Zydus Cadila

Zydus Cadila is an innovative global pharmaceutical company
that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad

range of healthcare products. The group’s operations range from
API to formulations, animal health products and cosmeceuticals.
Headquartered in the city of Ahmedabad in India, the group has
global operations in four continents spread across USA, Europe,
Japan, Brazil, South Africa and 25 other emerging markets.
In its mission to create healthier communities globally, Zydus
Cadila delivers wide ranging healthcare solutions and value to its
customers. With over 11,000 employees worldwide, a world-class
research and development centre dedicated to discovery
research and eight state-of-the-art manufacturing plants, the
group is dedicated to improving people’s lives.
With three multi-therapy divisions and eight specialty divisions,

Zydus Cadila is one of the leading player in the Indian healthcare
industry.It is the leading player in the cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal and women's healthcare segments. The group
has strong presence in respiratory, pain management, CNS, anti-
infectives, oncology, neurosciences, dermatology and nephrology
segments.It has been able to maintain overall position and market
share through faster growing chronic / lifestyle segments. With
several new product introductions and pillar brands such as Aten,
Ocid, Deriphyllin, Pantodac, Atorva, Nucoxia, Mifegest to name a
few, Zydus Cadila is considered a tour-de-force in therapy
management and brand management.
PRODUCTS:
This company has 22 units all over INDIA. We visited the unit, situated
in Baddi.
In this unit capsules and tablets are produced.
TECHNICAL AREA:
Firstly we entered into technical area of the plant. We got each
information about the technical area by Mr. Devendra Pal.
In technical area HVAC system is used :-
 H=Heating
 V=Ventilation
 A=Aeration
 C=Conditioning
HEPA filters are used.
There is a boiler chimney. Revomax boiler is there.

WATER TANK:
 They have underground water storage of one lacs liter capacity.
 20 thousand liter water storage for daily requirements.
 2000 liter storage of demineralized water.
DOSING TANK:
Four types of dosing tanks-
1. Lime dosing tank

2. Alum dosing tank
3. Hypo dosing tank
4. Poly-aldehyde dosing tank
COLOUR CODING FOR TECHNICAL AREA:
Various colors are used to indicate various content-
 Yellow for Air

 Green for Water
 Orange for Dosing pipe line
 Dark green for Sludge recirculation line
 Saffron for Filter line
PRODUCTION AREA:
We visited this area under instruction of Mr. Prashant.
Raw Material Store-
Raw material is marked by three colors:
1. Yellow- This color coding is done for the material which is under
test.
2. Green – This color is used for approved material.
3. Red – This color is used for the material which has been
rejected.
 In production area all doors are air locked.
 6 to 30 Pascal pressure limit is used to avoid cross contamination.
 For coating of tablets there was two types of coaters-
1. One is of 350 kg capacity having diameter of 60 inch.
2. One is of 115 kg capacity having diameter of 48 inch.
TABLETS
A tablet is a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in
powder form, pressed or compacted into a solid. The excipients include
binders, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tableting;
disintegrates to ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive tract;
sweeteners or flavors to mask the taste of bad-tasting active ingredients;
and pigments to make uncoated tablets visually attractive. A coating
may be applied to hide the taste of the tablet's components, to make the
tablet smoother and easier to swallow, and to make it more resistant to
the environment, extending its shelf life.
The compressed tablet is the most popular dosage form in use today.
About two-thirds of all prescriptions are dispensed as solid dosage
forms, and half of these are compressed tablets. A tablet can be
formulated to deliver an accurate dosage to a specific site; it is usually
taken orally, but can be administered sublingually, rectally or
intravaginally.
Medicinal tablets were originally made in the shape of a disk of

whatever color their components determined, but are now made in many
shapes and colors to help users to distinguish between different
medicines that they take. Tablets are often stamped with symbols,
letters, and numbers, which enable them to be identified. Sizes of tablets
to be swallowed range from a few millimeters to about a centimeter.
Some tablets are in the shape of capsules, and are called "caplets".
Medicines to be taken orally are very often supplied in tablet form;

indeed the word tablet without qualification would be taken to refer to a
medicinal tablet. Medicinal tablets and capsules are often called pills.
Other products are manufactured in the form of tablets which are
designed to dissolve or disintegrate; e.g. cleaning and deodorizing
products.
PROPERTIES-
 Tablets can be made in virtually any shape like round, oval or

capsule shaped.
 A tablet should be an elegant product having its own identity
while being free of defects such as chips cracks, discoloration,
contamination and the like.
 It should have the chemical and physical stability to maintain its
physical attributes overtime.
 It should have the strength to withstand the rigor of mechanical
shocks encountered in its production, packaging, shipping and
dispensing.
 It must have suitable chemical stability overtime so there is no
alteration of the medicinal agents.
ADVANTAGES-
 Tablets are easy and convenient to use.

