Mode
Table 15 Menu: Universal Repeater Mode

LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the NBG-418N v2’s general device, system and interface
status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary
statistics tables.
Network
WLAN AP Select Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 to
connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP.
General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
Maintenance
off.
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Chapter 4 Modes
4.5 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Client Bridge Mode

non-router mode.
5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Client Bridge.
window. Click Apply. Your NBG-418N v2 is now in Client Bridge mode.
4.5.1 Status (Client Bridge Mode)

Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in Client Bridge mode.
45
Chapter 4 Modes
Figure 30 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode)
Table 16 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
LAN Information
- DHCP Server This shows the status of the LAN port’s DHCP server.
WLAN STA Information
- SSID This is the name of the selected AP that the NBG-418N v2 is associating with.
- Security Mode This shows the wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using to connect to the AP.
- Connection Status This shows whether the NBG-418N v2 is currently associated with the selected AP.
System Status
Operation Mode This field shows the device operating mode: Router, Access Point, Universal
Summary
Client Table Use this screen to view information of the client that is currently connected to the
NBG-418N v2’s Ethernet LAN port.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
46
Chapter 4 Modes
4.5.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel

Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-418N v2 features in Client Bridge Mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Client Bridge Mode.
Figure 31 Menu: Client Bridge Mode
Table 17 Menu: Client Bridge Mode

LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the NBG-418N v2’s general device, system and interface
status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary
statistics tables.
Network
AP Select AP Select Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 to
connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP.
WLAN Use this screen to view the SSID and security mode of the AP to which the
Information NBG-418N v2 is connecting.
Maintenance
off.
47
CHAPTER 5
Tutorials
5.1 Overview
This chapter provides tutorials for your NBG-418N v2 as follows:
• How to Connect to the Internet from an AP

• Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-418N v2 and Wireless Client
• Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-418N v2
• Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2
• Using Bandwidth Management on the NBG-418N v2
5.2 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP

This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and wireless client (a notebook,
B in this example) for wireless communication. B can access the Internet through the AP wirelessly.
Figure 32 Wireless AP Connection to the Internet
B AP
5.3 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your

NBG-418N v2 and Wireless Client
This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses the
NBG-418N v2 as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or
PCI card).
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both.
• Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See
Section 5.3.1 on page 49.This is the easier method.
48
Chapter 5 Tutorials
• PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal
Identification Number) in the NBG-418N v2’s interface. See Section 5.3.2 on page 50. This is the more
secure method, since one device can authenticate the other.
5.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1 Make sure that your NBG-418N v2 is turned on and that it is within range of your computer.
2 Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) driver and utility in
your notebook.
3 In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or WPS
button).
4 Log into NBG-418N v2’s Web Configurator and press Push Button in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
Station screen.
Note: Your NBG-418N v2 has a WPS/RESET button located on its back panel, as well as a WPS
button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function; you can
use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within
two minutes of pressing the first one.
The NBG-418N v2 sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two
minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-418N v2 securely.
The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button
on both NBG-418N v2 and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example).
49
Chapter 5 Tutorials
Figure 33 Example WPS Process: PBC Method
Wireless Client NBG-418N v2
WPS/Reset
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
5.3.2 PIN Configuration

When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG-418N v2’s configuration
interface and the client’s utilities.
1 Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to
get a PIN.
2 Enter the PIN to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station screen on the NBG-418N v2.
3 Click the Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the
NBG-418N v2’s WPS Station screen within two minutes.
The NBG-418N v2 authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the
wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the
NBG-418N v2 securely.
The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG-418N v2 and
wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method.
50
Chapter 5 Tutorials
Figure 34 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Wireless Client
NBG-418N v2
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
5.4 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS

on your NBG-418N v2
This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your
NBG-418N v2.
SSID SSID_Example3
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
Channel 6
Security WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG-418N v2.
The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are
logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 2.2 on page 18).
1 Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the NBG-418N v2’s Web Configurator.
2 Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected.
3 Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel.
4 Set security mode to WPA-PSK(AES) and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key
field. Click Apply.
Figure 35 Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > General
5 Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and
check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status.
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
Figure 36 Tutorial: Status Screen
5.4.1 Configure Your Wireless Client

Note: We use the Zyxel M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the wireless
client. The screens may vary for different models.
1 The NBG-418N v2 supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure that
your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
2 Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a “utility” that you install on your computer. See
your wireless adapter’s User’s Guide for information on how to do that.
3 After you’ve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utility’s icon on your screen, go to Start >
Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs
within range, as shown in the following example screen.
4 Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect.
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
Figure 37 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network
5 Select WPA2-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next.
Figure 38 Security Settings
6 The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue.
Figure 39 Confirm Save
7 Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is weak or
you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of this User’s Guide.
Figure 40 Link Status
54
Chapter 5 Tutorials
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL
of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection
is successfully configured.
5.5 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2

You can configure more than one SSID on a NBG-418N v2. See Section 6.10 on page 75.
This allows you to configure multiple independent wireless networks on the NBG-418N v2 as if there were
multiple APs (virtual APs). Each virtual AP has its own SSID, and wireless security type. That is, each SSID on
the NBG-418N v2 represents a different access point/wireless network to wireless clients in the network.
Clients can associate only with the SSIDs for which they have the correct security settings. Clients using
different SSIDs can access the Internet and the wired network behind the NBG-418N v2 (such as a
printer).
For example, you may set up three wireless networks (A, B and C) in your office. A is for workers, B is for
guests and C is specific to a VoIP device in the meeting room.
A
SSID_Workers
C
SSID_VoIP
B
SSID_Guest
5.5.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs

The NBG-418N v2 is in router mode by default.
This example shows you how to configure the SSIDs with the following parameters on your NBG-418N v2
(in router mode).
SSID SECURITY TYPE KEY

SSID_Workers WPA2-PSK DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
WPA Compatible
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
SSID SECURITY TYPE KEY

SSID_VoIP WPA-PSK VoIPOnly12345678
SSID_Guest WPA-PSK keyexample123
1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2 using an Ethernet cable.
2 The default IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in router mode is “192.168.1.1”. In this case, your computer
must have an IP address in the range between “192.168.1.2” and “192.168.1.254”.
3 Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type “cmd” in the dialog box. Enter “ipconfig” to show
your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address is not in the correct range then see Appendix
D on page 190 for information on changing your computer’s IP address.
4 After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type
“http://192.168.1.1” as the web address in your web browser.
5 Enter “1234” (default) as the password and click Login.
6 Type a new password and retype it to confirm, then click Apply. Otherwise, click Ignore.
7 A window appears asking you to select Wizard or Advance mode. Click Go to Advanced Setup in the
navigation panel.
8 Go to Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID. Type SSID_Workers in the Name (SSID) field, select WPA2-
PSK(AES) in the Security drop-down list, enter the pre-share key and click Apply.
9 Go to Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced and click enable Intra-BSS Traffic to allow wireless clients in
the same wireless network to communicate with each other. Click Apply.
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
10 To create the SSID_VoIP, go to Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID. click the radio button next to scheme 2
and Type SSID_Voip in the Name (SSID) field, select WPA-PSK in the Security drop-down list, enter the pre-
share key and click Apply.
11 To create the SSID_Guest, go to Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID. click the radio button next to scheme
3 and Type SSID_Guest in the Name (SSID) field, click Enable Wireless Isolation if you do not want the
SSID_Guest wireless clients to communicate with each other. select WPA-PSK in the Security drop-down
list, enter the pre-share key and click Apply.
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
5.6 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example

For more information on how to install Universal Plug and Play in Windows on your computer, see Section
16.4 on page 129.
5.7 Using Bandwidth Management on the NBG-418N v2

Bandwidth management provides a convenient way to manage the use of various services on the
network. It manages general protocols (for example, HTTP and FTP) and applies traffic prioritization to
enhance the performance of delay-sensitive applications like voice and video.
In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device (B). Bandwidth
management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Downlink traffic comes back from
the WAN device (B) to the LAN device (A). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the
traffic out to LAN.
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
Figure 41 Bandwidth Management Example
-> VoIP
-> FTP
-> HTTP
-> Chat, E-QoSmail
B
A
You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual
applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, and Email for example).
This example shows you how to configure the Bandwidth Management with the following parameters
on your NBG-418N v2 (in router mode).
QoS Rule
Up Stream 819200 kpbs

Down Stream 819200 kbps
Source IP 192.168.1.10
Up Ceiling 150000 kb/s
Down Ceiling 600000 kb/s
1 Go to Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Bandwidth MGMT and click Enable Bandwidth Management
check box.
2 Go to Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced and enter 819200 in the Total Up Stream and Down
Stream Bandwidth fields in the QoS Setup section. It is recommended to set this number to match the
actual upstream data rate. Click Apply or Reset to clear the fields.
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Chapter 5 Tutorials
3 Then, Click Add in the QoS Rules section and several box fields appears. Enter 192.168.1.10 in the Source
IP field, 192.168.1.10/32 will appear in the field, the 32-bits network is IPv4 addresses block that is assigned
by your ISP. Next, enter 150000 for Up Celing field and 600000 for Down Ceiling field and click Add. Note
that the Up/Down Ceiling numbers should not exceed the Total Bandwidth. You have successfully set a
specific minimum and maximum bandwidth for this particular IP address.
4 If you wish to delete a QoS Rules entry, click the Delete check box of the rule and click Delete button. To
clear the Source IP, Up/Down Ceiling box fields, click Reset button.
60
P ART II
Technical Reference
61
CHAPTER 6
Wireless LAN
6.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG-418N v2. See the
appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 42 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called
wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the
printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG-418N v2 is the AP in the above example.
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Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
6.2 What You Can Do

Wireless screens vary according to the device mode you are using.
Wireless Screen Router Access Point Universal Repeater Client Bridge

General
  
MAC Filter
  
Advanced
   
WPS
  
WPS Station
  
Scheduling
  
MBSSID

AP Select
 
WLAN Information

See Chapter 4 on page 30 for more information on device modes.
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security
mode (Section 6.4 on page 66).
• Use the MAC Filter screen to allow or deny wireless stations based on their MAC addresses from
connecting to the NBG-418N v2 (Section 6.5 on page 71).
• Use the Advanced screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold (Section 6.6 on
page 71).
• Use the WPS screen to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually (Section 6.7 on page 72).
• Use the WPS Station screen to add a wireless station using WPS (Section 6.8 on page 73).
• Use the Scheduling screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off (Section 6.9 on page
74).
• Use the MBSSID screen to configure multiple wireless networks on the NBG-418N v2 (Section 6.10 on
page 75).
• Use the AP Select screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 (in universal
repeater mode) to connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP (Section 6.11 on
page 76).
• Use the WLAN Information screen to view the SSID and security of the selected AP wireless network
(Section 6.12 on page 77).
63
6.3 What You Should Know

Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency,
to send and receive information.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
6.3.1 Wireless Security Overview

By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means
that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over
the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or
she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the
network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only
authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting
the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network.
Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with
the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are
given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent
Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined
attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use
them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you use a long key which is
difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently
random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess -
for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have
sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network
should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information
that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not
include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is
Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your
security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
64
6.3.2 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the
cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The NBG-418N v2’s MBSSID
(Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs
simultaneously. You can then assign varying security modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
6.3.2.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs

• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in
different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not
communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
6.3.3 MAC Address Filter

Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is
usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate User’s Guide or other
documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use
the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the
correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless
network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore,
there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then,
they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
6.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the
message.
Table 18 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication

NO AUTHENTICATION
Weakest No Security
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest WPA2-PSK
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These
kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
65
For example, if users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, WEP, WPA-PSK,
or WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network
supports. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device
B supports WEP and WPA2-PSK. Therefore, you should set up WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA2-PSK, or stronger encryption. IEEE
802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for
unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the
key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key.
6.3.5 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)

Your NBG-418N v2 supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must
support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to
authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up
a secure network by themselves. See how to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section
5.3 on page 48.
6.4 Wireless LAN General Settings

Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the NBG-418N v2 from a computer connected to the wireless LAN
and you change the NBG-418N v2’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your
wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG-418N v2’s new settings.
Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.
66
Figure 43 Network > Wireless LAN > General (Router or Access Point Mode)
Figure 44 Network > Wireless LAN > General (Universal Repeater Mode)
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 19 Network > Wireless LAN > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION
WLAN STA This section is available only when the NBG-418N v2 is in universal repeater mode. This shows the
Information wireless and security settings of the selected AP wireless network.
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the wireless device to which you are connecting.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the wireless device to which you are connecting.
Operating This displays the channel used by the wireless device to which you are connecting.
Channel
WLAN AP Use this section to configure the wireless settings between the NBG-418N v2and its wireless clients.
Information /
Wireless Setup
Enable Wireless Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.
LAN
802.11 Mode Click the drop-down list to choose the 802.11 mode you want to operate.
67
Table 19 Network > Wireless LAN > General (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name(SSID) (Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated.
Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a
descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Enable SSID Select the Enable SSID Broadcast check box to enable the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so
Broadcast a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Channel Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region.
Selection
Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency
band and the country you are in.
Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This option is only
available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled.
Operating This displays the channel the NBG-418N v2 is currently using.
Channel
Channel Width Select whether the NBG-418N v2 uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz, 40MHz or Auto 20/
40MHz. A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz
channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps. Because not all
devices support 40MHz channels, select Auto 20/40MHz to allow the NBG-418N v2 to adjust the
channel bandwidth automatically.
Security Use this section to configure the wireless security between the NBG-418N v2 and its wireless
clients.
Security Mode Select WEP, WPA-PSK(TKIP), WPA-PSK(AES), WPA2-PSK(TKIP), WPA2-PSK(AES) or WPA-PSK/WPA2-
PSK AES to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to
this network must have same wireless security settings as this device. After you select to use a
security, additional options appears in this screen. See 6.4.2 and 6.4.3 sections. Or you can select
None to allow any client to associate this network without authentication.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen.
6.4.1 No Security
Select None to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data
encryption.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-418N v2, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
68
Table 20 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose None from the drop-down list box.
6.4.2 WEP Encryption

WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to
keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network.
Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.
Your NBG-418N v2 allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be
enabled at any one time.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General
screen. Select WEP from the Security Mode list.
Figure 46 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WEP
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 21 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WEP

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose WEP from the drop-down list box.
WEP Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption.
Authentication Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box.
Method
This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the
wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto unless you want to force a key verification before
communication between the wireless client and the NBG-418N v2 occurs. Select Shared Key
to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication.
ASCII Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key.
Hex Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key.
69
Table 21 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WEP (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-418N v2 and the wireless stations must
use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9",
"A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9",
"A-F").
You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The
default key is key 1.
6.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over
WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the NBG-418N v2 and the connecting client share a common
password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as
WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of the WPA
encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it
could be.
Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the
Security Mode list.
Figure 47 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Table 22 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Select WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK AES to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to
communicate with the NBG-418N v2 even when the NBG-418N v2 is using WPA2-PSK.
Pre-Shared Key WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for authentication.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and
symbols).
Type a pre-shared key less than 64 case-sensitive HEX characters ("0-9", "A-F").
70
6.5 MAC Filter

The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG-418N v2 to give exclusive access to up to 16
devices (Allow) or exclude up to 16 devices from accessing the NBG-418N v2 (Deny). Every Ethernet
device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory
and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know
the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen.
To change your NBG-418N v2’s MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen
appears as shown.
Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click Active check box to enable MAC address filtering.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to
(White List) the NBG-418N v2 in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format,
that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Select Click the Select radio button to select a MAC filter entry.
Delete Click the Delete button to delete the selected MAC filter entry.
Delete All Click the Delete All button to remove all MAC filter entries.
MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG-
418N v2 in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six
hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Add Click Add to add a new MAC address to the MAC Filtering rule.
6.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Settings

