CN Taenia solium Pork Tape Worm

CN Taenia saginata Beef Tapeworm

CN Hymenolopis nana Dwarf Tapeworm

CN Hymenelopis diminuta Rat Tapeworm

CN Dipylidium caninum Dog Tapeworm/Double Pored Tapeworm

CN Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid Worm-smallest tapeworm

CN Echinococcus multiocularis Hydatid Worm

CN Diphyllobothrium latum Broad Tapeworm

INFECTIVE STAGE Taenia solium Cysticercus cellulosae/ egg

INFECTIVE STAGE Taenia saginata Cysticercus cellulosae

INFECTIVE STAGE Hymenolopis nana embyonated egg/cysticercoid

INFECTIVE STAGE Hymenelopis diminuta Cysticercus cellulosae

INFECTIVE STAGE Dipylidium caninum Cysticercoid larvae

INFECTIVE STAGE Echinococcus granulosus Embyonated egg

INFECTIVE STAGE Echinococcus multiocularis Embyonated egg

INFECTIVE STAGE Diphyllobothrium latum plerocercoid larva or sparganum

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Taenia solium Eggs and gravid segments-less than 13 lateral uterine branches

Mode of Transmission Taenia solium Ingestion-raw/insufficiently cooked pork w/ *cysticeruscellulosae/

*eggs of T. solium *Regurgitation of eggs and gravid segments of parasite into stomach

Intermediate Host Taenia solium Pig ,Man

Definitive Host Taenia solium Man

Habitat Taenia solium small intestine

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Taenia saginata Eggs and gravid segments-13 or more

Mode of Transmission Taenia saginata Ingestion- Raw beef w/ cysticerci

Intermediate Host Taenia saginata cattle, carabao, goat instead of pig

Definitive Host Taenia saginata Man

Habitat Taenia saginata small intestine

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Hymenolopis nana Embyonated egg

Mode of Transmission Hymenolopis nana Direct: Ingestion-food, water with embryonated egg Indirect:
ingestion by man of fleas or flour beetles containing cysticercoids larva

Intermediate Host Hymenolopis nana Direct-man, rats, mice Indirect- insects fleas (Ctenocephalcanis,
Xenopsyllacheopis, Pulexirritans) or flour beetles (Tenebrio molitor, T. obscures, Triboliumconfusum

Definitive Host Hymenolopis nana Man

Habitat Hymenolopis nana Small intestine

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Hymenelopis diminuta eggs

Mode of Transmission Hymenelopis diminuta Ingestion-infected insect w/ cysticerci

Intermediate Host Hymenelopis diminuta male moths, earwigs, beetles, cockroaches and rat fleas
(These are all coprozoic or scavenger in their habits during their larval or adult stages)

Definitive Host Hymenelopis diminuta Man

Habitat Hymenelopis diminuta Small intestine

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Dipylidium caninum single or chain groups of proglottids eggs in egg capsule-
seldom seen

Mode of Transmission Dipylidium caninum Ingestion of fleas that contains cystercoidlarva

Intermediate Host Dipylidium caninum dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis), cat flea (C. felis) or the human flea
(Pulexirritans)

Definitive Host Dipylidium caninum Dog, cat, Man-incidental

Habitat Dipylidium caninum Small intestine

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid cyst

Mode of Transmission Echinococcus granulosus Human infection results from fondling infected dogs,
ingesting eggs in dirt or vegetables, utensils or contaminated clothing

Intermediate Host Echinococcus granulosus sheep, dog, of or man

Definitive Host Echinococcus granulosus dogs and other canines

Habitat Echinococcus granulosus Intestines

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Echinococcus multiocularis Alveolar Hydatid cyst – postmortem exam

Mode of Transmission Echinococcus multiocularis Ingestion- raw fruits and vegetables contaminated
with feces of foxes and other canines w/ Embyonated egg

Intermediate Host Echinococcus multiocularis field mouse, vole, squirrel, and shrew

Definitive Host Echinococcus multiocularis dogs and other canines

Habitat Echinococcus multiocularis Intestines

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Diphyllobothrium latum Unembryonated eggs

Mode of Transmission Diphyllobothrium latum Ingestion- raw or insufficiently cooked flesh of infected fishes
with plerocercoid larva or spargum

Intermediate Host Diphyllobothrium latum 1st IH= copepods / crustaceans 2nd IH= Different types of
freshwater fish

