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Republic of the Philippines

SAMAR COLLEGES, INC.


College of Graduate Studies
Catbalogan City

COURSE : MAED Educational Management

SUBJECT : PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT


(EM 208 11:00-3:00 p.m.)

TERM : Summer, A.Y. 2019-2020

PROFESSOR : MICHELLE L. MUSTACISA, MAED-Elem.Educ,Ph.D.

REPORTER : Riona Marie Dapuran Magbutay

TOPIC : CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
Classroom management refers to the wide variety of skills and techniques that teachers
use to keep students organized, orderly, focused, attentive, on task, and academically
productive during a class.

When classroom-management strategies are executed effectively, teachers minimize the


behaviors that impede learning for both individual students and groups of students, while
maximizing the behaviors that facilitate or enhance learning. 

Generally speaking, effective teachers tend to display strong classroom-management


skills, while the hallmark of the inexperienced or less effective teacher is a disorderly
classroom filled with students who are not working or paying attention.

While a limited or more traditional interpretation of effective classroom management


may focus largely on “compliance”—rules and strategies that teachers may use to make
sure students are sitting in their seats, following directions, listening attentively, etc.—a
more encompassing or updated view of classroom management extends to everything
that teachers may do to facilitate or improve student learning, which would include such
factors as 
 behavior (a positive attitude, happy facial expressions, encouraging statements,
the respectful and fair treatment of students, etc.), 
 environment (for example, a welcoming, well-lit classroom filled with
intellectually stimulating learning materials that’s organized to support specific
learning activities), 
 expectations (the quality of work that teachers expect students to produce, the
ways that teachers expect students to behave toward other students, the
agreements that teachers make with students), 
 materials (the types of texts, equipment, and other learning resources that teachers
use), or activities (the kinds of learning experiences that teachers design
to engage student interests, passions, and intellectual curiosity). 
While the specific techniques used to manage classrooms and facilitate learning can vary
widely in terminology, purpose, and execution, the following representative examples—
taken from Teach Like a Champion: 49 Techniques that Put Students on the Path to
College by Doug Lemov—will provide a brief introduction to a few basic classroom-
management techniques 
 Entry Routine is a technique in which teachers establish a consistent, daily
routine that begins as soon as students enter the classroom—preparing learning
materials, making seat assignments, passing in homework, or doing a brief physical
“warm-up” activity would all be examples of entry routines. This technique can
avoid the disorder and squandered time that can characterize the beginning of a class
period.
 Do Now is a brief written activity that students are given as soon as they arrive in
the classroom. This technique is intended to get students settled, focused, productive,
and prepared for instruction as quickly as possible.
 Tight Transitions is a technique in which teachers establish transition routines
that students learn and can execute quickly and repeatedly without much direction
from a teacher. For example, a teacher might say “reading time,” and students will
know that they are expected to stop what they are working on, put away their
materials, get their books, and begin reading silently on their own. This technique
helps to maximize instructional time by reducing the disarray and delay that might
accompany transitions between activities.
 Seat Signals is a technique in which students use nonverbal signals while seated
to indicate that they need something, such as a new pencil, a restroom break, or help
with a problem. This technique establishes expectations for appropriate
communication and helps to minimize disruptions during class. 
 Props is the act of publicly recognizing and praising students who have done
something good, such as answering a difficult question or helping a peer. Props is
done by the entire class and is typically a short movement or spoken phrase. The
technique is intended to establish a group culture in which learning accomplishments
and positive actions are socially valued and rewarded.
 Nonverbal Intervention is when teachers establish eye contact or make gestures
that let students know they are off-task, not paying attention, or misbehaving. The
technique helps teachers efficiently and silently manage student behavior without
disrupting a lesson.
 Positive Group Correction is a quick, affirming verbal reminder that lets a group
of students know what they should be doing. Related techniques are Anonymous
Individual Correction, a verbal reminder that is directed at an anonymous
student; Private Individual Correction, a reminder given to an individual student
as discretely as possible; and Lightning-Quick Public Correction, a quick, positive
reminder that tells an individual student what to do instead of what not to do.
 Do It Again is used when students do not perform a basic task correctly, and the
teacher asks them to do it again the correct way. This technique establishes and
reinforces consistent expectations for quality work.

REFORM
In recent years, classroom management has received an increasing amount of attention
from education leaders, reformers, and researchers, who have begun to investigate,
analyze, and document the effective strategies used by successful teachers. The growing
emphasis on classroom management is based on the general recognition that effective
instruction requires effective classroom management, and that strong management skills
are the foundation of strong teaching.

DEBATE
While there is widespread agreement in education that effective classroom management
is essential to good teaching, there is often debate about which strategies are most
effective, or what is the best way to approach the management of a classroom or
other learning environment. 

 Some educators might argue that effective classroom management begins with
student compliance and classroom orderliness, since learning cannot happen when
students are not listening, when they are disobeying the teacher, or when they are
disrupting other students in the class. In this case, the teacher needs to establish
the behavioral and academic expectations for a class and ensure that students
comply with those expectations. Other educators, however, would argue that
teachers should approach classroom management by actively involving students
in the process. 

 some teachers create common classroom expectations and agreements in


collaboration with students. In this case, students play a role in developing the
expectations, thereby taking “ownership” over the process, and the teacher then
helps the students live up to those expectations by reminding them of the previous
agreements they made or by asking the class to reflect on their work and behavior
as a group in relation to the agreed-upon expectations—i.e., to identify the areas
in which the class is doing well and the areas in which it can improve.

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