Use this screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
71
Figure 49 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Advanced Setup
Tx Power This field controls the transmission power of the NBG-418N v2. If there is a high density of APs in
an area, decrease the output power of the NBG-418N v2 to reduce interference with other
APs.
Enable Intra-BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between
Traffic a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless
client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-
BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot
communicate with each other.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-418N v2.
6.7 WPS
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. To set up a WPS connection between two devices, both
devices must support WPS.
Note: The NBG-418N v2 applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile. If you want to use the
WPS feature, make sure you have set the security mode of SSID1 to WPA2-PSK or No
Security.
Note: If WPS is enabled, UPnP will automatically be turned on.
Note: WPS is not available when wireless LAN is disabled.
Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS
status. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS tab.
72
Figure 50 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS

LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPS Setup
Enable WPS Click the Enable WPS check box to enable the WPS feature. Click again to disable it.
PIN Number This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate to generate a new PIN
number.
WPS Status
Status This displays Configured when the NBG-418N v2 has connected to a wireless network using
WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been
changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless security
changes on the NBG-418N v2 or you click Release_Configuration to remove the configured
wireless and wireless security settings.
Release This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured.
Configuration
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the NBG-418N v2.
Refresh Click Refresh to get this screen information afresh.
6.8 WPS Station

Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click Network >
Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab.
Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the
wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to
press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2
minutes.
73
Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Push Button Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure
wireless station’s wireless settings. See Section 5.3.1 on page 49.
Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security information
synchronization.
Or input station’s Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless station’s
PIN number wireless settings. See Section 5.3.2 on page 50.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility. Then click Start to
associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization.
6.9 Scheduling
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled
by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at certain times. To
open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling tab.
Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
74
Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Wireless Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling.
LAN Scheduling
Action Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field works in
conjunction with the Day and Except for the following times fields.
Day Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select Everyday
you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the Except for the
following times field.
Except for the Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and select an
following times end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen
On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in
these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the wireless LAN will turn on
between the two times you enter in these fields.
Note: Entering the same begin time and end time will mean the whole day.
6.10 MBSSID
Use this screen to enable and set multiple SSIDs (MBSSID) on the NBG-418N v2. You can then assign
varying security types to different SSIDs. Wireless clients can use different SSIDs to associate with the NBG-
418N v2. Click Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID to open the following screen.
Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID
75
Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Network Profiles
Select Click the Select radio button to select the Multiple Basic Service Set Identifier (MBSSID) you
wish to edit.
Scheme This field displays the index number of the SSID.
SSID This field displays the SSID name of the Wireless client.
Security This field displays the Security mode of the wireless client. If there’s no security, it will display
None.
Status This field displays whether the Enable Guest Network check box of the SSID is enabled.
SSID Broadcast This field displays whether the Enable SSID Broadcast check box of the SSID is enabled.
Wireless Settings--Profile 1
Enable Guest Click the Enable Guest Network check box to enable this SSID.
Network
Enable SSID Click the Enable SSID Broadcast check box to activate the SSID broadcast to different wireless
Broadcast clients.
Allow Guest to Click the Allow Guest to access my Local Network check box to allow the client to access the
access My Local local network resources behind the NBG-418N v2.
Network
Enable Wireless Click the Enable Wireless Isolation check box to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from
Isolation communicating with each other through the NBG-418N v2.
Name (SSID) This field displays the SSID name you selected using the select radio button.
Security Options--Profile1
Security Mode Select WEP or WPA-PSK(TKIP), WPA2-PSK(AES) or WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK AES to add security on
this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have
same wireless security settings as the Device. When you select to use a security, additional
options appears in this screen.
Or you can select None to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See Section 6.4 on page 66 for more details about this field.
6.11 AP Select
Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 in universal repeater mode)
to connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP.
To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > AP Select tab.
76
Figure 54 Network > Wireless LAN > AP Select
Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > AP Select

LABEL DESCRIPTION
AP Select
First Click First button to go to the first page of the AP select table.
Previous Click Previous button to go to the Previous page in the AP select table.
Next Click Next button to go to the next page in the AP select table.
Last Click Last button to go to the last page of the AP select table.
Select Use the radio button to select the wireless device to which you want to connect.
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the wireless device. The SSID is a unique name that
identifies a wireless network. All devices in a wireless network must use the same SSID.
MAC This displays the MAC address of the wireless device.
Channel This displays the channel number used by this wireless device.
Mode This displays which IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless networking standards the wireless device
supports.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the wireless device. OPEN means no security is
configured and you can connect to it without a password.
Strength This displays the strength of the wireless signal. The signal strength mainly depends on the
antenna output power and the distance between your NBG-418N v2 and this device.
Refresh Click this button to search for available wireless devices within transmission range and update
this table.
Connect Click this button to associate to the selected wireless device.
6.12 WLAN Information

Use this screen to view the SSID and security of the selected AP wireless network when the NBG-418N v2
is in client bridge mode. To open this screen, click Network > AP Select > WLAN Info tab.
77
Figure 55 Network > AP Select > WLAN Information
Table 30 Network > AP Select > WLAN Information

LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the AP to which the NBG-418N v2 is connecting.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the AP to which the NBG-418N v2 is
connecting.
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CHAPTER 7
WAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the NBG-418N v2’s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG-418N v2
for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It
connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a
computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 56 LAN and WAN
See the chapter about the connection wizard for more information on the fields in the WAN screens.
7.2 What You Need To Know

The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well as
enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG-418N v2.
7.2.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up
a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP
(Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over
Ethernet) or PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and password
(and service name) for user authentication.
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Chapter 7 WAN
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG-418N v2, which makes it accessible from an outside
network. It is used by the NBG-418N v2 to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be
static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the NBG-418N v2 tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS
server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation
method).
DNS Server Address Assignment

Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa,
for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important
because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The NBG-418N v2 can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up.
If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2 If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
WAN MAC Address

The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the
factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default to
select the factory assigned default MAC address.
Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the
computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be
copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the
WAN Port.
7.3 Internet Connection

Use this screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s Internet access settings. Click Network > WAN. The screen
differs according to the connection type you choose.
7.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation

This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Figure 57 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
Table 31 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation

LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access (Ethernet Static)
Connection Type Choose the Ethernet (Static) option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field.
Gateway IP Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
Address
MTU Size Type the MTU or maximum size of each data packet, in bytes, that can move through this
interface. If a larger packet arrives, the NBG-418N v2 divides it into smaller fragments. Allowed
values are 576 to 1500. By default this value is 1500.
First DNS Server Enter the first and second DNS server's IP address in the fields.
Second DNS Server
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 31 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-418N v2’s
MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select this option to use the factory assigned default MAC address.
Clone the Select this option to clone the MAC address of the computer (displaying in the screen) from
computer's MAC which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address
address - MAC will be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a
Address different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Address
ISP Parameters for Internet Access (Ethernet DHCP)
Connection Type Choose the Ethernet (DHCP) option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.
Host Name Type the domain name that is associated with this Ethernet connection.
MTU Size Type the MTU or maximum size of each data packet, in bytes, that can move through this
interface. If a larger packet arrives, the NBG-418N v2 divides it into smaller fragments. Allowed
values are 576 to 1500. By default this value is 1500.
DNS Services
Attain DNS Click the Attain DNS Automatically button if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
Automatically information (and the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-
only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns.
Set DNS Manually Select Set DNS Manually if you have the IP address of a DNS server. You will need to enter the
first and secondary DNS server's IP address in the fields to the bottom.
First DNS Server Enter the first and second DNS server's IP address in the box fields.
Second DNS Server

WAN MAC Address
computer's MAC which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address
address - MAC will be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a
Address different ROM file.
Address
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.3.2 PPPoE Encapsulation

The NBG-418N v2 supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC
2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable,
wireless, and so forth) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example Radius).
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Chapter 7 WAN
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function
known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP
services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific
configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-418N v2 (rather than individual computers), the computers
on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-418N v2 does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
Figure 58 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
Table 32 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation

LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection Type Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up.
Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
Service Name Type the PPPoE service name provided by your ISP. PPPoE uses a service name to identify and
reach the PPPoE server.
Idle Timeout This field is available only when you select Connection on Demand.
Specify the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the
PPPoE server.
MTU Size Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-
418N v2 can receive and process.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 32 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Connection Type Select Continuous if you do not want the connection to time out.
Select Connection on Demand if you want to connect for a certain amount of time before the
router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. If you select this you will need to enter
the number of minutes in the Idle Timeout field.
Select Manual if want to make the connection manually.

Connect/ Click Connect button to establish the connection with above settings or Click Disconnect to
Disconnect stop the connection.
DNS Servers
Attain DNS Click Attain DNS Automatically radio button if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
Automatically/Set information (and the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address). Or click Set DNS Manually if you have if
DNS Manually you have the IP address of a DNS server.
Second DNS
Server
WAN MAC Address
computer's MAC which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address will
address - MAC be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different
Address ROM file.
Address
7.3.3 PPTP Encapsulation

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a
remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as
the Internet.
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Chapter 7 WAN
This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation.
Figure 59 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Connection To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP
Type connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.
Password Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Server IP Address Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
DNS Servers
Attain DNS Click Attain DNS Automatically radio button if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
Automatically/ information (and the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address). Or click Set DNS Manually if you have if
Set DNS you have the IP address of a DNS server.
Manually
Second DNS
Server
WAN MAC Address
computer's MAC which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address will
address - MAC be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different
Address ROM file.
Address
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
7.3.4 DS-Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network. The NBG-
418N v2 tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family Transition
Router (AFTR) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also use IPv6 services. The NBG-
418N v2 uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6 Internet.
This screen displays when you select DS-Lite as the Connection Type.
Figure 60 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: DS-Lite
Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: DS-Lite

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Connection Select DS-Lite to tunnel IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address
Type Family Transition Router (AFTR) to connect to the IPv4 Internet when local network computers
use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network.
You can only set the IPv6 connection type to Static IPv6, SLAAC/DHCPv6 or PPP over Ethernet in
the Network > WAN > IPv6 screen.
DS-Lite Mode Select DS-Lite DHCPv6 to obtain the AFTR information automatically using DHCPv6.
Select Manual to configure the AFTR address manually.

AFTR Name or Enter the domain name or IPv6 address of the Address Family Transition Router (AFTR).
Address
7.4 Advanced Settings

Use this screen to set up multicast configurations. Click Network > WAN > Advanced.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Figure 61 Network > WAN > Advanced
Table 35 Network > WAN > Advanced

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Multicast Setup
Multicast Proxy Click the Multicast Proxy radio button to enable this function on the NBG-418N v2. This allows
an IPv6 router to discover the presence of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets
and the IP address of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.
Multicast Snooping Click the Multicast Snooping radio button to activate it. This allows the NBG-418N v2 to
check MLD packets passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps
reduce multicast traffic.
Auto IP Setup
Enable Auto-IP- Click Enable Auto-IP-Change mode button to have the NBG-418N v2 change its LAN IP
Change mode address to 10.0.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 accordingly when the NBG-418N v2 gets a dynamic WAN
IP address in the same subnet as the LAN IP address 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1.
The NAT, DHCP server and firewall functions on the NBG-418N v2 are still available in this
mode.
7.5 IPv6 Settings

Use this screen to configure your IPv6 settings. Click Network > WAN > IPv6.
Figure 62 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Link-local Only)
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 36 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Link-local Only)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection Select Link-local only to allow NBG-418N v2 to communicate with neighboring devices on
Type the same link. This mode enables IPv6-capable devices to communicate with each other in
the LAN side.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by routers when
Address communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.
Figure 63 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Static IPv6)
Table 37 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Static IPv6)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection Select Static IPv6 when your ISP provides you a set IPv6 address that does not change. You
Type must also enter the IPv6 address, Subnet Prefix Length, Default Gateway, Primary and
Secondary DNS Server provided by your ISP.
Wan IPv6 Address Settings
IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address on the WAN side in this field.
Subnet Prefix Length Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 37 Network > WAN > IPv6 (continued)(Static IPv6)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
segment as your NBG-418N v2's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Primary DNS Address Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Address
LAN IPv6 Address Settings
LAN IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address for the LAN port in this field.
Address Auto configuration Settings
Enable Auto Click Enable Auto configuration if you want the devices on your local area network to
configuration obtain network address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
Auto configuration Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 if you want the interface to automatically generate a link-
Type local address via stateless auto configuration.
Select Stateful(DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
IP configuration set to DHCPv6 or obtain an IPv6 address automatically.
Router If you select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6, type in the Router Advertisement Lifetime which is
Advertisement the amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required
Lifetime to renew the lease.
IPv6 Address Range If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
(Start) server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
(End) server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
IPv6 Address If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain
Lifetime valid.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Figure 64 Network > WAN > IPv6 (SLAAC/DHCPv6)
Table 38 Network > WAN > IPv6 (SLAAC/DHCPv6)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection Select SLAAC/DHCPv6 when your NBG-418N v2 requests an IPv6 address from the ISP’s
Type server.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Obtain DNS server Click the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button to get a DNS server address
address from your ISP’s server.
automatically
Use the following Click Use the following DNS address radio button to use a fixed DNS address.
DNS address
Primary and Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Address
Enable DHCP-PD Click Enable DHCP-PD (DHCP-Prefix delegation) to allow NBG-418N v2 assign prefixes to
DHCP clients. The prefix is the part of the address that indicates the bits that have fixed
values or are the bits of the network identifier. Prefix is written in address/prefix-length
notation.
LAN IPv6 Address If you disable DHCP-PD, enter the IPv6 address for the LAN port in this field.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 38 Network > WAN > IPv6 (continued)(SLAAC/DHCPv6)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Select Stateful (DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
Advertisement the amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required
Lifetime to renew the lease.
Lifetime valid.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Figure 65 Network > WAN > IPv6 (PPPoE)
Table 39 Network > WAN > IPv6 (PPPoE)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection Select PPPoE if your ISP requires your to use a PPPoE connection to the IPv6 Internet. This
Type method of connection typically requires you to enter a Username and Password (provided
by your ISP) to gain access to the IPv6 Internet. You need to ensure that any PPPoE client
software on your computer is removed or disabled.
PPPoE
User Name Enter a user name (of up to 31 printable characters) for login using PPPoE connection.
Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Service Name Enter a service name if your ISP requires one.
MTU Size Enter the MTU or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-418N v2 can receive and
process.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 39 Network > WAN > IPv6 (continued)(PPPoE)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Connection Type Select Continuous if you do not want the connection to time out.
Select Connection on Demand if you want to connect for a certain amount of time before
the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. If you select this you will need to
enter the number of minutes in the Idle timeout field.
Select Manual if want to make the connection manually.

