BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 2

INTRODUCTION 3-4

BODY

PROCEDURES........................................................................................................... 5-7

DISCUSSION............................................................................................................. 7

CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................8

REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 9

APPENDICES....................................................................................................................10-12

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

ABSTRACT

Electric current is the amount of charge that flows through a given cross section of wire per
time. It is measured in Ampere, defined as one Coulomb/Second. Circuit elements, which
oppose the flow of current, have a certain quantity of resistance and are sometimes called
resistors; the basic unit of resistance is Ohm. The ammeter is used to measure the current
flowing through a resistor combination. In order to do this, we need to cause all current,
which flows through the resistor to flow through the ammeter as well. The ammeter will be
connected directly into the circuit line. This means for example that current leaving the
resistor will flow directly into the ammeter input. This type of connection is called a series
connection. We will also measure the voltage drop across resistor combinations. This requires
connecting the voltmeter across the element. This type of connection is called a parallel
connection. In connecting these circuits, must understand the role of the measuring
equipment, such as ammeter and voltmeter in particular. When they are connected into the
circuit, either in parallel (voltmeter) or serial (ammeter) fashion, they are not actually part of
the circuit, i.e. their presence does not (to a very good degree) affect the functioning of the
circuit. In this experiment, the objective is to determine the power dissipated in a resistive
DC circuit. Next, the power in this experiment can be found using any one of the three
methods.

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

INTRODUCTION

Power, which is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is used, is measured in
watts [1 watt = 1 J/sec]. This quantity is conserved in circuits; that is, the power supplied by
the battery must be equal to the power consumed by all of the resistors in the circuit. The
electric power in watts associated with a complete electric circuit or a circuit component
represents the rate at which energy is converted from the electrical energy of the moving
charges to some other form, e.g., heat, mechanical energy, or energy stored in electric fields
or magnetic fields. For a resistor in a D C Circuit the power is given by the product of
applied voltage and the electric current. Electrical power in a DC circuit can be found by
using the equation:

P=I ×V

Where : P = power in watt

I = current in amperes

V = voltage in volts

Since the voltage V and the current I are related by the resistance R (by Ohm’s Law) two new
equations for the power may be derived from equation (1). By substituting IR for V, equation
(1) becomes :

P=IR × I

P=I 2 R

And since :

V
I=
R

V
Substitute for I in equation (1)
R

V
P= ×V
R

V2
P=
R

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

Thus, to calculate power for any DC circuit using in term R and either V or I (it is not
necessary to know the values of both V and I). The law of conversation of energy requires
that the power supplied by the source. This fact will be verified experimentally in this
laboratory experiment.

When electric energy is supplied to a resistor it is immediately converted in to heat,

with the result that the resistor warms up. The greater the electric power supplied, the higher
the temperature will become, until a point is reached where either the resistor or nearby
component will burn out. In order to maintain an acceptable temperature, resistor that have to
dissipate large amount of power are made physically large, while that those dissipate little
energy can be made smaller.

It is therefore, clear that physical size of the resistor depends not on its resistance value
but almost exclusively upon the power which has to dissipate. This is why 100 watt lamps are
physically larger than 60 watt lamps. The increased sized offers better cooling both by
convention and by radiation.

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

PROCEDURE:

1. The resistance of R1 for 1.5 kΩ was measured and recorded use the multimeter.
R1 = 1.488 Ω
2. The circuit as per figure 6.1 are set up use variable DC Power supply, bread board,
voltmeter, ammeter, resistor and wires provided.
a. The variable power supply was turned on. The power supply was adjusted to
15V.
b. The current as indicated by the ammeter at the moment the voltage is applied
was measured and recorded.
I = 9.91 mA
c. The equation P = I x V are used and the value of steps 2 a) and 2 b), calculated
and the power dissipated in this circuit are recorded.
P = 9.91 × 14.91
= 0.15W

+
V
-

Figure 6.1

d. The equation P = V2 / R are use and the value of step 1 and 2.(a), calculated
and the power dissipated by resistor R1 are recorded.

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

P = 14.912 × 1.488

= 0.15 W

e. The equation P = I2R are use and the value of step 1 and 2.(b), calculated and
the power dissipated by resistor R1 are recorded.