Definitive Host Diphyllobothrium latum Man

Habitat Diphyllobothrium latum Small intestine

ADULT WORM Taenia solium (rostellum armed with a double row of hooklets )scolex – globular in shape
with 4 cupshaped suckers, with a rostellum armed with a double row of hooklets

ADULT WORM Taenia saginata (no rostellum and spines and hooklets) whitish opaque in color, scolex similar
to T.solium

ADULT WORM Hymenolopis nana (short retractile rostellum armed with a ring of 20-30 spines) & A small
tapeworm with 96-840 segments & scolex – is minute, rhomboidal with 4 cup-shaped suckers

ADULT WORM Hymenelopis diminuta rudimentary unarmed rostellum 800-1,300 proglottids & scolex is
small, club shaped with 4 cup-shaped suckers

ADULT WORM Dipylidium caninum median conical rostellum armed with 1-7 circles of spines, 4 deeply
cupped suckers

ADULT WORM Echinococcus granulosus prominent rostellum with a double row of 28 – 40 large and small
hooklets, 4 cup-like suckers , scolex, neck and three segments one immature proglottid, one elongated mature
proglottid and one long gravid proglottid

ADULT WORM Echinococcus multiocularis Morphologically similar to E. granulosus

ADULT WORM Diphyllobothrium latum ivory colored, Scolex – is small, spatulate with pair of deep sulci
PROGLOTTIDS Taenia solium gravid uterus with 5-13 lateral uterine branches 800-1000 segments, marginal
genital pore, gravid segment contains 30,000-50,000 eggs

PROGLOTTIDS Taenia saginata 1000 – 2000 segments, lateral uterine branches are 15 or more, gravid segment
contains 80,000 eggs

PROGLOTTIDS Hymenolopis nana mature segment is the three ovoidal testes, one on the left and two on
the right side of the ovary, & *gravid segment- testes disappear uterus hollows out, becomes saclike and filled with
eggs

PROGLOTTIDS Hymenelopis diminuta Mature segment three ovoidal testes three testes are arranged in a straight
line hard to distinguish, Gravid segment *has appearance of a sac incompletely divided by partitions occupying nearly the entire
segment

PROGLOTTIDS Dipylidium caninum (double pored tapeworm) double set of reproductive organs, genital
pore on each lateral margin& gravid proglottids – filled with polygonal uterine blocks8-15 eggs

PROGLOTTIDS Echinococcus granulosus *3 segments

PROGLOTTIDS Echinococcus multiocularis 3 segments

PROGLOTTIDS Diphyllobothrium latum Multiple proglottid formation occurs simultaneously &mature

proglottid is somewhat broader than longer and is practically filled with male and female genitalia

EGGS Taenia solium two radically-striated shells, outer shell is thin and rarely seen while the inner shell is
brown, thick and striated *inside is an embryo or oncosphere with 6 hooklets

EGGS Taenia saginata eggs of T. saginata is indistinguishable from T. solium

EGGS Hymenolopis nana oncosphere enclosed in an inner membrane with two polar thickenings from each side -
arise 4-8 polar filaments & oncosphere are 3 pairs of hooklets

EGGS Hymenelopis diminuta often with 2 polar projections but without filament& Oncosphere is surrounded by 2
membranes, striated outer membrane

EGGS Dipylidium caninum oncosphere with 6 hooklets albuminous covering with 2 membranes

EGGS Echinococcus granulosus radially striated embryophore which cannot be differentiated from those of
Taenia eggs

EGGS Echinococcus multiocularis radially striated embryophore which cannot be differentiated from
those of Taenia eggs

EGGS Diphyllobothrium latum broadly ovoidal, operculate, moderately thick shelled immature embryos when
oviposited 1m eggs/day, nonviable when subjected to dessication or putrefaction

LARVA Taenia solium larval stage or bladder worm is called cysticercuscellulosae& milky white spot at one
side where the invaginated scolex with hooks and sucker

LARVA Taenia saginata cysticercuscellulosae except that the scolex is unarmed

LARVA Echinococcus granulosus free brood capsules and free scolices are referred to as “hydatid sand”Larva or
Hydatid Cyst two layers: 1. Outer laminated 2. Inner nucleated germinal layer

LARVA Echinococcus multiocularis Hydatid Cyst or Larval Cyst -called alveolar cyst cavities contain or little
or no fluid, scolices are rarely seendevelopment is in liver