Connect/ Click Connect to establish PPPoE connection to the IPv6 Internet or click Disconnect to stop
Disconnect the connection.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Obtain DNS Server Click the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button to get a DNS server address
address from your ISP’s server.
automatically
Use the following Click Use the following DNS address radio button to use a fixed DNS address.
DNS address
Primary/Secondary Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
DNS Address
Enable DHCP-PD Click Enable DHCP-PD (DHCP-Prefix delegation) to allow NBG-418N v2 assign prefixes to
DHCP clients.
LAN IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address for the LAN interface in this field.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by NBG-418N v2 when
Advertisement amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required to
Lifetime renew the lease.
Lifetime valid.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Figure 66 Network > WAN > IPv6 (IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel)
Table 40 Network > WAN > IPv6 (IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel is the encapsulation of IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets so that IPv6 packets
Type can be sent over an IPv4 infrastructure.
IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel Settings
Remote IPv4 Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device on a remote network.
Address
Remote IPv6 Enter the IPv6 IP address of the device on a remote network.
Address
Local IPv4 Address Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device on a local network.
Local IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 IP address of the device on a local network.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Primary and Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Address
Lan IPv6 Address Settings
LAN IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address for the LAN port in this field.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 40 Network > WAN > IPv6 (IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Lifetime valid.
Figure 67 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6 to 4)
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 41 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6 to 4)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection 6 to 4 is an IPv6 address assignment and automatic tunneling technology that used to
Type provide unicast IPv6 connectivity between IPv6 sites and hosts across the IPv4 Internet.
6to4 Settings
6to4 Address
6to4 Relay Type the ISP’s border relay server’s IPv6 address in this field.
IPv6 DNS Settings
DNS Address
LAN IPv6 Address This field is not configurable when you set the IPv6 Connection Type to 6to4, 6rd or Link-local
only.
Lifetime valid.
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Chapter 7 WAN
Figure 68 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6rd)
Table 42 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6rd)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) is used when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an
Type IPv4 network. When the NBG-418N v2 has a WAN IPv4 address, you can enable 6rd to
encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The NBG-418N v2 generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6
traffic to the ISP’s border relay router to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local
network can also use IPv4 services. The NBG-418N v2 uses its configured IPv4 WAN IP to route
IPv4 traffic to the IPv4 Internet.
6rd Settings
6rd Mode Click the 6rd DHCPv4 radio button to have your ISP generate a 6rd DHCPv4 address
automatically. Choose Manual to enter a fixed 6rd DHCPv4 address manually.
6rd IPv6 Prefix Enter an IPv6 prefix and the address prefix length for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s Border
Relay router and connecting to the native IPv6 Internet.
IPv4 Address This shows the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IPv4 address.
Enter the IPv4 subnet mask length (1 to 32) in the Mask Length field.
6rd Relay Enter the ISP’s border relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
IPv6 DNS Settings
DNS Address
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Chapter 7 WAN
Table 42 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6rd)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
LAN IPv6 Address This field is not configurable when you set the IPv6 Connection Type to 6to4, 6rd or Link-local
only.
Lifetime valid.
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CHAPTER 8
LAN
8.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are
attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor
of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and
partition your physical network into logical networks.
Figure 69 LAN Setup
The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.

The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG-418N v2 ports are LAN or WAN ports. There
are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as
shown next.
Figure 70 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
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Chapter 8 LAN
The LAN parameters of the NBG-418N v2 are preset in the factory with the following values:
• IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)

• DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server
address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured.
8.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask

Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share
one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network
administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP
addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. The
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use;
please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the
network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255
are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number
identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for
instance, 192.168.1.1, for your NBG-418N v2, but make sure that no other device on your network is using
that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-418N v2 will compute
the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change
the subnet mask computed by the NBG-418N v2 unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
8.2.2 DNS Server Address Assignment

Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa,
for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important
because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The NBG-418N v2 can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up.
If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the Wizard and/or WAN
> Internet Connection screen.
2 If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields set to 0.0.0.0 in the Wizard
screen and/or set to From ISP in the WAN > Internet Connection screen for the ISP to dynamically assign
the DNS server IP addresses.
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Chapter 8 LAN
8.2.3 IP Pool Setup

The NBG-418N v2 is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to
192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG-418N v2 itself) in the lower
range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP,
web, etc., that you may have.
8.2.4 LAN TCP/IP

The NBG-418N v2 has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems
that support DHCP client capability.
8.3 LAN IP Settings

Use this screen to change your basic LAN settings. Click Network > LAN.
Figure 71 Network > LAN > IP
Table 43 Network > LAN > IP

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Type the IP address of your NBG-418N v2 in dotted decimal notation 192.168.1.1 (factory
default).
IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-418N v2
will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless
you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-418N v2.
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CHAPTER 9
DHCP Server
9.1 Overview
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain
TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG-418N v2’s LAN as a DHCP
server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG-418N v2 provides the TCP/IP configuration for
the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
9.2 What You Can Do

• Use the General screen to enable the DHCP server (Section 9.4 on page 102).
• Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based
on their MAC Addresses (Section 9.5 on page 103).
• Use the Client List screen to view the current DHCP client information (Section 9.6 on page 104).

Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned
at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Find
out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Server > Client
List screen.
Refer to Section 8.2.1 on page 100 for information on IP Address and Subnet Mask.
Refer to the Section 8.2.2 on page 100 section for information on System DNS Servers.
9.4 General Settings

Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Network > DHCP Server. The following screen displays.
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Chapter 9 DHCP Server
Figure 72 Network > DHCP Server > General
Table 44 Network > DHCP Server > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION
DHCP Mode Select DHCP server from the drop-down list to have the NBG-418N v2 act as a DHCP
server. Otherwise, select None. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131
and RFC 2132) allows individual clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP configuration at
startup from a server. Choose DHCP Server option unless your ISP instructs you to do
otherwise. Choose None to disable the NBG-418N v2 acting as a DHCP server. When
configured as a server, the NBG-418N v2 provides TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If
not, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or
else the computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in the following
four fields.
IP Pool Range This field specifies the range of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN.
Max Lease Time This field specifies the Maximum time interval the device can be idle before the IP address
on the LAN link is disconnected. Default is 120 minutes, maximum is 525600 minutes.
DNS Sever1 Type the First DNS server IP address of the DHCP server.
DNS Sever2 Type the Second DNS server IP address of the DHCP server.
9.5 Static DHCP

This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their
MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the NBG-418N
v2 sends to the DHCP clients.
To change your NBG-418N v2’s static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server > Static DHCP. The
following screen displays.
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Figure 73 Network > DHCP Server > Static DHCP
Table 45 Network > DHCP Server > Static DHCP

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static DHCP Table
IP Address Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
MAC Address Type the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
Add Click Add button to add a new static DHCP entry.
Update Click Update button to modify the selected entry’s settings.
Delete Click Delete button to delete the selected static DHCP entry.
Reset Click Reset to clear the IP Address and MAC address box fields.
DHCP Static IP Table
Select Click the Select radio button to select a static DHCP entry.
IP Address This field displays the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
9.6 Client List

The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC
Address) of network clients using the NBG-418N v2’s DHCP servers.
Configure this screen to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host name). Click Network
> DHCP Server > Client List.
Note: You can also view a read-only client list by clicking the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink
in the Status screen.
The following screen displays.
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Figure 74 Network > DHCP Server > Client List
Table 46 Network > DHCP Server > Client List

LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the host computer.
Host Name This field displays the computer Host name.
IP Address This field displays the IP address of the computers on the LAN port.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely
identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Reserve Select this if you want to reserve the IP address for this specific MAC address.
Refresh Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table.
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C H A P T E R 10
Network Address Translation
10.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG-418N v2.
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a
packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to
a different IP address known within another network.
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on
other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the
Internet. The NBG-418N v2 keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply
packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 75 NAT Example
A: 192.168.1.33
FTP, Telnet, SNMP
LAN WAN
Ports 21 to 25
192.168.1.1
B: 192.168.1.34
Port 80
IP address
assigned by ISP
C: 192.168.1.35
For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator
(NAT).
Note: You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from the
WAN to be forwarded through the NBG-418N v2.
10.2 What You Can Do

• Use the General screen to enable NAT and set a default server (Section 10.3 on page 108).
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Chapter 10 Network Address Translation
• Use the Application screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s port forwarding settings (Section 10.4 on
page 109).
• Use the Port Triggering screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s port trigger settings (Section 10.5 on
page 111).
10.2.1 What You Need To Know

The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Inside/Outside
This denotes where a host is located relative to the NBG-418N v2, for example, the computers of your
subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/Local
This denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local
address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global
address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Note: Inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address
of a host used in a packet.
An inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the
local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the
packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.
Table 47 NAT Definitions
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Inside This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
Note: NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the
inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN
side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address)
back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address
(either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In
addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the
additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your NBG-418N v2 filters out all
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incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP
address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is
the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN,
and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally
unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source
address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The NBG-418N v2 keeps track of the original
addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The
following figure illustrates this.
Figure 76 How NAT Works
10.3 NAT General Settings

Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT to open the General screen.
Figure 77 Network > NAT > General
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Table 48 Network > NAT > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION
NAT Setup
Network Address Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used
Translation within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP
address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet).
This field displays whether the NAT is enabled or disabled.

Default Server Setup
Enable Click the Enable check box to activate the default server.
Server IP In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server
Address receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen.
If you do not assign a default server IP address, the NBG-418N v2 discards all packets received
for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management.
10.4 NAT Application

Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80
and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more
than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port
numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does
not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not
defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes
(such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for
servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your
location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded.
To change your NBG-418N v2’s port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT > Application. The screen
appears as shown.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the NBG-
418N v2 discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or
remote management.
Refer to Appendix G on page 237 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
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Figure 78 Network > NAT > Application
Table 49 Network > NAT > Application

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
Application Name Select an option from the drop-down list to choose a pre-defined service. The pre-defined
service port number(s) and protocol will display in the fields below.
User-Defined Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule. Otherwise, select a
Application Name predefined service in the Application Name drop-down list.
Protocol Select the transport layer protocol used for the service. Choices are TCP, and UDP.
Public Port Range Type a port number(s) to be forwarded.
Local Port Range To specify a range of ports, enter a colon (:) between the first port and the last port, such as
10:20.
Server IP Address Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the port(s) specified in the
Port field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Application Rules Summary table.
Reset Click Reset to not save and return your new changes in the Service Name and Port fields to
the previous one.
Application Rules Summary
Application Name This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Protocol This field displays the transport layer protocol supported by this server.
Server IP Address This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Local Port Range This field displays the port number(s).
Public Port Range

State This field displays whether the rule is enabled or disabled.
Action Click the Disable icon to disable a rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete a rule.
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10.5 Port Triggering

Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the
server side. With regular port forwarding, you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming
in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is
that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service
on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the
forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding addresses this problem. Trigger port forwarding allows computers on the LAN to
dynamically take turns using the service. The NBG-418N v2 records the IP address of a LAN computer
that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger"
port). When the NBG-418N v2's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol
("open" port), the NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the
request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use
the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you
want a different LAN computer to use the application.
Note: TCP port 7547 is reserved for system use.
Note: The maximum number of trigger ports for a single rule or all rules is 999.
Note: The maximum number of open ports for a single rule or all rules is 999.
To change your NBG-418N v2’s port trigger settings, click Network > NAT > Port Triggering. The screen
appears as shown.
Note: Only one LAN computer can use a port trigger (range) at a time.
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Figure 79 Network > NAT > Port Triggering
Table 50 Network > NAT > Port Triggering

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Triggering Status
Nat Port Trigger Click Enable radio button to enable NAT Port Trigger or Disable to inactivate it.
Apply Click Apply button to apply the NAT Port Trigger status you choose above.
Add Application Rule
User-defined Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are
Application Name permitted - including spaces.
Start Match Enter the starting port in a range of port numbers that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to
Port record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
End Match Enter the ending port in a range of port numbers that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to
Port record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Trigger Specify the protocol (UDP, TCP or UDP/TCP) that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to record
Protocol the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Start Related Enter the starting port in a range of port numbers that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
Port out a particular service. The NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic with this starting port to the client
computer on the LAN that requested the service.
End Related Enter the ending port in a range of port numbers that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
Port out a particular service. The NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic with this ending port to the client
computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Open Protocol Specify the protocol (UDP, TCP or UDP/TCP) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
particular service.
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Table 50 Network > NAT > Port Triggering (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Application Rules Summary
Service Name This field displays the name of the application rule.
Trigger Protocol This field displays the protocol that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to record the IP
address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Direction This field displays the direction of travel of packets that match this rule.
Match Port This field displays the port(s) that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to record the IP address
of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Open Protocol This field displays the protocol a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service.
Related Port This field displays the port(s) a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service.
The NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer
on the LAN that requested the service.
Action Click Delete to remove the rule.
10.6 Technical Reference

The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG-418N v2 features
described in this chapter.
10.6.1 NAT Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers

A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you
can make accessible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear
as a single machine to the outside world.
Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80
and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more
than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port
numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does
not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not
defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes
(such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for
servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your
location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
10.6.2 NAT Port Forwarding Example

Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to
another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the
example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network
appears as a single host on the Internet.
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Figure 80 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
10.6.3 Trigger Port Forwarding

Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the
server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in
from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that
port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a
different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding
port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns
using the service. The NBG-418N v2 records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the
WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the NBG-
418N v2's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the
NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that
computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the
same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different
LAN computer to use the application.
10.6.4 Trigger Port Forwarding Example

The following is an example of trigger port forwarding.
Figure 81 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example

Jane’s computer
Real Audio Server

Port 7070
1 Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
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2 Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the NBG-418N v2 to record Jane’s computer IP address. The
NBG-418N v2 associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.
3 The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4 The NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5 Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The NBG-
418N v2 times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
10.6.5 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports
1 Trigger events only happen on data that is coming from inside the NBG-418N v2 and going to the
outside.
2 If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another
computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.
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C H A P T E R 11
Dynamic DNS
11.1 DNS Overview

DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
machine before you can access it.
In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static or
dynamic DNS server list. You can configure a DNS static route to forward DNS queries for certain domain
names through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s). The NBG-418N v2 uses a system DNS server
to resolve domain names that do not match any DNS routing entry. After the NBG-418N v2 receives a
DNS reply from a DNS server, it creates a new entry for the resolved IP address in the routing table.
Dynamic DNS
Dynamic DNS allows you to use a dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that
anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web
site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name
of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you
reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP
address.
You first need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a
dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS
service provider will give you a password or key.
Note: The NBG-418N v2 must have a public global IP address and you should have your
registered DDNS account information on hand.
11.1.1 What You Need To Know
DYNDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP
address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example,
www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.
If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
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Chapter 11 Dynamic DNS
11.2 Dynamic DNS

To configure your NBG-418N v2’s DDNS, click Network > DDNS.
Figure 82 Network > DDNS
Table 51 Network > DDNS

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Dynamic Click the Enable Dynamic DNS check box to enable DDNS.
DNS
Service Provider Select the name of your DDNS Service provider from the drop-down list.
Host Name The Host name is the domain name that the DDNS service will map to your dynamic global IP
address. Type the host name fully qualified, for example, ‘yourhost.mydomain.net’. You can
specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
User Name Type the User name that you used when you registered with the DDNS service.
Password Type the Password associated with the DDNS user name.
Dynamic DDNS Table
Select Click the Select check box to select the DDNS entry to modify the settings.
Dynamic DNS This field displays whether the DDNS is Enabled or Disabled.
Service Provider This field displays the Service provider name of the DDNS.
Host Name This field displays the host name that is associated with the DDNS.
User Name This field displays the user name that is associated with the DDNS.
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C H A P T E R 12
Static Route
12.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG-418N v2.
The NBG-418N v2 usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN
to the Internet. To have the NBG-418N v2 send data to devices not reachable through the default
gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the NBG-418N v2’s LAN interface. The
NBG-418N v2 routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the NBG-418N v2’s default gateway (R1).
You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create
another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the
LAN.
Figure 83 Example of Static Routing Topology

