Optical Communication: EC8751 - OC 11

EC8751
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
EC8751 -OC 11
Instructions to be Followed
1.Always mute your mike till the speaker opens the forum for Q&A
2. Don't try to Share your Screen
3.Always Pin the speaker's tab / Speaker's Presentation
4. To avoid bandwidth issues switch off your video during presentation
5.During Q&A, switch on corresponding attendee's Video and Audio.
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Be Attentive
Questions will be asked periodically
Type your answer in chat box.
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Various Modern Communication
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Electromagnetic Waves / Electromagnetic
Spectrum / EM
Wireless communication is based on the principle of broadcast and reception of
electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic spectrum can be expressed in terms of
energy, wavelength or frequency.
The amount of energy a photon (EM wave) has can cause it to behave more like a
wave, or more like a particle. This is called the wave-particle duality of light.
Low energy photons (such as radio photons) behave more like waves, while higher
energy photons (such as X-rays) behave more like particles.
Frequency is the number of cycles (oscillations) per second of the wave and is
measured in Hertz (Hz), Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive
maxima or minima in the wave and is measured in meter (m).
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Wavelength and Frequency
• Wavelength and frequency are represented by the Greek letters lambda (λ) and nu (ν).
• The relationships between energy, wavelength and frequency can be written as
λ=c/ν
• Energy equals Planck's constant times the frequency, or
E=h×ν
E is the energy
• c is the speed of light, c = 299,792,458 m/s.
• h is Planck's constant, h = 6.626 x 10-27 erg-seconds.
• Both the speed of light and Planck's constant are constant.
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EM Waves…
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EM Waves Applications…
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NATURE OF LIGHT
• Concept —Light can be explained as
• Rays: using Optical
Geometry
• Waves: using
Electromagnetic Theory
• Photons: using Photoelectric
Effect
• ?: using Quantum Mechanic
• We will need
• Optical Geometry → to explain light propagation
• Electromagnetic Theory → to understand spectrum
• Photoelectric Effect → to show lasers and photodetectors
NATURE OF LIGHT
• Spectrum —Light as a wave
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Reliance Jio OFC
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Bharti Airtel OFC
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Reliance Jio OFC
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ACT OFC
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Core - Cladding
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ACT FTTH Junctio Box
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Copper Cable
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Copper Distribution Box
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Major Optical Service Providers In Chennai
• BSNL
• Airtel
• Reliance Jio
• ACT
• Hathway
• YOU Broadband
• Cherrinet
• Tikona Digital Networks
• Net Express
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Links
• https://www.airtel.in/service-provider/global-network
• https://www.tatacommunications.com/map/
• https://youtu.be/r_Y8CYmaRBE - Jio
• https://youtu.be/jZOg39v73c4
• https://www.submarinecablemap.com/
EC8751 -OC 33
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS
Introduction-general optical fiber communication

system- basic optical laws and definitions optical modes
and configurations -mode analysis for optical
propagation through fiberscopes in planar wave guide-
modes in cylindrical optical fiber-transverse electric and
transverse magnetic modes- fiber materials-fiber
fabrication techniques-fiber optic cables classification
of optical fiber-single mode fiber-graded index fiber.
EC8751 -OC 34
UNIT II
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF
OPTICAL FIBER
Attenuation-absorption --scattering losses-bending
losses-core and cladding losses-signal dispersion –inter
symbol interference and bandwidth-intra model
dispersion-material dispersion- waveguide dispersion-
polarization mode dispersion-intermodal dispersion
dispersion optimization of single mode fiber-
characteristics of single mode fiber-R-I Profile cut-off
wave length-dispersion calculation-mode field diameter.
EC8751 -OC 35
UNIT III
OPTICAL SOURCES AND DETECTORS
Sources: Intrinsic and extrinsic material-direct and indirect
band gaps-LED-LED structures surface emitting LED-Edge
emitting LED-quantum efficiency and LED power-light source
materials-modulation of LED-LASER diodes-modes and
threshold conditions-Rate equations-external quantum
efficiency-resonant frequencies-structures and radiation
patterns-single mode laser-external modulation-temperature
effort. Detectors: PIN photo detector-Avalanche photo diodes-
Photo detector noise-noise sources-SNR-detector response
time-Avalanche multiplication noise-temperature effects
comparisons of photo detectors.
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UNIT IV
OPTICAL RECEIVER, MEASUREMENTS
AND COUPLING
Fundamental receiver operation-preamplifiers-digital signal
transmission-error sources-Front end amplifiers-digital
receiver performance-probability of error-receiver sensitivity-
quantum limit. Optical power measurement-attenuation
measurement-dispersion measurement- Fiber Numerical
Aperture Measurements- Fiber cut- off Wave length
Measurements- Fiber diameter measurements-Source to Fiber
Power Launching-Lensing Schemes for Coupling
Management-Fiber to Fiber Joints-LED Coupling to Single
Mode Fibers-Fiber Splicing Optical Fiber connectors.
EC8751 -OC 37
UNIT V
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
AND NETWORKS
System design consideration Point – to –Point link
design –Link power budget –rise time budget, WDM –
Passive DWDM Components-Elements of optical
networks-SONET/SDH Optical Interfaces-
SONET/SDH Rings and Networks-High speed light
wave Links-OADM configuration-Optical
ETHERNET-Soliton.
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TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCES
TEXT BOOKS:
1. P Chakrabarti, "Optical Fiber Communication‖, McGraw Hill Education (India)Private Limited,
2016 (UNIT I, II, III)
2. Gred Keiser,"Optical Fiber Communication‖, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.
Fifth Edition, Reprint 2013. (UNIT I, IV, V)
REFERENCES:
1. John M.Senior, ―Optical fiber communication‖, Pearson Education, second edition.2007.
2. Rajiv Ramaswami, ―Optical Networks ― , Second Edition, Elsevier , 2004.
3. J.Gower, ―Optical Communication System‖, Prentice Hall of India, 2001.
4. Govind P. Agrawal, ―Fiber-optic communication systems‖, third edition, John Wiley & sons,
2004.
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EC8761
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LABORATORY
(Optical + Microwave + Wireless Communication
Experiments)
OPTICAL EXPERIMENTS
1. Measurement of connector, bending and fiber attenuation losses.
(Unit II)
2. Numerical Aperture and Mode Characteristics of Fibers. (Unit I)
3. DC Characteristics of LED and PIN Photo diode. (Unit III)
4. Fiber optic Analog and Digital Link Characterization - frequency
response(analog), eye diagram and BER (digital) (Unit IV)
EC8751 -OC 40

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EC8751

Introduction-general optical fiber communication

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