P = 9.912 × 1.488

= 0.15 W

3. The circuit as shown in figure 6.2 reconnected. Note that two load resistors connected
in series. (Used the same voltmeter to measure the voltage across each of the two
resistors).
a. The power supply was turned on. 20V DC was adjusted as indicated on the
built-in power supply voltmeter.
b. The current I and the voltage V across R1 were measured and recorded.
I = 6.78 mA
VR1 = 6.7 V

R1
1kΩ

R2 V
20V + 2kΩ
DC -

Figure 6.2

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

c. The power was turned off. The voltmeter leads from RI were removed and
place them across R2. The voltage across R2 was recorded.
VR2 = 1.34 V
d. The power dissipate in each resistance by using equation (1) P = I×V was
calculated.
PR1 = IR1 × VR1 = (6.78×10-3) A × 6.7 V = 0.045 W
PR2 = IR2 × VR2 = (6.78×10-3) A × 13.4 V = 0.091 W
e. The total power dissipated by summing the two single dissipated powers was
calculated.
Total power dissipated:
PR1 + PR2 = 0.045 + 0.091 = 0.136 W
f. The power supply was calculated.
PS = IS × VS = (6.78×10-3) A × 20 V = 0.136 W

DISCUSSION

1. Based on experiment 1, do all the power values agree?

Agree.

2. Explain.
There are three possible formulas for calculating electrical power in a circuit. The total
energy in this experiment using three different formula is same because this using
Ohm’s law and substituting for V, I and R the formula for electrical power.

3. Is there agreement between (e) and (f)?

The law of conversation of energy requires that the power dissipated by any number of
resistance elements must equal the power supplied by the source. This fact will be
verified experimentally in this laboratory experiment.

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit.

The SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second. Electric power is usually produced
by electric generators, but can also be supplied by sources such as electric batteries. It is
generally supplied to businesses and homes by the electric power industry through an electric
power grid.

In addition, Electric power is transformed to other forms of power when electric

charges move through an electric potential (voltage) difference, which occurs in electrical
components in electric circuits. As a conclusion the objective of the experiment is to
determine the power dissipated in a resistive DC circuit is archived. If a current I flows
through a given element in your circuit, losing voltage V in the process, then the power
dissipated by that circuit element is the product of that current and voltage: P = I × V. This
power rule can be seen through the experimental data we have obtained have shown how the
power are dissipated in a resistive DC circuit.

Other than that, the second objective of the experiment is to show that this power can
be found using any one of the three methods are also archived. This is because; the
experimental data we have obtained between of the three methods are nearest and accurate.
Furthermore, during this experiment we needs to be handled with correct way and the most
important we need take precaution when using smart equipment such as multimeter and
variable DC power supply. Before starting the experiment, our recommendation are we need
to ensure that the equipment to be used are in good condition and adequate.

Lastly, our recommendation if your circuit is not properly connected, it is possible to

damage the electronic equipment used in this laboratory. Set up your circuit with the power
supply off and the output voltage turned down into zero. Do not proceed with your
experiments until your lecturer or technical staff has checked the circuit.

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

REFERENCE

BOOKS

1. Ruzairi, Herlina,Nasarudin,Anita. (2005).Pengukuran & instrumentasi elektrik. Kuala

Lumpur: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
2. Mohd Isa,et al. (2005).Electrical and electronics engineering studies form 4. Kuala
Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
3. Haji Yahya Emat. (2006). Teknologi elektrik. Selangor: IBS Buku Sdn. Bhd

INTERNET

4. J. F. Becker (2009) DC Circuits

http://www.physics.sjsu.edu/becker/physics51/dc_circuits.htm
5. W. G. Oldha (2001) power and energy in electric circuit
http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ee42/sp01/LectNotes/Lect6.PDF

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

APPENDICES
Apparatus

Picture 1 : 3 difference values of capacitors

Picture 2 : Digital Multimeter

Picture 3 : Bread Bord

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

Picture 4 : Probe

Picture 5 : DC Power Supply

APPENDIX 2

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BBP 10203 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 1

During Experiment

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