A R1
LAN WAN
R3
R2
12.2 IP Static Route

Click Network > Static Route to open the Static Route screen.
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Chapter 12 Static Route
Figure 84 Network > Static Route
Table 52 Network > Static Route

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Select this to enable this rule.
Destination Enter the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network
number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in
the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Gateway Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
segment as your NBG-418N v2's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Metric The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for
transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The smaller the number, the lower the
"cost".
Enter the number of transmission hops (routers) that need to cross from the NBG-418N v2 to the
destination.
Add Click this to create a new rule.
Update Click this to modify the selected rule.
Delete Click this to remove the selected rule.
Delete All Click this to remove all existing rules.
# This is the number of an individual static route.
Select Click this to select a rule to change the rule settings or remove the rule.
State This field indicates whether the rule is activated or not.
Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Subnet Mask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
NextHop This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network
segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Metric This is the number of transmission hops between the NBG-418N v2 and the destination.
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C H A P T E R 13
Firewall
13.1 Overview
Use these screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG-418N v2 and your LAN
from unwanted or malicious traffic.
Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control
access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging)
session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic
initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 85 Default Firewall Action

• Use the General screen to enable or disable the NBG-418N v2’s firewall (Section 13.4 on page 121).
• Use the Services screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features (Section 13.5 on
page 122).
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Chapter 13 Firewall

The NBG-418N v2’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure
gateway for all data passing between the networks.
13.3.1 About the NBG-418N v2 Firewall

The NBG-418N v2 firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of
Service attacks when activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall
check box). The NBG-418N v2's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely
connected to the Internet. The NBG-418N v2 can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification
of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network.
The NBG-418N v2 is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet.
This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.
The NBG-418N v2 has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically
separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband
(cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.
The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the
outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World
Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to
use a specific service.
13.3.2 VPN Pass Through Features

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a way to securely connect two networks over the Internet. For
example a home network and one in a business office. This requires special equipment on both ends of
the connection.
The NBG-418N v2 is not one of the endpoints but it does allow traffic from those endpoints to pass
through. The NBG-418N v2 allows the following types of VPN traffic to pass through:
• IP security (IPSec)
• Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
13.4 Firewall General Settings

Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG-418N v2’s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click Security >
Firewall to open the General screen.
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Chapter 13 Firewall
Figure 86 Security > Firewall > General
Table 53 Security > Firewall > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall Select this option to activate the firewall. The NBG-418N v2 performs access control and
protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
Enable DoS Select this option to protect against DoS attacks. The NBG-418N v2 will drop sessions that do
not become fully established (half-open sessions) and surpass maximum thresholds.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
13.5 Services
Use the Services screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features.
Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next.
Figure 87 Security > Firewall > Services
Table 54 Security > Firewall > Services

LABEL DESCRIPTION
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a message control and error-reporting protocol
between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP)
datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to
the application user.
Respond to Ping The NBG-418N v2 will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected.
on WAN Select Enable to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests.
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Chapter 13 Firewall
Table 54 Security > Firewall > Services (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
VPN Passthrough Select the checkbox to enable the advanced pass through features:
• PPTP Passthrough: Select this option to allow the NBG-418N v2 to pass through VPN traffic
using PPTP.
• L2TP Passthrough: Select this option to enable computers on your LAN to make L2TP VPN
connections to servers on the Internet.
• IPSEC Passthrough: Select this option to allow the NBG-418N v2 to pass through VPN traffic
using the IPsec protocol.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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C H A P T E R 14
Content Filtering
14.1 Overview
Content filter allows you to block specific URLs.
The NBG-418N v2 checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when
performing keyword blocking.
The URL’s domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For
example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the domain name is
www.zyxel.com.tw.
The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL
www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php.
Since the NBG-418N v2 checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not
find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php,
the NBG-418N v2 would find “tw” in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also find “news” in
the file path (news/pressroom.php) but it would not find “tw/news”.

Use the Filter screen to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites (Section 14.3
on page 124).
14.3 Filter Settings

Use the Filter screen to enable keyword blocking and add keywords for blocking.
Click Security > Content Filter. The screen appears as shown next.
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Chapter 14 Content Filtering
Figure 88 Security > Content Filter > Filter
Table 55 Security > Content Filter > Filter

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable URL The NBG-418N v2 can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain
Keyword Blocking name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this
keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, for example, URL http://
www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked.
Select Enable to turn on this feature. Otherwise, select Disable.

Keyword Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are
not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address.
Add Keyword Click this after you have typed a keyword to create a new entry in the table below.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you
that the content filter is blocking this request.
Delete Selected Click this to remove the selected entry.
Keyword
Select Click this to select an entry and click Delete Selected Keyword to remove it.
Filtered Keyword This displays the keyword already added.
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C H A P T E R 15
Remote Management
15.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screen.
Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you
still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. See the firewall chapters for details
on configuring firewall rules.
15.1.1 Remote Management Limitations

Remote management over WAN will not work when:
1 You have disabled that service in the remote management screen.
2 The IP address in the Secured Client WAN IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does
not match, the NBG-418N v2 will disconnect the session immediately.
3 There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may
only have one remote management session running at one time.
4 There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
15.1.2 Remote Management and NAT

When NAT is enabled:
• Use the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the NBG-418N v2’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
15.1.3 System Timeout

There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The NBG-
418N v2 automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout
period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change
the timeout period in the System screen.
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Chapter 15 Remote Management
15.2 WWW Settings

To change your NBG-418N v2’s World Wide Web settings, click Management > Remote MGMT to display
the WWW screen.
Figure 89 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
Table 56 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable HTTP from the Click the check box to configure your NBG-418N v2 via HTTP using a web browser
WAN side through the WAN interface.
Server Port You may change the Server port number for a service if needed, however you must
use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Secured Client WAN IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the NBG-
Address 418N v2 using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG-418N v2 using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to
access the NBG-418N v2 using this service.
Note: This only applies on WAN IP.

Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
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Chapter 16 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
C H A P T E R 16
Universal Plug-and-Play
(UPnP)
16.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the Web Configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple
peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network,
obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a
device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
16.2 What You Need to Know

How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows 7). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT
traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping

• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
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Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be
obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security
reasons, the NBG-418N v2 allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
16.3 Configuring UPnP

Use this screen to enable UPnP. Click the Management > UPnP to open the following screen.
Figure 90 Management > UPnP > General
Table 57 Management > UPnP > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Name This field displays the description of the NBG-418N v2 router.
Enable the Universal Plug and Select the Enable the UPnP Features check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that
Play (UPnP) Feature anyone could use a UPnP application to open the Web Configurator's login screen
without entering the NBG-418N v2's IP address (although you must still enter the
password to access the Web Configurator).
Apply Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG-418N v2.
16.4 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example

This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows 7. UPnP server is installed in Windows 7.
You will need to activate UPnP on the NBG-418N v2.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG-418N v2. Turn on your computer and
the NBG-418N v2.
1 Click the Start icon, Control Panel and then the Network and Sharing Center.
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2 Click Change Advanced Sharing Settings.
3 Under Network Discover section, select Turn on network discovery and click Save Changes. Network
discovery allows your computer to find other computers and devices on the network and other
computers on the network to find your computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers.
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16.4.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device

Before you follow these steps, make sure you already have UPnP activated on the NBG-418N v2 and in
your computer.
Make sure your computer is connected to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2.
1 Open Windows Explorer and click Network.
2 Right-click the NBG-418N v2 icon and select Properties.

Figure 91 Network Connections
131
3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see port mappings.
Figure 92 Internet Connection Properties
4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
Figure 93 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
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Figure 94 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
5 Click OK. Check the network icon on the system tray to see your Internet connection status.
Figure 95 System Tray Icon
6 To see more details about your current Internet connection status, right click the network icon in the
system tray and click Open Network and Sharing Center. Click Local Area Network.
Figure 96 Internet Connection Status
16.5 Turn on UPnP in Windows 10 Example

This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows 10. UPnP server is installed in Windows 10.
Activate UPnP on the NBG-418N v2 by clicking Management > UPnP.
Make sure the computer is connected to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2. Turn on your computer and
the NBG-418N v2.
133
1 Click the start icon, Settings and then Network & Internet.
2 Click Network and Sharing Center.
3 Click Change advanced sharing settings.
134
4 Under Domain, select Turn on network discovery and click Save Changes. Network discovery allows your
computer to find other computers and devices on the network and other computers on the network to
find your computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers.
16.5.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device

Before you follow these steps, make sure you already have UPnP activated on the NBG-418N v2 and in
your computer.
135
Make sure your computer is connected to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2.
1 Open File Explorer and click Network.
2 Right-click the NBG-418N v2 icon and select Properties.

3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see port mappings.
Figure 98 Internet Connection Properties
4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
136
Figure 99 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 100 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
5 Click OK. Check the network icon on the system tray to see your Internet connection status.
Figure 101 System Tray Icon
6 To see more details about your current Internet connection status, right click the network icon in the
system tray and click Open Network & Internet settings. Click Network and Sharing Center and click the
Connections.
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Figure 102 Internet Connection Status
16.6 Web Configurator Easy Access in Windows 7

With UPnP, you can access the Web-based Configurator on the NBG-418N v2 without needing to find
out the IP address of the NBG-418N v2 first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the
NBG-418N v2.
Follow the steps below to access the Web Configurator.
1 Open Windows Explorer.
2 Click Network.
138
3 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Network Infrastructure.
4 Right-click the icon for your NBG-418N v2 and select View device webpage. The Web Configurator login
screen displays.
Figure 104 Network Connections: My Network Places
5 Right-click the icon for your NBG-418N v2 and select Properties. Click the Network Device tab. A window
displays with information about the NBG-418N v2.
139
Figure 105 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
16.7 Web Configurator Easy Access in Windows 10

Follow the steps below to access the Web Configurator.
1 Open File Explorer.
2 Click Network.
140
3 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Network Infrastructure.
4 Right-click the icon for your NBG-418N v2 and select View device webpage. The Web Configurator login
screen displays.
Figure 107 Network Connections: Network Infrastructure
5 Right-click the icon for your NBG-418N v2 and select Properties. Click the Network Device tab. A window
displays information about the NBG-418N v2.
141
Figure 108 Network Connections: Network Infrastructure: Properties: Example
142
Chapter 17 Bandwidth MGMT
C H A P T E R 17
Bandwidth MGMT
17.1 Overview
Bandwidth management provides a convenient way to manage the use of various services on the
network. It manages general protocols (for example, HTTP and FTP) and applies traffic prioritization to
enhance the performance of delay-sensitive applications like voice and video.

• Use the Bandwidth MGMT screen to enable this feature in the NBG-418N v2.
• Use the Advance screen to configure the QoS (Quality of Service) rule on the NBG-418N v2.

The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN)
must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth
Management Advanced screen.
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN interface (WAN to LAN, WAN to WLAN) must
be less than or equal to the Downstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management
Advanced screen.
17.4 Bandwidth MGMT

Use this screen to enable the bandwidth management feature on the NBG-418N v2. Click Management
> Bandwidth MGMT. The following screen displays.
Figure 109 Management > Bandwidth MGMT
143
Table 58 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Bandwidth MGMT

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Management
Enable Bandwidth Click the Enable Bandwidth Management check box to activate the bandwidth
Management management feature in the NBG-418N v2.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes in t his screen.
17.5 Advanced Settings

Use this screen to set up the QoS rules for the NBG-418N v2. Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT >
Advanced. The following screen displays.
Figure 110 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced
Table 59 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced

LABEL DESCRIPTION
QoS Setup
Total Bandwidth (0, This field shows the maximum number of data in kbps the NBG-418N v2 is allowed to send out
Unlimited) and allowed to come in through a source interface.
Up Stream Type the Up Stream or maximum outgoing transmission data rate (kbps) that is allowed to go
through the source interface on the NBG-418N v2.
Down Stream Type the Down Stream or maximum incoming transmission data rate (kbps) that is allowed to
go through the source interface on the NBG-418N v2.
QoS Rules
# This field shows the index number of the QoS rule.
Source IP Address This field shows the source IP address of the data traffic.
Max Bandwidth (kbps)
Up Ceiling This field shows the maximum outgoing transmission data rate (kbps) that is allowed to go
144
Table 59 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Down Ceiling This field shows the maximum outgoing transmission data rate (kbps) that is allowed to go
Delete Click the Delete check box to select the QoS rule you want to delete.
Add Click Add button to add the QoS rule.
Delete Click Delete to remove the QoS rule.
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C H A P T E R 18
System
18.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the System screens.
See the chapter about wizard setup for more information on the next few screens.

• Use the General screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the network and set the
password (Section 18.3 on page 146).
• Use the Time Setting screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date (Section 18.4 on page 147).
18.3 System General Settings

Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the network and set the password. Click
Maintenance > System. The following screen displays.
Figure 111 Maintenance > System > General
146
Chapter 18 System
Table 60 Maintenance > System > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Setup
System Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-418N v2 in an Ethernet network. It is
recommended you enter your computer’s “Computer name” in this field (see the chapter
about wizard setup for how to find your computer’s name).
This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but
dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain Name Enter the Domain name (if you know it) here. This name is propagated to DHCP clients
connected to interfaces with the DHCP server enabled.
Administrator Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out.
Inactivity Timer The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very
long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session
never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).
Password Setup Change your NBG-418N v2’s password (recommended) using the fields as shown.
Old Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field.
New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password,
the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.
Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field.
18.4 Time Settings

To change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen
appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG-418N v2’s time based on your local time zone.
Figure 112 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
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Chapter 18 System
Table 61 Maintenance > System > Time Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current Time This field displays the time of your NBG-418N v2.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-418N v2 synchronizes the time with the time
server.
Current Date This field displays the date of your NBG-418N v2.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-418N v2 synchronizes the date with the time
server.
Time and Date Setup
Manual Select the Manual radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a
new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and
date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect
it.
New Time This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured
(hh:mm:ss) manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click
Apply.
New Date This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured
(yyyy/mm/dd) manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click
Apply.
Copy Your Click the Copy Your Computer’s Time Settings button to copy your computer’s time settings
Computer’s Time into the NBG-418N v2’s time and date setup.
Settings
Get from Time Server Select the Get from time server radio button to have the NBG-418N v2 get the time and
date from the time server you specified below.
Auto Select Auto to have the NBG-418N v2 automatically search for an available time server and
synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply.
User Defined Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended
Time Server ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if
Address
you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone Choose the Time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time
zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks
Offset ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.
Select the number of offset hours you wish to adjust for daylight savings from the drop-down
list.
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Chapter 19 Logs
C H A P T E R 19
Logs
19.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the NBG-418N v2’s
logs.
The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG-418N v2’s logs in one location.
19.2 What You Need to Know

The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
Alerts and Logs

An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access
control) and attempted access to blocked web sites. Some categories such as System Errors consist of
both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in
red and logs display in black.
Syslog Overview
The syslog protocol allows devices to send event notification messages across an IP network to syslog
servers that collect the event messages. A syslog-enabled device can generate a syslog message and
send it to a syslog server.
Syslog is defined in RFC 3164. The RFC defines the packet format, content and system log related
information of syslog messages. Each syslog message has a facility and severity level. The syslog facility
identifies a file in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for details. The
following table describes the syslog severity levels.
Table 62 Syslog Severity Levels

CODE SEVERITY
0 Emergency: The system is unusable.
1 Alert: Action must be taken immediately.
2 Critical: The system condition is critical.
3 Error: There is an error condition on the system.
4 Warning: There is a warning condition on the system.
5 Notice: There is a normal but significant condition on the system.
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Table 62 Syslog Severity Levels
CODE SEVERITY
6 Informational: The syslog contains an informational message.
7 Debug: The message is intended for debug-level purposes.
Alerts are emailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be emailed as soon as the log is full (see Log
Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many
emails being sent.
19.3 View Log

Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the NBG-418N v2. Options include logs about
system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features
(such as ActiveX controls, Java and cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec.
Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills.
Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order.
Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen.
Figure 113 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
Table 63 Maintenance > Logs > View Log

LABEL DESCRIPTION
First Click First button to see the first page of the log.
Previous Click Previous button to go back one page from your current log page.
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Chapter 19 Logs
Table 63 Maintenance > Logs > View Log (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Next Click Next button to go to the following page from your current log page.
Last Click Last button to go to the last page of the log.
Clear Logs Click Clear Logs to delete all the logs.
Time This field displays the time the log was recorded.
Index This is the index number of the log.
Type This field displays the type of the log.
Log information This field states the reason for the log.
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C H A P T E R 20
Tools
20.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and
restart the NBG-418N v2.