 They provide an accurately measured dosage in a convenient
portable package.
 Can be designed to protect unstable medications or disguise
unpalatable ingredients.
 Manufacturing processes and techniques can provide tablets
special properties; for example enteric coatings or sustained
release formulations.
 Large scale manufacturing is feasible in comparison
to other dosage forms. Therefore, economy can be
achieved.
 Accuracy of dose is maintained since tablet is a
solid unit dosage form.
 Longer expiry period and minimum microbial
spillage owing to lower moisture content.
 Easy to transport in bulk. Emergency supply
supplies can be carried by patients.
 Organoleptic properties (taste, appearance and
odour) are best improved by coating of tablet.
 In comparison to capsules, tablets are more
tamperproof.
DISADVANTAGES-
 Tablets cannot be used adequately in case of emergency cases

 It is difficult to convert a high dose poorly
compressible API into a tablet of suitable size for
human use.
 Difficult to formulate a drug with poor wettability,
slow dissolution into a tablet.
 Slow onset of action as compared to parenterals,
liquid orals and capsules.
 The amount of liquid drug (e.g. Vitamin E) that can be
trapped into a tablet is very less.
 Difficult to swallow for kids, terminally ill and geriatric
patients.
 Patients undergoing radiotherapy cannot swallow
tablet.
TABLET FORMULATION:
A tablet contains following ingredients-
 Diluents
 Binders and Adhesives
 Disintegrants
 Lubricants
 Antiadherents
 Glidants
 Colors
 Flavors
 Sweeteners
EQUIPMENTS USED IN MAUFACTURING TABLETS, CAPSULES

AND DRY SYRUPS-
 Tray Dryer
 Fluidized Bed Dryer
 Vacuum Dryer
 Sifter
 Rapid Mixer Granulator(R.M.G)
 Multi mill
 Tablet compression machine
 Coating pan
 Blister packing machine
 Strip packing machine
 Inspection belt
TABLET MANUFACTURING PROCESS-
Tablet Manufacturing Process in general area-

Shifting of active ingredients and excipients
Mixing in Rapid Mixer Granulator (R.M.G)
Drying in fluidized bed dryer (FBD)
Rasping in Multimill
Lubrication
Coating
Inspection
Packaging
Coating:
COATER:
HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT:

FLUIDIZED BED DRYER:
A fluidized bed is formed when a quantity of a solid particulate
substance is placed under appropriate conditions to cause the
solid/fluid mixture to behave as a fluid. This is usually achieved by
the introduction of pressurized fluid through the particulate
medium. This results in the medium then having many properties
and characteristics of normal fluids;such as the ability to free-flow
under gravity,or to be pumped using fluid type technologies. The
resulting phenomenon is called fluidization. Fluidized beds are
used for several purposes, such as fluidized bed reactors,
fluidized catalytic cracking, fluidized bed combustion, heat or
mass transfer or interface modification.
RAPID MIXER GRANULATER:

EVALUATION OF TABLETS:
Various tests are performed for evaluation of tablets. They are
below:-
1. General appearance
2. Size and shape
3. Hardness
4. Friability
5. Weight variation
6. Disintegration
7. Dissolution
TABLET DEFECTS:
 Sticking and Picking
 Roughness
 Orange peel effect
 Bridging and Filling
 Blistering
 Hazing/ Dull film
 Color variation
 Cracking
 Twinning
 Edge chipping/Erosion

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Zydus Cadila is an innovative global pharmaceutical company

that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad

With three multi-therapy divisions and eight specialty divisions,

In this unit capsules and tablets are produced.

In technical area HVAC system is used :-

HEPA filters are used.

There is a boiler chimney. Revomax boiler is there.

Four types of dosing tanks-

1. Lime dosing tank

COLOUR CODING FOR TECHNICAL AREA:

Various colors are used to indicate various content-

 Yellow for Air

Medicinal tablets were originally made in the shape of a disk of

Medicines to be taken orally are very often supplied in tablet form;

 Tablets can be made in virtually any shape like round, oval or

 Tablets are easy and convenient to use.

 Tablets cannot be used adequately in case of emergency cases

EQUIPMENTS USED IN MAUFACTURING TABLETS, CAPSULES

TABLET MANUFACTURING PROCESS-

Tablet Manufacturing Process in general area-

Mixing in Rapid Mixer Granulator (R.M.G)

Drying in fluidized bed dryer (FBD)

HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT:

substance is placed under appropriate conditions to cause the

solid/fluid mixture to behave as a fluid. This is usually achieved by

the introduction of pressurized fluid through the particulate

medium. This results in the medium then having many properties

and characteristics of normal fluids;such as the ability to free-flow

under gravity,or to be pumped using fluid type technologies. The

resulting phenomenon is called fluidization. Fluidized beds are

used for several purposes, such as fluidized bed reactors,

fluidized catalytic cracking, fluidized bed combustion, heat or

mass transfer or interface modification.

RAPID MIXER GRANULATER:

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