• Use the Firmware screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2 (Section 20.3 on page 152).
• Use the Configuration screen to view information related to factory defaults, backup configuration,
and restoring configuration (Section 20.4 on page 154).
• Use the Restart screen to have the NBG-418N v2 reboot (Section 20.5 on page 155).
20.3 Firmware Upload

Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a “*.bin”
extension, for example, “NBG-418N v2.bin”. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.
Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2.
Figure 114 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
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Chapter 20 Tools
Table 64 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Choose File Click Choose File button to find the.bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Automatically Click the Automatically reset default after firmware upgraded check box to have the NBG-418N
reset default v2 automatically reset itself after the new firmware is uploaded.
after firmware
upgraded
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Check for Click Check for Latest Firmware Now button to have the NBG-418N v2 search for the latest
Latest Firmware firmware available online at Zyxel’s website.
Now
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-418N v2 while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait for several minutes before logging into the
NBG-418N v2 again.
Figure 115 Upload Warning
The NBG-418N v2 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 116 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the
Firmware screen.
Figure 117 Upload Error Message
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Chapter 20 Tools
20.4 Configuration
Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.
Figure 118 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration
20.4.1 Backup Configuration

Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG-418N v2’s current configuration to a file on
your computer. Once your NBG-418N v2 is configured and functioning properly, it is highly
recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The
backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the NBG-418N v2’s current configuration to your computer.
20.4.2 Restore Configuration

Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your
computer to your NBG-418N v2.
Table 65 Maintenance Restore Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Choose File Click Choose File button to find the backup file of previous configuration you saved on your
computer using the Backup button.
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-418N v2 while configuration file upload is in progress.
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before
logging into the NBG-418N v2 again.
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Chapter 20 Tools
Figure 119 Configuration Restore Successful
The NBG-418N v2 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 120 Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer
to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG-418N v2 IP address (192.168.1.1 in router mode). See
Appendix D on page 190 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the
Configuration screen.
Figure 121 Configuration Restore Error
20.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults

Pressing the Reset to default button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and
returns the NBG-418N v2 to its factory defaults.
You can also press the WPS/RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG-
418N v2. Refer to Section 1.4.1 on page 15 for more information on the WPS/RESET button.
20.5 Restart
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG-418N v2 without turning the power off.
Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG-418N v2 reboot. This does not affect
the NBG-418N v2's configuration.
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Chapter 20 Tools
Figure 122 Maintenance > Tools > Restart
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C H A P T E R 21
Sys OP Mode
21.1 Overview
The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure select the device operation
mode: Router, Access Point, or Universal Repeater.
See Chapter 4 on page 30 for more information on which mode to choose.
21.2 General Settings

Use this screen to select how you connect to the Internet.
Figure 123 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
The following table describes the labels in the General screen.
Table 66 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Operation Mode
Router Use Router mode if you want to use routing functions such as LAN DHCP, NAT, firewall and so
on, on the NBG-418N v2 (N). The NBG-418N v2 has separate LAN and WAN network IP
addresses.
Access Point Use Access Point mode if you already have a Router (R) in your network and you want to
bridge all wired and wireless network connections.
Universal Repeater Use Universal Repeater mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in your
network and you want the NBG-418N v2 to wirelessly relay communications from its wireless
clients to it.
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Chapter 21 Sys OP Mode
Table 66 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Client Bridge Use Client Bridge mode if your device needs a wireless client to connect to an existing
access point.
Apply Click Apply to save your settings.
Reset Click Reset to return to the previous screen settings.
If you select Router mode, the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 124 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router
• In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and WAN Ethernet ports have
different IP addresses.
• The DHCP server on your device is enabled and allocates IP addresses to other devices on your local
network.
• The LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is set to 192.168.1.1.
• You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator
for more information on appropriate settings.
If you select a non-router mode (Access Point, Universal Repeater or Client Bridge) the following pop-up
message window appears.
Figure 125 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Non-Router
• In non-router mode, all Ethernet ports have the same IP address.

• All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is no
WAN port.
• The DHCP server on your device is disabled. In this mode there must be a device with a DHCP server
on your network such as a router which can allocate IP addresses or else you need to manually assign
IP addresses to devices on your network.
• The LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is set to 192.168.1.2.
158
Chapter 22 Language
C H A P T E R 22
Language
22.1 Language Settings

Use this screen to change the language for the Web Configurator display.
Click the language you prefer. The Web Configurator language changes after a while without restarting
the NBG-418N v2.
Figure 126 Language
Figure 127 Language Change Example
159
C H A P T E R 23
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are
divided into the following categories.
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs

• NBG-418N v2 Access and Login
• Internet Access
• Resetting the NBG-418N v2 to Its Factory Defaults
• Wireless Problems
• UPnP
23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG-418N v2 does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1 Make sure the NBG-418N v2 is turned on.
2 Make sure you are using the power adapter or cord included with the NBG-418N v2.
3 Make sure the power adapter or cord is connected to the NBG-418N v2 and plugged in to an
appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter or cord to the NBG-418N v2.
5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.3 on page 14.
2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter to the NBG-418N v2.
160
Chapter 23 Troubleshooting
5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
23.2 NBG-418N v2 Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-418N v2.
1 The default web address in Router Mode is http://myrouter.
2 The default IP address in router mode is 192.168.1.1 and in non-router mode is 192.168.1.2.
3 If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in
Router Mode by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most
Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default
Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG-418N v2 (it depends on the network), so enter this IP
address in your Internet browser.
4 If this does not work, reset your NBG-418N v2 to change all settings back to their default. This means your
current settings are lost. See Section 23.4 on page 163 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting
your NBG-418N v2.
I forgot the username and password.
1 The default username is admin and default password is 1234.
2 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 163.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.
1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address.

• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1 (router mode).
• If you changed the IP address, use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I don’t
know the IP address of my NBG-418N v2.
2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java
enabled. See Appendix C on page 182.
161
4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG-418N v2. (If you know that there are routers
between your computer and the NBG-418N v2, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same
subnet as the NBG-418N v2.
5 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG-418N v2 with the default IP address.
6 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Make sure you have logged out of any earlier management sessions using the same user account
even if they were through a different interface or using a different browser.
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is
connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG-418N v2.
1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default username is admin and default
password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
2 This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after 5
minutes.
3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter or cord to the NBG-418N v2.
4 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 163.
23.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
Start Guide.
2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-
sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are
the same as the settings in the AP.
4 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
162
5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode setting.
6 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG-418N v2), but
my Internet connection is not available anymore.
Start Guide and Section 1.3 on page 14.
2 Reboot the NBG-418N v2.
3 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.3 on page 14. If the
NBG-418N v2 is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet,
especially peer-to-peer applications.
2 Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG-418N v2 closer to the AP if
possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless
network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
3 Reboot the NBG-418N v2.
4 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
23.4 Resetting the NBG-418N v2 to Its Factory Defaults

If you reset the NBG-418N v2, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG-418N v2 re-loads its
default settings, and the username/password resets to admin/1234. You have to make all of your
changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the WPS/RESET button.
To reset the NBG-418N v2,
1 Make sure the power LED is on.
163
2 Press the WPS/RESET button for longer than 10 second to reboot and restore factory-default
configurations on the NBG-418N v2.
If the NBG-418N v2 restarts automatically, wait for the NBG-418N v2 to finish restarting, and log in to the
Web Configurator. The username is admin and password is 1234.
If the NBG-418N v2 does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG-418N v2’s power.
Then, follow the directions above again.
23.5 Wireless Problems
I cannot access the NBG-418N v2 or ping any computer from the WLAN.
1 Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG-418N v2.
2 Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
3 Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the
same wireless standard as the NBG-418N v2.
4 Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the NBG-
418N v2.
5 Check that both the NBG-418N v2 and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless
security settings.
6 Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG-418N v2.
7 Make sure you allow the NBG-418N v2 to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check
your remote management settings.
• See Chapter 6 Wireless LAN for more information.
I cannot access the Web Configurator after I switched to a non-router mode.
When you change from router mode to a non-router mode, you must manually give your computer an
IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254 as non-router mode has no LAN DHCP
server.
Refer to Appendix D on page 190 for instructions on how to change your computer’s IP address.
What factors may cause intermittent or unstable wireless connection? How can I solve this
problem?
164
The following factors may cause interference:
• Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture, and so on.

• Building Materials: metal doors, aluminum studs.
• Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, cordless phones, and other wireless devices.
To optimize the speed and quality of your wireless connection, you can:
• Move your wireless device closer to the AP if the signal strength is low.
• Reduce wireless interference that may be caused by other wireless networks or surrounding wireless
electronics such as cordless phones.
• Place the AP where there are minimum obstacles (such as walls and ceilings) between the AP and
the wireless client.
• Reduce the number of wireless clients connecting to the same AP simultaneously, or add additional
APs if necessary.
• Try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. If the wireless
client is sending or receiving a lot of information, it may have too many programs open that use the
Internet.
What is a Server Set ID (SSID)?
An SSID is a name that uniquely identifies a wireless network. The AP and all the clients within a wireless
network must use the same SSID.
23.6 UPnP
When using UPnP and the NBG-418N v2 reboots, my computer cannot detect UPnP and refresh
My Network Places > Local Network.
1 Make sure that UPnP is enabled in your computer. For Windows 7, see Section 16.4 on page 129. For
Windows 10, see Section 16.5 on page 133.
2 Make sure that UPnP is enabled in the Network Settings > Home Networking > UPnP screen. See Section
16.3 on page 129 for details.
3 Disconnect the Ethernet cable from the NBG-418N v2’s LAN port or from your computer.
4 Re-connect the Ethernet cable.
The Local Area Connection icon for UPnP disappears in the screen.
165
Restart your computer.
166
APPENDIX A
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If
you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a Zyxel office for the region in which you bought the
device.
See https://www.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml and also

https://www.zyxel.com/about_zyxel/zyxel_worldwide.shtml for the latest information.
Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
Required Information
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)
Taiwan
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com
Asia
China
• Zyxel Communications (Shanghai) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Beijing) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Tianjin) Corp.
• https://www.zyxel.com/cn/zh/
India
• Zyxel Technology India Pvt Ltd
• https://www.zyxel.com/in/en/
Kazakhstan
• Zyxel Kazakhstan
• https://www.zyxel.kz
167
Appendix A Customer Support
Korea
• Zyxel Korea Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.kr
Malaysia
• Zyxel Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.my
Pakistan
• Zyxel Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.pk
Philippines
• Zyxel Philippines
• http://www.zyxel.com.ph
Singapore
• Zyxel Singapore Pte Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.sg
Taiwan
• https://www.zyxel.com/tw/zh/
Thailand
• Zyxel Thailand Co., Ltd
• https://www.zyxel.com/th/th/
Vietnam
• Zyxel Communications Corporation-Vietnam Office
• https://www.zyxel.com/vn/vi
Europe
Belarus
• Zyxel BY
• https://www.zyxel.by
Belgium
• Zyxel Communications B.V.
• https://www.zyxel.com/be/nl/
168
• https://www.zyxel.com/be/fr/
Bulgaria
• Zyxel България
• https://www.zyxel.com/bg/bg/
Czech Republic
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o
• https://www.zyxel.com/cz/cs/
Denmark
• Zyxel Communications A/S
• https://www.zyxel.com/dk/da/
Estonia
• Zyxel Estonia
• https://www.zyxel.com/ee/et/
Finland
• Zyxel Communications
• https://www.zyxel.com/fi/fi/
France
• Zyxel France
• https://www.zyxel.fr
Germany
• Zyxel Deutschland GmbH
• https://www.zyxel.com/de/de/
Hungary
• Zyxel Hungary & SEE
• https://www.zyxel.com/hu/hu/
Italy
• Zyxel Communications Italy
• https://www.zyxel.com/it/it/
Latvia
• Zyxel Latvia
• https://www.zyxel.com/lv/lv/
169
Lithuania
• Zyxel Lithuania
• https://www.zyxel.com/lt/lt/
Netherlands
• Zyxel Benelux
• https://www.zyxel.com/nl/nl/
Norway
• https://www.zyxel.com/no/no/
Poland
• Zyxel Communications Poland
• https://www.zyxel.com/pl/pl/
Romania
• Zyxel Romania
• https://www.zyxel.com/ro/ro
Russia
• Zyxel Russia
• https://www.zyxel.com/ru/ru/
Slovakia
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o. organizacna zlozka
• https://www.zyxel.com/sk/sk/
Spain
• Zyxel Communications ES Ltd
• https://www.zyxel.com/es/es/
Sweden
• https://www.zyxel.com/se/sv/
Switzerland
• Studerus AG
• https://www.zyxel.ch/de
• https://www.zyxel.ch/fr
170
Turkey
• Zyxel Turkey A.S.
• https://www.zyxel.com/tr/tr/
UK
• Zyxel Communications UK Ltd.
• https://www.zyxel.com/uk/en/
Ukraine
• Zyxel Ukraine
• http://www.ua.zyxel.com
South America
Argentina
• https://www.zyxel.com/co/es/
Brazil
• Zyxel Communications Brasil Ltda.
• https://www.zyxel.com/br/pt/
Colombia
Ecuador
South America
Middle East
Israel
• http://il.zyxel.com/
171
Middle East
• https://www.zyxel.com/me/en/
North America
USA
• Zyxel Communications, Inc. - North America Headquarters
• https://www.zyxel.com/us/en/
Oceania
Australia
• https://www.zyxel.com/au/en/
Africa
South Africa
• Nology (Pty) Ltd.
• https://www.zyxel.com/za/en/
172
APPENDIX B
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers,
servers, routers, printers, and so forth) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These
networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet
masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that
houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network
number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own
unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct
network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1).
Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example
11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the
network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 128 Network Number and Host ID
173
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the
subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part
of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address
is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of
an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
Table 67 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example

1ST OCTET: 2ND OCTET: 3RD OCTET: 4TH OCTET
(192) (168) (1) (2)

IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001
Host ID 00000010
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For
example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are
zeroes.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples
show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Table 68 Subnet Masks

BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST OCTET 2ND OCTET 3RD OCTET 4TH OCTET
8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0
16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0
24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on
your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID
bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet
mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network
(192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
174
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 69 Maximum Host Numbers

SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
24
8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 2 –2 16777214
16 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 65534
8
24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 2 –2 254
3
29 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 2 –2 6
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous
number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead
of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits
in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 70 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation

ALTERNATIVE LAST OCTET LAST OCTET
SUBNET MASK NOTATION (BINARY) (DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0
255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192
255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224
255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240
255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248
255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252
Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a
network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the
company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 –
2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
175
Figure 129 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-
networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and
192.168.1.128 /25.
The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A
and B.
Figure 130 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible
hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its
broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A
is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
176
Example: Four Subnets

The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets.
Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four
possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the
subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
Table 71 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address: Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
192.168.1.63
Table 72 Subnet 2
IP Address 192.168.1. 64
Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
192.168.1.127
Table 73 Subnet 3
IP Address 192.168.1. 128
Subnet Address: Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.191
Table 74 Subnet 4
IP Address 192.168.1. 192
Subnet Address: Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.255
177
Example: Eight Subnets

Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).
The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Table 75 Eight Subnets

BROADCAST
SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS ADDRESS
1 0 1 30 31
2 32 33 62 63
3 64 65 94 95
4 96 97 126 127
5 128 129 158 159
6 160 161 190 191
7 192 193 222 223
8 224 225 254 255
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
Table 76 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning

NO. “BORROWED” NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS
HOST BITS SUBNET
1 255.255.255.128 (/25) 2 126
2 255.255.255.192 (/26) 4 62
3 255.255.255.224 (/27) 8 30
4 255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14
5 255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6
6 255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2
7 255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
Table 77 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning

HOST BITS SUBNET
1 255.255.128.0 (/17) 2 32766
2 255.255.192.0 (/18) 4 16382
3 255.255.224.0 (/19) 8 8190
4 255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094
5 255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046
6 255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022
7 255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510
8 255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254
9 255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126
178
Table 77 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)

HOST BITS SUBNET
10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62
11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30
12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14
13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6
14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2
15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1
Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network
administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP
addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is
the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use;
please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network
Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG-418N v2.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG-418N v2 that is easy to
remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP
address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-418N v2 will compute
the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change
the subnet mask computed by the NBG-418N v2 unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the
hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the
following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network.
If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you
with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines
above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for
Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
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IP Address Conflicts
Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on the
same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also be
unreachable through the network.
Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example

More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a
static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to computer B
which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a
different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically.
Figure 131 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example

Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For
example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN and WAN addresses
must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are on the same subnet. The
LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot route between networks.
Figure 132 Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
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Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example

More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and
the router’s LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the Internet.
This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the router’s LAN port.
Figure 133 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
181
APPENDIX C
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and
Java Permissions
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.

• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for other
Internet Explorer versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers

You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows 7) or allow pop-up blocking and create
an exception for your device’s IP address.
Disable Pop-up Blockers
1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 134 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web
pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
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Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Figure 135 Internet Options: Privacy
3 Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions

Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
2 Select Settings… to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.

Figure 136 Internet Options: Privacy
3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix
“http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
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4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.

Figure 137 Pop-up Blocker Settings
5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
6 Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScripts
If pages of the Web Configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are
allowed.
1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 138 Internet Options: Security
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2 Click the Custom Level... button.
3 Scroll down to Scripting.
4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
6 Click OK to close the window.

Figure 139 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
2 Click the Custom Level... button.
3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
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Figure 140 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab.
2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.

Figure 141 Java (Sun)
Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. The steps below
apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well.
You can enable Java, JavaScripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the
screen that appears.
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Figure 142 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options
Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Figure 143 Mozilla Firefox Content Security
Opera
Opera 10 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly.
Allowing Pop-Ups
From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the General tab, go to Choose how you prefer to handle
pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups.
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Figure 144 Opera: Allowing Pop-Ups
Enabling Java
From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the Advanced tab, select Content from the left-side menu.
Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Figure 145 Opera: Enabling Java
To customize JavaScript behavior in the Opera browser, click JavaScript Options.
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Figure 146 Opera: JavaScript Options
Select the items you want Opera’s JavaScript to apply.
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APPENDIX D
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP
Address
Note: Your specific NBG-418N v2 may not support all of the operating systems described in
this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which
operating systems are supported.
This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to
communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows 10/7/Vista/XP/NT/2000, Mac OS X, and
versions of UNIX/LINUX; including the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s
computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.
In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:
• Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 190

• Windows Vista on page 193
• Windows 7 on page 195
• Windows 10 on page 199
• Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 202
• Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 205
• Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 207
• Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 211
Windows XP/NT/2000
The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000
and Windows NT.
1 Click Start > Control Panel.
190
Appendix D Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
2 In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
4 On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
191
5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.
6 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address
dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if
you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also
have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click
Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS.
7 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
8 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
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Verifying Settings
1 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click
Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.
Windows Vista
This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.
2 In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.
3 Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.
4 Click Manage network connections.
193
5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that
it needs your permission to continue.
6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
194
7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if
have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.
Verifying Settings
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click
Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.
Windows 7
This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.
195
2 In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category.
3 Click Change adapter settings.
4 Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
196
197
dynamically.
Select Use the following IP address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if
Verifying Settings
3 The IP settings are displayed as follows.
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Windows 10
This section shows screens from Windows 10 Pro.
1 Click Start > Settings.
2 In the Windows Settings, click Network & Internet.
3 Click Change adapter options. The Network Connections window opens.
4 Double click the Ethernet icon and then select Properties.
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200
dynamically.
Select Use the following IP address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if
8 Click OK to close the Advanced TCP/IP Settings window.
9 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window.
10 Click OK to close the Ethernet Properties window.
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Verifying Settings
1 Click Start > Windows System > Command Prompt.
3 The IP settings are displayed as follows.
Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4

The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.
1 Click Apple > System Preferences.
2 In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.
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3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type
list, and then click Configure.
4 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab.
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5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

• From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, type your IP address.
• In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
• In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.
6 Click Apply Now and close the window.
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Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting
the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab.
Figure 147 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility
Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6

The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6.
1 Click Apple > System Preferences.
2 In System Preferences, click the Network icon.
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3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types.
4 From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.
5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

• From the Configure list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.
• In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
• In the Router field, enter the IP address of your NBG-418N v2.
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6 Click Apply and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting
the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab.
Figure 148 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility
Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)

This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model
Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations
may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The
following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.
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Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
1 Click System > Administration > Network.
2 When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default,
the Unlock button is grayed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless
you first enter your admin password.
3 In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate
button.
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4 In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties.
5 The Properties dialog box opens.
• In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
• In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,
Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields.
6 Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings
screen.
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7 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then
enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
8 Click the Close button to apply the changes.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting
the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your
connection is working properly.
Figure 149 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
210
Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)

This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment
(KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary
depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following
screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:
1 Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).
2 When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.
3 When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card
icon.
211
4 When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection
Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.
5 When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab.
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Figure 150 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup
6 Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.

Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask,
and Hostname fields.
7 Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
8 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then
enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
213
9 Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-
menu, select Show Connection Information.
Figure 151 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager
When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your
connection is working properly.
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Figure 152 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
215
APPENDIX E
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies

This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration

The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers
with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other,
they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers
using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 153 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless
client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A
and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled,
wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
216
Appendix E Wireless LANs
Figure 154 Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point,
with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is
called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide
communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate
neighborhood.
An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless
clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
217
Figure 155 Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels
available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so
you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference.
Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and
degrading performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be
on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if
your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel
between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within
range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range
of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear"
each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are
considered hidden from each other.
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Figure 156 RTS/CTS
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If
these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the
AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data
frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants
to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send
it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify
them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame
for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request
To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost"
of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To
Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request
To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before
they reach RTS/CTS size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively
affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Fragmentation Threshold
A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can
be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.
A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you
should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the
RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be
fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
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Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the
synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more
efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network
support it, otherwise the NBG-418N v2 uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN

IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can
interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on
range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data
rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Table 78 IEEE 802.11g

DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION
1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)
2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Wireless Security Overview

Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients,
access points and the wired network.
Wireless security methods available on the NBG-418N v2 are data encryption, wireless client
authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the NBG-418N v2 identity.
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The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your
NBG-418N v2.
Table 79 Wireless Security Levels

SECURITY SECURITY TYPE
LEVEL
Least Secure Unique SSID (Default)
Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled
MAC Address Filtering
WEP Encryption
IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA2
Most Secure
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NBG-418N v2 and on all
wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support
extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is
supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:
• User based identification that allows for roaming.

• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user
profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server.
• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication
methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting.
The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following
tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
• Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the
network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless
client and the network RADIUS server.
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Types of RADIUS Messages

The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends
a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user accounting:
• Accounting-Request
Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key,
which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key,
password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access.
Types of EAP Authentication

This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP.
Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x
transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact
with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server
perform authentication.
The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that
supports IEEE 802.1x.
For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the
certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to
authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.
EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)

MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a
challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the
password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.
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However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the
plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server
may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5
authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method
does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for
data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)

With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual
authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server,
the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open
before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital
certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-
TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management
overhead.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)

EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side
authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending
username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client
authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP,
MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
PEAP (Protected EAP)

Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use
simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients,
thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2
and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by
Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange

The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless
connection times out, disconnects or re-authentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each
time re-authentication is performed.
If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security
configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic
WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange.
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for
data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a
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simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the
features of authentication types.
Table 80 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types

EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAP
Mutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Certificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional No
Certificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes No
Dynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Credential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong Moderate
Deployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate Moderate
Client Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
WPA and WPA2

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless
security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA.
Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user
authentication.
If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2
for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK
(WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point,
wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted
access to a WLAN.
If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether
you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure
than WPA or WPA2.
Encryption
WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check
(MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger
encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block
chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).
TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES
(Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called
Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named
Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.
WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is
never used twice.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy
and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to
224
encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This
all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets,
altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the
receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is
assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than
WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-
guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric
password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all
wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys (a weakness of WEP).
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless
clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from
six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other
WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication.
These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.
Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with
an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go
with the authentication process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to
perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants

A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client
how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for
Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero
Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example

To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the
RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A"
is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2 The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies
network access accordingly.
225
3 A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and
the client.
4 The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management
system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to
encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.
Figure 157 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
WPA(2)-PSK Application Example

A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist
of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).
2 The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password
matches.
3 The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over
the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged
in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged
between them.
226
Figure 158 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Security Parameters Summary

Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication
method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you
configure these security features.
Table 81 Wireless Security Relational Matrix

AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ ENCRYPTION ENTER MANUAL
KEY MANAGEMENT IEEE 802.1X
METHOD KEY
PROTOCOL
Open None No Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
WPA TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Antenna Overview
An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the
antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by
capturing RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
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Antenna Characteristics
Frequency
An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz or 5GHz is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN.
Radiation Pattern
A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area.
Antenna Gain
Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher
antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.
For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%.
For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately
5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment.
Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power
compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that
sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna
provides.
Types of Antennas for WLAN

There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage
area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a
wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access
points.
• Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its
bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range
from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for
hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.
Positioning Antennas
In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In
point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to
each other to attain the best performance.
For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-
directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application,
place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible.
For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
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APPENDIX F
IPv6
Overview
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in
IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be

written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
Prefix and Prefix Length

Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
Link-local Address
A link-local address uniquely identifies a device on the local network (the LAN). It is similar to a “private IP
address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local address on multiple interfaces on a device. A link-
local unicast address has a predefined prefix of fe80::/10. The link-local unicast address format is as
follows.
Table 82 Link-local Unicast Address Format

1111 1110 10 0 Interface ID
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
Global Address
A global address uniquely identifies a device on the Internet. It is similar to a “public IP address” in IPv4. A
global unicast address starts with a 2 or 3.
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Appendix F IPv6
Unspecified Address
An unspecified address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::) is used as the source address when a device does not have
its own address. It is similar to “0.0.0.0” in IPv4.
Loopback Address
A loopback address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1) allows a host to send packets to itself. It is similar to “127.0.0.1”
in IPv4.
Multicast Address
In IPv6, multicast addresses provide the same functionality as IPv4 broadcast addresses. Broadcasting is
not supported in IPv6. A multicast address allows a host to send packets to all hosts in a multicast group.
Multicast scope allows you to determine the size of the multicast group. A multicast address has a
predefined prefix of ff00::/8. The following table describes some of the predefined multicast addresses.
Table 83 Predefined Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS DESCRIPTION

FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 All hosts on a local node.
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local node.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 All hosts on a local connected link.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local connected link.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local site.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:3 All DHCP severs on a local site.
The following table describes the multicast addresses which are reserved and can not be assigned to a
multicast group.
Table 84 Reserved Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS
FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF03:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF04:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF06:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF07:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF08:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF09:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0A:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0B:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0D:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
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Appendix F IPv6
Table 84 Reserved Multicast Address (continued)
MULTICAST ADDRESS
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0F:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into
eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character
(1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example,
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
Interface ID
In IPv6, an interface ID is a 64-bit identifier. It identifies a physical interface (for example, an Ethernet
port) or a virtual interface (for example, the management IP address for a VLAN). One interface should
have a unique interface ID.
EUI-64
The EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier) defined by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers) is an interface ID format designed to adapt with IPv6. It is derived from the 48-bit (6-byte)
Ethernet MAC address as shown next. EUI-64 inserts the hex digits fffe between the third and fourth bytes
of the MAC address and complements the seventh bit of the first byte of the MAC address. See the
following example.
MAC 00 : 13 : 49 : 12 : 34 : 56
EUI-64 02 : 13 : 49 : FF : FE : 12 : 34 : 56
Identity Association
An Identity Association (IA) is a collection of addresses assigned to a DHCP client, through which the
server and client can manage a set of related IP addresses. Each IA must be associated with exactly
one interface. The DHCP client uses the IA assigned to an interface to obtain configuration from a DHCP
server for that interface. Each IA consists of a unique IAID and associated IP information.
The IA type is the type of address in the IA. Each IA holds one type of address. IA_NA means an identity
association for non-temporary addresses and IA_TA is an identity association for temporary addresses.
An IA_NA option contains the T1 and T2 fields, but an IA_TA option does not. The DHCPv6 server uses T1
and T2 to control the time at which the client contacts with the server to extend the lifetimes on any
addresses in the IA_NA before the lifetimes expire. After T1, the client sends the server (S1) (from which
the addresses in the IA_NA were obtained) a Renew message. If the time T2 is reached and the server
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Appendix F IPv6
does not respond, the client sends a Rebind message to any available server (S2). For an IA_TA, the
client may send a Renew or Rebind message at the client's discretion.
T2
T1
Renew Renew Renew

Rebind
to S1 to S1 to S1
to S2
Renew Renew Renew Rebind
to S1 to S1 to S1 to S2
DHCP Relay Agent

A DHCP relay agent is on the same network as the DHCP clients and helps forward messages between
the DHCP server and clients. When a client cannot use its link-local address and a well-known multicast
address to locate a DHCP server on its network, it then needs a DHCP relay agent to send a message to
a DHCP server that is not attached to the same network.
The DHCP relay agent can add the remote identification (remote-ID) option and the interface-ID option
to the Relay-Forward DHCPv6 messages. The remote-ID option carries a user-defined string, such as the
system name. The interface-ID option provides slot number, port information and the VLAN ID to the
DHCPv6 server. The remote-ID option (if any) is stripped from the Relay-Reply messages before the relay
agent sends the packets to the clients. The DHCP server copies the interface-ID option from the Relay-
Forward message into the Relay-Reply message and sends it to the relay agent. The interface-ID should
not change even after the relay agent restarts.
Prefix Delegation
Prefix delegation enables an IPv6 router to use the IPv6 prefix (network address) received from the ISP (or
a connected uplink router) for its LAN. The NBG-418N v2 uses the received IPv6 prefix (for example,
2001:db2::/48) to generate its LAN IP address. Through sending Router Advertisements (RAs) regularly by
multicast, the NBG-418N v2 passes the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts then can use the
prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
ICMPv6
Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6 or ICMP for IPv6) is defined in RFC 4443. ICMPv6 has
a preceding Next Header value of 58, which is different from the value used to identify ICMP for IPv4.
ICMPv6 is an integral part of IPv6. IPv6 nodes use ICMPv6 to report errors encountered in packet
processing and perform other diagnostic functions, such as "ping".
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

The Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a protocol used to discover other IPv6 devices and track
neighbor’s reachability in a network. An IPv6 device uses the following ICMPv6 messages types:
• Neighbor solicitation: A request from a host to determine a neighbor’s link-layer address (MAC
address) and detect if the neighbor is still reachable. A neighbor being “reachable” means it
responds to a neighbor solicitation message (from the host) with a neighbor advertisement message.
• Neighbor advertisement: A response from a node to announce its link-layer address.
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Appendix F IPv6
• Router solicitation: A request from a host to locate a router that can act as the default router and
forward packets.
• Router advertisement: A response to a router solicitation or a periodical multicast advertisement from
a router to advertise its presence and other parameters.
IPv6 Cache
An IPv6 host is required to have a neighbor cache, destination cache, prefix list and default router list.
The NBG-418N v2 maintains and updates its IPv6 caches constantly using the information from response
messages. In IPv6, the NBG-418N v2 configures a link-local address automatically, and then sends a
neighbor solicitation message to check if the address is unique. If there is an address to be resolved or
verified, the NBG-418N v2 also sends out a neighbor solicitation message. When the NBG-418N v2
receives a neighbor advertisement in response, it stores the neighbor’s link-layer address in the neighbor
cache. When the NBG-418N v2 uses a router solicitation message to query for a router and receives a
router advertisement message, it adds the router’s information to the neighbor cache, prefix list and
destination cache. The NBG-418N v2 creates an entry in the default router list cache if the router can be
used as a default router.
When the NBG-418N v2 needs to send a packet, it first consults the destination cache to determine the
next hop. If there is no matching entry in the destination cache, the NBG-418N v2 uses the prefix list to
determine whether the destination address is on-link and can be reached directly without passing
through a router. If the address is unlink, the address is considered as the next hop. Otherwise, the NBG-
418N v2 determines the next-hop from the default router list or routing table. Once the next hop IP
address is known, the NBG-418N v2 looks into the neighbor cache to get the link-layer address and
sends the packet when the neighbor is reachable. If the NBG-418N v2 cannot find an entry in the
neighbor cache or the state for the neighbor is not reachable, it starts the address resolution process.
This helps reduce the number of IPv6 solicitation and advertisement messages.
Multicast Listener Discovery

The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's Internet
Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather than IGMP
message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3.
MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD listeners who wish to receive
multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.
MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4.
MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join.
MLD Messages
A multicast router or switch periodically sends general queries to MLD hosts to update the multicast
forwarding table. When an MLD host wants to join a multicast group, it sends an MLD Report message
for that address.
An MLD Done message is equivalent to an IGMP Leave message. When an MLD host wants to leave a
multicast group, it can send a Done message to the router or switch. The router or switch then sends a
group-specific query to the port on which the Done message is received to determine if other devices
connected to this port should remain in the group.
233
Appendix F IPv6
Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows XP/2003/Vista

By default, Windows XP and Windows 2003 support IPv6. This example shows you how to use the ipv6
install command on Windows XP/2003 to enable IPv6. This also displays how to use the ipconfig
command to see auto-generated IP addresses.
C:\>ipv6 install
Installing...
Succeeded.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :

IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.46
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80::2d0:59ff:feb8:103c%4
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.254
IPv6 is installed and enabled by default in Windows Vista. Use the ipconfig command to check your
automatic configured IPv6 address as well. You should see at least one IPv6 address available for the
interface on your computer.
Example - Enabling DHCPv6 on Windows XP

Windows XP does not support DHCPv6. If your network uses DHCPv6 for IP address assignment, you have
to additionally install a DHCPv6 client software on your Windows XP. (Note: If you use static IP addresses
or Router Advertisement for IPv6 address assignment in your network, ignore this section.)
This example uses Dibbler as the DHCPv6 client. To enable DHCPv6 client on your computer:
1 Install Dibbler and select the DHCPv6 client option on your computer.
2 After the installation is complete, select Start > All Programs > Dibbler-DHCPv6 > Client Install as service.
3 Select Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services.
4 Double click Dibbler - a DHCPv6 client.
234
Appendix F IPv6
5 Click Start and then OK.
6 Now your computer can obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows 7

Windows 7 supports IPv6 by default. DHCPv6 is also enabled when you enable IPv6 on a Windows 7
computer.
To enable IPv6 in Windows 7:
1 Select Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center > Local Area Connection.
2 Select the Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) checkbox to enable it.
3 Click OK to save the change.
235
Appendix F IPv6
4 Click Close to exit the Local Area Connection Status screen.
5 Select Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
6 Use the ipconfig command to check your dynamic IPv6 address. This example shows a global address
(2001:b021:2d::1000) obtained from a DHCP server.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :

IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:b021:2d::1000
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::25d8:dcab:c80a:5189%11
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.100.61
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::213:49ff:feaa:7125%11
172.16.100.254
236
APPENDIX G
Common Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers.
For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet
Assigned Number Authority) web site.
• Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one,
if you like.
• Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the
same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not
the port number.
• Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port
numbers.
• If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
• If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
• Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which
this service is used.
Table 85 Commonly Used Services
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
AH (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling
protocol uses this service.
AIM/New-ICQ TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a
listening port by ICQ.
AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.
BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME TCP 7648 A popular video conferencing solution from White
Pines Software.
UDP 24032
DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web
names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can
be used to find out if a user is logged on.
FTP TCP 20 File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast
transfer of files, including large files that may not be
TCP 21 possible by email.
H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.
HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol
for the world wide web.
HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-
commerce.
237
Appendix G Common Services
Table 85 Commonly Used Services (continued)

ICMP User-Defined 1 Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for
diagnostic or routing purposes.
ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2 Internet Group Management Protocol is used when
sending packets to a specific group of hosts.
IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key
distribution and management.
IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.
MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this
protocol.
NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.
NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.
NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed
file service that provides transparent file sharing for
network environments.
NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery
mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.
PING User-Defined 1 Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out
ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote
host is reachable.
POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer
get email from a POP3 server through a temporary
connection (TCP/IP or other).
PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure
transfer of data over public networks. This is the
control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables
secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the
data channel.
RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time
sound over the web.
REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.
RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol
(RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the
Internet.
SFTP TCP 115 Simple File Transfer Protocol.
SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-
exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you
to move messages from one email server to another.
SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.
SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface to access
data on many different types of database systems,
including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX
systems and network servers.
SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
238
Appendix G Common Services
Table 85 Commonly Used Services (continued)

STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.
TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access
Controller Access Control System).
TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol
common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It
operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is
to allow users to log into remote host systems.
TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer
protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User
Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission
Control Protocol).
VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another video conferencing solution.
239
APPENDIX H
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by Zyxel Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any
language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of Zyxel Communications Corporation.
Published by Zyxel Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
Zyxel does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any
license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. Zyxel further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein
without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Regulatory Notice and Statement
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
The following information applies if you use the product within USA area.
FCC EMC Statement

• The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
• Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
device.
• This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
• If this device does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the device off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the devices
• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver’s
• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement

• This device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
• This transmitter must be at least 20 cm from the user and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
• Operation of this device is restricted to indoor use only, except for relevant user's manual mention that this device can be installed into the
external environment.
CANADA
The following information applies if you use the product within Canada area
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ICES statement

ICAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada RSS-GEN & RSS-247 statement
• This device contains licence-exempt transmitter(s)/receiver(s) that comply with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada's
licence-exempt RSS(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
240
Appendix H Legal Information
• This radio transmitter (2468C-NBG418NV2) has been approved by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada to operate with
the antenna types listed below with the maximum permissible gain indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, that have a gain greater
than the maximum gain indicated for any type listed, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Antenna Information
NO. MODEL NAME TYPE MANUFACTURER GAIN CONNECTOR
1 HWY-24EL5B-106 Dipole Shenzhen 5 N/A

Hongweiyuan
2 SSR-1308008 Dipole 5 N/A
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz , the following attention must be paid,
• The device for operation in the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel
mobile satellite systems.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5850 MHz shall be such that the
equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limits as appropriate; and
• Where applicable, antenna type(s), antenna model(s), and the worst-case tilt angle(s) necessary to remain compliant with the e.i.r.p.
elevation mask requirement set forth in Section 6.2.2.3 of RSS 247 shall be clearly indicated.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz , the following attention must be paid.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz
shall be such that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limit.
• L'émetteur/récepteur exempt de licence contenu dans le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Innovation, Sciences et
Développement économique Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions
suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage; (2) L'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le
brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.
• Le présent émetteur radio (IC ID) a été approuvé par Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada pour fonctionner avec
les types d'antenne énumérés ci dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, et dont le gain
est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué pour tout type figurant sur la liste, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Informations Antenne
NUMÉRO NOM DU MODÈLE TYPE FABRICANT GAIN CONNECTEUR
1 HWY-24EL5B-106 Dipole Shenzhen 5 N/A

Hongweiyuan
2 SSR-1308008 Dipole 5 N/A
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes
• Les dispositifs fonctionnant dans la bande de 5 150 à 5 250 MHz sont réservés uniquement pour une utilisation à l'intérieur afin de réduire les
risques de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes canaux;
• Pour les dispositifs munis d'antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande de 5 725 à 5 850 MHz)
doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e. spécifiée, selon le cas;
• Lorsqu'il y a lieu, les types d'antennes (s'il y en a plusieurs), les numéros de modèle de l'antenne et les pires angles d'inclinaison nécessaires
pour rester conforme à l'exigence de la p.i.r.e. applicable au masque d'élévation, énoncée à la section 6.2.2.3 du CNR-247, doivent être
clairement indiqués.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5250-5350 MHz et 5470-5725 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes.
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis pour les dispositifs utilisant les bandes de 5 250 à 5 350 MHz
et de 5 470 à 5 725 MHz doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e.
Industry Canada radiation exposure statement

This device complies with ISED radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device should be installed and operated
with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.
Déclaration d’exposition aux radiations:

Cet équipement est conforme aux limites d’exposition aux rayonnements IC établies pour un environnement non contrôlé. Cet équipement doit
être installé et utilisé avec un minimum de 20 cm de distance entre la source de rayonnement et votre corps.
241
EUROPEAN UNION
The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union.
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 2014/53/EU (Radio Equipment Directive, RED)
• Compliance information for wireless products relevant to the EU and other Countries following the EU Directive 2014/53/EU (RED). And this
product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU Directive 2014/53/EU) without any limitation except for the
countries mentioned below table:
• In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 5GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless local area
networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries in which additional restrictions or requirements or both are
applicable. The requirements for any country may evolve. Zyxel recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of
their national regulations for the 5GHz wireless LANs.
• If this device for operation in the band 5150-5350 MHz, it is for indoor use only.
• This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20cm between the radio equipment and your body.
• The maximum RF power operating for each band as follows:
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 87.30 mW
Български С настоящото Zyxel декларира, че това оборудване е в съответствие със съществените изисквания и другите
(Bulgarian) приложими разпоредбите на Директива 2014/53/ЕC.
National Restrictions
• The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link
having a range exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details.
• Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te
worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer
gegevens.
• Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à
l’Institut Belge des services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples
détails.
Español Por medio de la presente Zyxel declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras
(Spanish) disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 2014/53/UE.
Čeština Zyxel tímto prohlašuje, že tento zařízení je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice
(Czech) 2014/53/EU.
Dansk (Danish) Undertegnede Zyxel erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr udstyr overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i
direktiv 2014/53/EU.
• In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage.
• I Danmark må frekvensbåndet 5150 - 5350 også anvendes udendørs.
Deutsch Hiermit erklärt Zyxel, dass sich das Gerät Ausstattung in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den
(German) übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 2014/53/EU befindet.
Eesti keel Käesolevaga kinnitab Zyxel seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 2014/53/EL põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist
(Estonian) tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
Ελληνικά ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ Zyxel ∆ΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ εξοπλισμός ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩ∆ΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ
(Greek) ∆ΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ Ο∆ΗΓΙΑΣ 2014/53/EE.
English Hereby, Zyxel declares that this device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of
Directive 2014/53/EU.
Français Par la présente Zyxel déclare que l'appareil équipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions
(French) pertinentes de la directive 2014/53/UE.
Hrvatski Zyxel ovime izjavljuje da je radijska oprema tipa u skladu s Direktivom 2014/53/UE.
(Croatian)
Íslenska Hér með lýsir, Zyxel því yfir að þessi búnaður er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og önnur viðeigandi ákvæði tilskipunar 2014/53/
(Icelandic) UE.
Italiano (Italian) Con la presente Zyxel dichiara che questo attrezzatura è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti
stabilite dalla direttiva 2014/53/UE.
• This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation
Table for Italy. Unless this wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires
a “general authorization.” Please check http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details.
• Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione
delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede
una “Autorizzazione Generale”. Consultare http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli.
242
Latviešu valoda Ar šo Zyxel deklarē, ka iekārtas atbilst Direktīvas 2014/53/ES būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem.
(Latvian)
• The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please
check http://www.esd.lv for more details.
• 2.4 GHz frekvenèu joslas izmantoðanai ârpus telpâm nepiecieðama atïauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairâk
informâcijas: http://www.esd.lv.
Lietuvių kalba Šiuo Zyxel deklaruoja, kad šis įranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 2014/53/ES Direktyvos nuostatas.
(Lithuanian)
Magyar Alulírott, Zyxel nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezés megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 2014/53/EU
(Hungarian) irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
Malti (Maltese) Hawnhekk, Zyxel, jiddikjara li dan tagħmir jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li hemm
fid-Dirrettiva 2014/53/UE.
Nederlands Hierbij verklaart Zyxel dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante
(Dutch) bepalingen van richtlijn 2014/53/EU.
Polski (Polish) Niniejszym Zyxel oświadcza, że sprzęt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi postanowieniami
Dyrektywy 2014/53/UE.
Português Zyxel declara que este equipamento está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 2014/53/
(Portuguese) UE.
Română Prin prezenta, Zyxel declară că acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele esenţiale şi alte prevederi relevante ale
(Romanian) Directivei 2014/53/UE.
Slovenčina Zyxel týmto vyhlasuje, že zariadenia spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 2014/53/EÚ.
(Slovak)
Slovenščina Zyxel izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 2014/53/EU.
(Slovene)
Suomi (Finnish) Zyxel vakuuttaa täten että laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 2014/53/EU oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien
direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svenska Härmed intygar Zyxel att denna utrustning står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta
(Swedish) bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 2014/53/EU.
Norsk Erklærer herved Zyxel at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante bestemmelser I
(Norwegian) direktiv 2014/53/EU.
Notes:
• Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 2014/53/EU has also been implemented in those
countries.
• The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding the
gain of the antenna used (specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm).
243
List of national codes
COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE
Austria AT Liechtenstein LI
Belgium BE Lithuania LT
Bulgaria BG Luxembourg LU
Croatia HR Malta MT
Cyprus CY Netherlands NL
Czech Republic CZ Norway NO
Denmark DK Poland PL
Estonia EE Portugal PT
Finland FI Romania RO
France FR Serbia RS
Germany DE Slovakia SK
Greece GR Slovenia SI
Hungary HU Spain ES
Iceland IS Switzerland CH
Ireland IE Sweden SE
Italy IT Turkey TR
Latvia LV United Kingdom GB
Safety Warnings
• Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do not expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do not store things on the device.
• Do not install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do not open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified
service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Do not remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting it to
a power outlet.
• Do not allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor
or cord.
• Please use the provided or designated connection cables/power cables/ adaptors. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example,
110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, it might cause electrocution. Remove it from the
device and the power source, repairing the power adapter or cord is prohibited. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type, dispose of used batteries according to the instruction. Dispose them at
the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic devices. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
• Do not obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• The following warning statements apply, where the disconnect device is not incorporated in the device or where the plug on the power
supply cord is intended to serve as the disconnect device,
• For permanently connected devices, a readily accessible disconnect device shall be incorporated external to the device;
• For pluggable devices, the socket-outlet shall be installed near the device and shall be easily accessible.
Environment Statement
ErP (Energy-related Products)
Zyxel products put on the EU market in compliance with the requirement of the European Parliament and the Council published Directive 2009/
125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast), so called as "ErP Directive
(Energy-related Products directive) as well as ecodesign requirement laid down in applicable implementing measures, power consumption has
satisfied regulation requirements which are:
Network standby power consumption < 8W, and/or
Off mode power consumption < 0.5W, and/or
Standby mode power consumption < 0.5W.
Wireless setting, please refer to the chapter about wireless settings for more detail.
European Union - Disposal and Recycling Information

The symbol below means that according to local regulations your product and/or its battery shall be disposed of separately from domestic
waste. If this product is end of life, take it to a recycling station designated by local authorities. At the time of disposal, the separate collection of
your product and/or its battery will help save natural resources and ensure that the environment is sustainable development.
244
Die folgende Symbol bedeutet, dass Ihr Produkt und/oder seine Batterie gemäß den örtlichen Bestimmungen getrennt vom Hausmüll entsorgt
werden muss. Wenden Sie sich an eine Recyclingstation, wenn dieses Produkt das Ende seiner Lebensdauer erreicht hat. Zum Zeitpunkt der
Entsorgung wird die getrennte Sammlung von Produkt und/oder seiner Batterie dazu beitragen, natürliche Ressourcen zu sparen und die Umwelt
und die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen.
El símbolo de abajo indica que según las regulaciones locales, su producto y/o su batería deberán depositarse como basura separada de la
doméstica. Cuando este producto alcance el final de su vida útil, llévelo a un punto limpio. Cuando llegue el momento de desechar el
producto, la recogida por separado éste y/o su batería ayudará a salvar los recursos naturales y a proteger la salud humana y
medioambiental.
Le symbole ci-dessous signifie que selon les réglementations locales votre produit et/ou sa batterie doivent être éliminés séparément des ordures
ménagères. Lorsque ce produit atteint sa fin de vie, amenez-le à un centre de recyclage. Au moment de la mise au rebut, la collecte séparée
de votre produit et/ou de sa batterie aidera à économiser les ressources naturelles et protéger l'environnement et la santé humaine.
Il simbolo sotto significa che secondo i regolamenti locali il vostro prodotto e/o batteria deve essere smaltito separatamente dai rifiuti domestici.
Quando questo prodotto raggiunge la fine della vita di servizio portarlo a una stazione di riciclaggio. Al momento dello smaltimento, la raccolta
separata del vostro prodotto e/o della sua batteria aiuta a risparmiare risorse naturali e a proteggere l'ambiente e la salute umana.
Symbolen innebär att enligt lokal lagstiftning ska produkten och/eller dess batteri kastas separat från hushållsavfallet. När den här produkten når
slutet av sin livslängd ska du ta den till en återvinningsstation. Vid tiden för kasseringen bidrar du till en bättre miljö och mänsklig hälsa genom att
göra dig av med den på ett återvinningsställe.
245
Environmental Product Declaration
246
台灣
以下訊息僅適用於產品具有無線功能且銷售至台灣地區
• 第十二條經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司，商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
• 第十四條低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
• 前項合法通信，指依電信法規定作業之無線電通信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
• 無線資訊傳輸設備忍受合法通信之干擾且不得干擾合法通信；如造成干擾，應立即停用，俟無干擾之虞，始得繼續使用。
• 無線資訊傳輸設備的製造廠商應確保頻率穩定性，如依製造廠商使用手冊上所述正常操作，發射的信號應維持於操作頻帶中
• 使用無線產品時，應避免影響附近雷達系統之操作。
• 高增益指向性天線只得應用於固定式點對點系統。
以下訊息僅適用於產品屬於專業安裝並銷售至台灣地區
• 本器材須經專業工程人員安裝及設定，始得設置使用，且不得直接販售給一般消費者
安全警告
為了您的安全，請先閱讀以下警告及指示 :
• 請勿將此產品接近水、火焰或放置在高溫的環境。
• 避免設備接觸任何液體 - 切勿讓設備接觸水、雨水、高濕度、污水腐蝕性的液體或其他水份。
• 灰塵及污物 - 切勿接觸灰塵、污物、沙土、食物或其他不合適的材料。
• 雷雨天氣時，不要安裝，使用或維修此設備。有遭受電擊的風險。
• 切勿重摔或撞擊設備，並勿使用不正確的電源變壓器。
• 若接上不正確的電源變壓器會有爆炸的風險。
• 請勿隨意更換產品內的電池。
• 如果更換不正確之電池型式，會有爆炸的風險，請依製造商說明書處理使用過之電池。
• 請將廢電池丟棄在適當的電器或電子設備回收處。
• 請勿將設備解體。
• 請勿阻礙設備的散熱孔，空氣對流不足將會造成設備損害。
• 請插在正確的電壓供給插座 ( 如 : 北美 / 台灣電壓 110V AC，歐洲是 230V AC)。
• 假若電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線損壞，請從插座拔除，若您還繼續插電使用，會有觸電死亡的風險。
• 請勿試圖修理電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線，若有毀損，請直接聯絡您購買的店家，購買一個新的電源變壓器。
• 請勿將此設備安裝於室外，此設備僅適合放置於室內。
• 請勿隨一般垃圾丟棄。
• 請參閱產品背貼上的設備額定功率。
• 請參考產品型錄或是彩盒上的作業溫度。
• 產品沒有斷電裝置或者採用電源線的插頭視為斷電裝置的一部分，以下警語將適用 :
- 對永久連接之設備，在設備外部須安裝可觸及之斷電裝置；
- 對插接式之設備，插座必須接近安裝之地點而且是易於觸及的。
Viewing Certifications
Go to http://www.zyxel.com to view this product’s documentation and certifications.
Zyxel Limited Warranty

Zyxel warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in material or workmanship for a specific period (the
Warranty Period) from the date of purchase. The Warranty Period varies by region. Check with your vendor and/or the authorized Zyxel local
distributor for details about the Warranty Period of this product. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product
have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, Zyxel will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or
components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to
proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value,
and will be solely at the discretion of Zyxel. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by
an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. Zyxel shall in no event be held
liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the
device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at
www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Open Source Licenses

This product contains in part some free software distributed under GPL license terms and/or GPL like licenses. Open source licenses are provided
with the firmware package. You can download the latest firmware at www.zyxel.com. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses,
please contact [email protected] to get it.
247
Index
Index
A restore 154
contact information 167
Address Assignment 80 copyright 240
Advanced Encryption Standard CTS (Clear to Send) 219
See AES. customer support 167
AES 224
Alert 150
alternative subnet mask notation 175 D
antenna
directional 228 Daylight saving 148
gain 228
DDNS
omni-directional 228
service providers 117
AP (access point) 218
device mode 12, 30
AP Mode
DHCP 102
menu 36, 40
see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
overview 30
DHCP client information 104
status screen 32, 39, 42, 45
DHCP client list 104
DHCP server 100, 102
DHCP table 104
B disclaimer 240
DNS 100
Backup configuration 154
DNS server
Basic Service Set, See BSS 216
see also Domain name system
BSS 216
DNS Server 80
Domain name 22
vs host name. see also system name
C Domain Name System. See DNS.
Dynamic DNS 116
CA 223 dynamic DNS 116
Certificate Authority wildcard 116
See CA. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 102
certifications 244 dynamic WEP key exchange 223
viewing 247 DynDNS 117
Channel 34, 40, 43 DynDNS see also DDNS 117
channel 64, 218 DYNDNS wildcard 116
interference 218
Client table 35
Configuration
backup 154
reset the factory defaults 155
248
Index
E See IANA 179

Internet connection
EAP Authentication 222 Ethernet
PPPoE. see also PPP over Ethernet
encryption 65, 224
PPTP
key 66
WAN connection
ESS 217
Internet connection wizard 28
ESSID 164
Internet Protocol version 6, see IPv6
Extended Service Set, See ESS 217
IP Address 87, 101, 109
IP address 100
dynamic
F IP Pool 103
IPv6 229
Factory LAN defaults 102 addressing 229
Firewall EUI-64 231
ICMP packets 122, 124 global address 229
Zyxel device firewall 121 interface ID 231
firewall link-local address 229
stateful inspection 120 Neighbor Discovery Protocol 229
Firmware upload 152 ping 229
file extension prefix 229
using HTTP prefix length 229
unspecified address 230
firmware version 33, 40, 43, 46
fragmentation threshold 219
L
G
LAN 99
IP pool setup 101
General wireless LAN screen 66
LAN overview 99
LAN setup 99
LAN TCP/IP 101
H Language 159
Local Area Network 99
hidden node 218
Log 150
I
M
IANA 179
MAC 71
IBSS 216
MAC address 65, 80
IEEE 802.11g 220
cloning 80
Independent Basic Service Set
MAC address filter 65
See IBSS 216
MAC address filtering 71
initialization vector (IV) 224
MAC filter 71
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
249
Index
managing the device Port forwarding 109, 113

good habits 13 default server 109, 113
MBSSID 65 example 113
Media access control 71 local server 109
port numbers
Message Integrity Check (MIC) 224
services
mode 12
Port Trigger 111
Multiple BSS, see MBSSID
PPPoE 23, 82
benefits 23
dial-up connection
N see also Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 23
PPTP 24, 84
NAT 106, 109, 179 see also Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 24
global 107 preamble mode 220
how it works 106, 108 PSK 225
inside 107
local 107
outside 107
overview 106 Q
port forwarding 113
see also Network Address Translation Quality of Service (QoS) 72
server 107
server sets 113
NAT traversal 128
R
Navigation Panel 36, 40, 43, 47
navigation panel 36, 40, 43, 47
RADIUS 221
Network Address Translation 106, 109 message types 222
messages 222
shared secret key 222
O Remote management
and NAT 126
and the firewall 126
operating mode 12
limitations 126
operation mode 30, 157
system timeout 126
access point 30
Reset button 20, 155
client 31
router 30 Reset the device 20
universal repeater 31 Restore configuration 154
overview 12 RFC 3164 149
Roaming 71
RTS (Request To Send) 219
threshold 218, 219
P
RTS/CTS Threshold 63, 71
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 224, 226

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 23, 82
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 24, 84
Pool Size 103
250
Index
S universal repeater 12
UPnP 128
Scheduling 74 example 142
installation 142
screw anchor 15
security issues 129
security
UPnP-enabled Network Device
wireless LAN 64
auto-discover 131, 135
Service Set 68
Service Set IDentification 67, 68, 77
Service Set IDentity. See SSID.
SSID 34, 40, 64, 67, 68, 77 V
MBSSID 65
stateful inspection firewall 120 VPN 84
Static DHCP 103

Static Route 118
subnet 173 W
Subnet Mask 101
subnet mask 100, 174 wall mounting 15
subnetting 175 WAN (Wide Area Network) 79
Summary WAN MAC address 80

Packet statistics 36 warranty 247
Sys Op Mode 157 note 247
syslog Web Configurator

protocol 149 easy access 138
severity levels 149 how to access 18
Overview 18
System General Setup 143, 144, 146
WEP Encryption 69
System Name 147
WEP encryption 69
System restart 155
WEP key 69
Wi-Fi Protected Access 224
wireless channel 164
T wireless client WPA supplicants 225
wireless LAN 164
TCP/IP configuration 102
MBSSID 65
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 224
security 64
Time setting 147
wireless LAN scheduling 74
trigger port 114
Wireless LAN wizard 26
Trigger port forwarding 114
Wireless network
example 114
basic guidelines 63
process 114
channel 64
encryption 65
example 62
U MAC address filter 65
overview 62
security 64
Universal Plug and Play 128
SSID 64
application 128
251
Index
Wireless security 64
overview 64
type 64
wireless security 164, 220
Wireless tutorial 48
WPS 48
Wizard setup 21
complete 28
Internet connection 28
wireless LAN 26
WLAN
interference 218
security parameters 227
WPA 224
key caching 225
pre-authentication 225
user authentication 225
vs WPA-PSK 225
wireless client supplicant 225
with RADIUS application example 225
WPA2 224
user authentication 225
vs WPA2-PSK 225
wireless client supplicant 225
with RADIUS application example 225
WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 224
WPA2-PSK 224, 225
application example 226
WPA-PSK 224, 225
application example 226
WPS 14
WPS button 14
252

User's Guide: NBG-418N v2

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User’s Guide

Default Login Details Version 1.00 Edition 4, 05/2019

Copyright © 2019 Zyxel Communications Corporation

READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.

KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

Warnings and Notes

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

User’s Guide ......................................................................................................................................11

Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................61

Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 62

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

Document Conventions ......................................................................................................................3

Contents Overview .............................................................................................................................4

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5

Part I: User’s Guide.......................................................................................... 11

1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 12

2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 18

3.1 Wizard Setup ................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 30

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

4.2.1 Status (Router Mode) ............................................................................................................ 32

5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 48

Part II: Technical Reference........................................................................... 61

6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 62

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

6.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .............................................................................................................. 70

7.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 79

8.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 99

9.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 102

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

10.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 106

11.1 DNS Overview ............................................................................................................................. 116

12.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 118

13.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 120

14.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 124

15.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 126

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

15.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .................................................................................. 126

16.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 128

17.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 143

18.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 146

19.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 149

20.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 152

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

20.4 Configuration .............................................................................................................................. 154

21.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 157

22.1 Language Settings ..................................................................................................................... 159

23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ............................................................................... 160

Appendix A Customer Support ..................................................................................................... 167

Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting .................................................................................... 173

Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions............................................ 182

Appendix D Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address .................................................................. 190

Appendix E Wireless LANs............................................................................................................... 216

Appendix F IPv6 ............................................................................................................................... 229

Appendix G Common Services ..................................................................................................... 237

Appendix H Legal Information....................................................................................................... 240

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide

NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide