Instruction Manual AVTM TTR25 For TTR25 Handheld TTR Transformer Turn Ratio Test Set Catalog No. TTR25

AVTMTTR25
Rev. A
July 2005
Instruction Manual AVTM TTR25

for
TTR25 Handheld TTR
Transformer Turn Ratio Test Set
Catalog No. TTR25
High-Voltage Equipment
Read the entire manual before operating.
Aparato de Alto Voltaje

Antes de operar este producto lea este manual enteramente.
M
2621 Van Buren Ave
Norristown, PA 19403-2329
610-676-8500
www.megger.com
TTR25 Handheld TTR
Transformer Turn Ratio Test Set
Instruction Manual
Copyright Notice
Copyright 2005 by Megger. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer Notice
The information contained in this manual is believed to be adequate for the
intended use of the product. If the product or its individual instrument are used for
purposes other than those specified herein, confirmation of their validity and
suitability must be obtained from Megger. Refer to the warranty information
included at the end of this instruction manual. Specifications are subject to change
without notice.
WARRANTY
Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and

workmanship for a period of one year following shipment. Our liability is
specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at our option, defective equipment.
Equipment returned to the factory must be shipped prepaid and ins ured. This
warranty does not include batteries, lamps, or other expendable items, where the
original manufacturer's warranty shall apply. We make no other warranty. The
warranty is void in the event of abuse (failure to follow recommended operating
procedures) or failure by the customer to perform specific maintenance as
indicated in this manual.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................1
About the TTR25 ....................................................................................................................1
Electrical Theory and Practice .............................................................................................2
Applications for the TTR25 ...................................................................................................4
Upon Receipt of the TTR25 ..................................................................................................5
Safety First ..............................................................................................................................5
How to Use This Manual .......................................................................................................5
2 SAFETY ....................................................................................................................................................7
Overview..................................................................................................................................7
Safety Requirements .............................................................................................................7
Cautions and Warnings .........................................................................................................8
3 CONTROLS & CONNECTORS ...................................................................................................................9

Overview..................................................................................................................................9
Connectors ............................................................................................................................10
4 SETUP , CONNECTIONS AND OPERATION.............................................................................................11

General Instructions .............................................................................................................11
Transformers .........................................................................................................................11
Single-Phase, Two -Winding Transformers ......................................................................12
Distribution Transformers with Two Secondary Windings .............................................12
Three-Phase, Two-Winding Transformers .......................................................................16
Three-Phase, Three-Winding Transformers ....................................................................16
Current Transformers (CTs) ...............................................................................................17
General Operating Procedure ............................................................................................20
Description of Menus and Test Screens ...........................................................................20
Use with the Optional Printer..............................................................................................23
HyperTerminal Configuration .............................................................................................25
5 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ...............................................................................................27

Maintenance..........................................................................................................................27
Calibration Check .................................................................................................................27
AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

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TTR25 Functional Test........................................................................................................28
Battery Replacement ...........................................................................................................29
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................30
Error Messages ....................................................................................................................31
Repair.....................................................................................................................................33
APPENDIX A - SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................35

Electrical ................................................................................................................................35
Environmental Conditions ...................................................................................................37
Physical Data ........................................................................................................................37
Optional Accessories ...........................................................................................................38
APPENDIX B - ORDERING INFORMATION & SPARE PARTS LIST...............................................................39
APPENDIX C - CONNECTIONS AND VECTOR VOLTAGE DIAGRAMS ..........................................................41

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1-1. TTR25 Single-Phase Test Set Block Diagram ............................................................4

Figure 3-1 TTR25 Display & Control Panel .....................................................................................9
Figure 3-2 TTR25 Top Side Connector Panel ..............................................................................10
Figure 4-1 Setup for Testing Single-Phase Transformer ............................................................13
Figure 4-2 Setup for Testing Single-Phase Autotransformer .....................................................13
Figure 4-3 Setup for Testing Single-Phase, Type A Step Voltage Regulator ..........................14
Figure 4-4 Setup for Testing Single-Phase, Type B Step Voltage Regulator ..........................14
Figure 4-5 Setup for Testing X1 – X2 Winding of Distribution Transformer.............................15
Figure 4-8 Setup for Testing Unmounted Current Transformer.................................................18
Figure 4-9 Setup for Testing Taps on Multiple Tap CT...............................................................18
Figure 4-10 Setup for Testing BCT Mounted on Single -Phase Two-Winding Transformer.....19
Figure 4-11 TTR25 Opening Display Screen..................................................................................20
Figure 4-12 Start Test Screen ...........................................................................................................21
Figure 4-13 Test in Progress Screen................................................................................................22
Figure 4-14 TTR25 Test Result Screen ...........................................................................................22
Figure 4-15 Sample Test Report .......................................................................................................23
Figure 4-16 Printer Configuration Printout .......................................................................................24

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 5 -1 Troubleshooting Guide....................................................................................................30
Table 5 -2 Self-test Error Messages ................................................................................................31
Table 5 -3 Test Error Messages .......................................................................................................31
Table 5 -4 Miscellaneous Message .................................................................................................32
Table C-1 ANSI Transformer Winding Phase Relationship ........................................................42
Table C-2 ANSI Transformer Winding Phase Relationship ........................................................44
Table C-3 CEI/IEC 76-1:1993 Transformer Winding Phase Relationship................................52
Table C-4 Transformer Winding Phase Relationship (Australian Std. 2374, Part 4 - 1982) ..62

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1
INTRODUCTION
About the TTR25

The TTR25 Handheld TTR® Test Set is a fully automatic, self-checking, self-
calibrating unit. The test set measures the turn ratio, excitation current, and
phase displacement (polarity) of single- and three-phase (phase by phase)
distribution transformers, as well as power, potential and current transformers.
The TTR25 Handheld TTR® Test Set is powered by six AA-size disposable
alkaline batteries. The test set is a portable instrument housed in a sturdy plastic
case. A carrying case with strap and an accessory pouch is provided with the test
set.
The test set can be used to test single-phase and three-phase transformers, both
with and without taps in accordance with the requirements of the IEEE C57.12.90
– 1997 standards. For three-phase transformers, the test set is connected to
each of the three phases of the transformer to be tested, and measurements are
made on a phase by phase basis.
Turn ratio, phase displacement (polarity), and excitation current are displayed on
a large LCD. Transformer excitation current helps to detect transformer shorted
turns or an unequal number of turns connected in parallel. Operating condition
(error) messages identify incorrect test connections, abnormal operating
condition, or winding problems. Test results can be printed out on an optional
printer.
Features include:
§ Fully automatic operation.

§ Self-checking at power-up.
§ Self-calibration at each measurement.
§ User-friendly, one button operation.
§ Test turn ratio, excitation current, and phase displacement (polarity).

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§ Easy measuring of single and three phase (phase by phase) transformers, as

well as potential & current transformers.
§ Checking reverse test lead or winding connections at start of each test.
§ External optional printer records test data.
§ Three automatically selected excitation test voltages: 8 V, 1.5 V, and 0.5 V.
§ Testing to ANSI, IEC and Australian standards.
§ Leads marked to ANSI, IEC and Australian standards.
§ Choice of seven languages
§ Large, easy-to-read LCD shows alphanumeric data
§ Meets the requirements of both the European EMC and Low Voltage Directives
(CE mark).
§ Trouble -free operation in switchyards under electrostatic and magnetic
interference conditions.
Electrical Theory and Practice
How the TTR25 Works
The TTR25 test set provides the excitation voltage to the input of the transformer.
It accurately measures both the H-side and X-side voltages to calculate turns
ratio. The TTR also measures phase displacement (polarity) between primary
and secondary windings of a transformer, and transformer excitation current.
Transformer Turns Ratio
Transformer Turns Ratio is the ratio of the number of turns in the high voltage
winding to that in the low voltage winding. Transformer ratio can change due to
several factors, including physical damage from faults, deteriorated insulation,
contamination and shipping damage.
A Transformer Turns Ratio Test Set such as the TTR25 can directly measure the
turns ratio of single -phase transformers as well as three-phase transformers.
Deviations in these measurements will quickly indicate problems in transformer
windings and in the magnetic core circuits. If a transformer ratio deviates more
than 0.5 percent from the rated voltage ratio, it may not operate reliably. To
measure small ratio changes such as this, the accuracy of a Megger TTR25 is
needed.
Excitation Current
The TTR25 is capable of measuring exciting current by applying voltage to one of

the transformer’s windings. An accurate measurement of exciting current can

2
INTRODUCTION
provide information about the condition of a transformer’s core. Unwanted

circulating currents, unintentional grounds or even an incipient short circuit can
affect the exciting current and indicate a problem.
Transformer Polarity
Polarity of a distribution transformer becomes of interest in order to determine its

proper connection within a power network. The Megger TTR25 will identify
normal (in phase) and reverse polarity of the single -phase transformers.
A block diagram of TTR25 is shown in Figure 1-1. The excitation voltage

oscillator applies a 55-Hz test voltage to a transformer under test. There are
three test voltages: 0.5 V, 1.5 V, and 8 V used for transformer testing. Test
voltage selection is based on excitation current required. The required test
voltage is selected automatically.
Input and output transformer voltages are applied to conditioning circuitry. This
circuitry improves signal-to-noise ratio of the test signal, and provides full voltage
range of the test signals at A/D converter inputs.
A/D converter is used to convert the analog measurement signals to their digital
replica. The converted output digital signals are applied to CPLD (complex
programmable logic device) and then are transferred to microprocessor.
The microprocessor is the main part of the TTR test set. It provides proper timing
sequence of operation, gathers and calculates the test result, and interfaces with
peripherals. There are three main peripherals in the TTR25 test set:
RS-232/Printer port, LCD and keypad.
DC power supply converts the primary battery voltage, six Energizer® X91 AA-
alkaline batteries, 9 V (nominal), 3135 mAh nominal capacity, into the secondary
DC voltages required for proper operation of the TTR25 test set.

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Transformer
Under Test Input/Output
Signal
Conditioning
Circuitry
Exc. Voltage
Oscillator
A/D
MICROPROCESSOR CPLD Converter
RS232/Printer
128 x 64 LCD Keypad DC Power
Port
Supply
Figure 1-1.TTR25 Test Set Block Diagram
Applications for the TTR25

The proper operation of a transformer relies almost entirely on the electrical
properties of its windings. To ensure continued proper operation, transformers
are tested to verify that their electrical properties have not changed from design
specifications. A TTR is an extremely useful instrument for testing transformer
windings because it can help locate several types of problems within single - and
three-phase transformers.
It is used to determine the no-load accuracy of CTs and PTs and also determine
the need to further test faulty CTs and PTs.
The TTR25 applies voltage to the high-voltage winding of a transformer and

accurately measures the resulting voltage from the low voltage winding. The ratio
of voltages is directly proportional to turns ratio. In addition, the unit measures
excitation current and polarity.

4
INTRODUCTION
Upon Receipt of the TTR25

Check the equipment received against the packing list to ensure that all materials
are present. Notify Megger of any shortage.
Telephone 610-676-8500.
Examine the instrument for damage received in transit. If any damage is

discovered, file a claim with the carrier at once and notify Megger or its nearest
authorized sales representative, giving a detailed description of the damage.
This instrument has been thoroughly tested and inspected to meet rigid
specifications before being shipped. It is ready for use when set up as indicated
in this manual.
Safety First
Be sure to read the safety information in Chapter 2 thoroughly and observe all
safety precautions and recommendations.
How to Use This Manual

Typographic Conventions
G CAUTION
Cautions alert you to possible damage to equipment.
F
WARNING
Warnings alert you to conditions that are potentially
hazardous to people.
NOTE: Notes provide important information.

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2
SAFETY
Overview
The TTR25 must be used on de-energized transformers. Howe ver, the
transformer to which the test set is connected is a possible source of high-
voltage electrical energy and all persons making or assisting in tests must use all
practical safety precautions to prevent contact with potentially energized parts of
the transformer and related circuits. Persons actually engaged in the test must
stand clear of all parts of the complete high-voltage circuit, including all
connections, unless the test set is de-energized and all parts of the test circuit
are grounded. Persons not directly involved with the work must be kept away
from test activities by suitable barriers, barricades, or warnings.
Treat all terminals of high-voltage power equipment as a potential electric shock

hazard. There is always the possibility of voltages being induced at these
terminals because of proximity to energized high-voltage lines or equipment.
Always disconnect test leads from power equipment before attempting to
disconnect them at the test set. The ground connection must be the first made
and the last removed. Any interruption of the grounding connection can create an
electric shock hazard.
Any repair or component replacement must be performed by qualified service

personnel.
Safety Requirements
Megger has made formal safety reviews of the initial design and any subsequent
changes. This procedure is followed for all new products and covers areas in
addition to those included in applicable standards. Regardless of these efforts, it
is not possible to eliminate all hazards from electrical test equipment. For this
reason, every effort has been made to point out in this instruction manual the
proper procedures and precautions to be followed by the user in operating this
equipment and to mark the equipment itself with precautionary warnings where
appropriate. It is not possible to foresee every hazard that may occur in the
various applications of this equipment. It is therefore essential that the user, in

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addition to following the safety rules in this manual, also carefully consider all
safety aspects of the test before proceeding.
§ Safety is the responsibility of the user.

§ Follow your company safety procedures.
§ Misuse of this equipment can be extremely dangerous.
§ The purpose of this equipment is limited to use as described in this manual. Do
not use the equipment or its accessories with any device other than specifically
described.
§ Never connect the test set to energized equipment.
§ Do not use the test set in an explosive atmosphere.
§ Corrective maintenance must only be performed by qualified personnel who are
familiar with the construction and operation of the test set and the hazards
involved.
§ Refer to IEEE 510 - 1983, IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-
Voltage and High-Power Testing, for additional information.
If the test equipment is operated properly and all grounds correctly made, test
personnel need not wear rubber gloves. As a routine safety procedure, however,
some users require that rubber gloves be worn, not only when making
connections to the high-voltage terminals, but also when manipulating the
controls. Megger considers this an excellent safety practice.
Users of equipment should note that high-voltage discharges and other sources
of strong electric or magnetic field may interfere with the proper functioning of
heart pacemakers. Persons with heart pacemakers should obtain expert advice
on the possible risks before operating this equipment or being close to the
equipment during operation.
Cautions and Warnings

Warning and caution notices are used throughout this manual where applicable
and should be strictly observed.

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3
CONTROLS & CONNECTORS
Overview
The TTR25 is a simple, push-to-test instrument with few buttons and controls. It
has no menus except for a print button and language selection.
Contrast This knob adjusts the viewing resolution of the screen.

Backlight A momentary depression of the switch will either activate or
de-activate the backlight. It will remain ON for a period of
three minutes without activity.
Power ON Switch Depressing this switch momentarily will active the TTR25.
Power OFF Switch Depressing this switch momentarily will de-active the
TTR25.
DISPLAY SCREEN LCD displays menus and test information.
KEYPAD 4-button keypad for entering menu selections and
navigating through the various screens.
Display Screen
CONTRAST
Back Light switch

Power OFF switch
Keypad
Power ON switch
Figure 3-1 TTR25 Display & Control Panel

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Connectors
PRINTER
TEST CABLE
Figure 3-2 TTR25 Top Side Connector Panel
TEST CABLE Plug receptacle for connecting test leads to the

high-voltage (H) and low-voltage (X) windings of a
transformer. The plug and receptacle are keyed
to prevent the cable from being inserted
incorrectly, and to make certain that the correct
cable is used.
RS-232/PRINTER A DB-9 male connector for connecti ng a printer or

to upload data in real time to a PC (using
HyperTerminal).

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4
SETUP, CONNECTIONS AND OPERATION
General Instructions
When testing high-voltage transformers, caution must be used at all times and all
safety precautions followed. Read and understand all safety information
contained in Section 2, Safety.
WARNING
Ensure that the transformer to be tested is completely de-energized.

Check every winding. Ensure that all terminals of the transformer are
disconnected from line or load at the transformer. For some
F
transformers, connections to ground may be left in place.
Never interchange connections between the high- and low-voltage

transformer terminals. Failure to observe proper connections will result
in a safety hazard and may result in damage to the test set or
transformer.
Check that a lead set connected is labeled for TTR25 test set operation.
The TTR25 has been designed to test a variety of transformers, such as: Single
phase, Three phase (one phase at a time), CTs, PTs and Voltage Regulators.
Do not leave the TTR25 test set exposed below -20 0C or above 55 0C for more
than 2 hours. Such conditions will lead to shortened service life of batteries.
When storing the TTR25 at temperatures below -20 0C or above 55 0C, remove
the batteries. See Battery Replacement for detail.
Transformers
The setup and connection instructions pertaining to ratio, polarity, and phase
relation assume that the transformer under test, connections, and terminal
markings comply with the requirements of ANSI C57.12.70-1978 American
National Standards Terminal Markings and Connections for Distribution and
Power Transformers. The H leads of the test cable are the exciting leads.

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The TTR25 may supply up to 100 mA of excitation current. The TTR25 will
automatically select the appropriate test voltage (8 V, 1.5 V, or 0.5 V) when
testing transformers.
Single-Phase, Two-Winding Transformers

Perform the following setup procedure for single-phase, two-winding
transformers:
1. Connect the test lead set to the TEST CABLE receptacle of the TTR25
test set. Make sure that the connector is fully engaged into the receptacle.
2. Connect the clips marked H1 and H2 of the test lead to the corresponding
(high-voltage winding) terminals of the transformer under test.
3. Connect the clips marked X1, X2 of the test lead to the corresponding
(low-voltage winding) terminals of the transformer under test. Figures 4-1
and 4-2 show test setups for single -phase transformers. Figures 4-3 and
4-4 show test setups for voltage regulators.
NOTE: When properly connected, expect that polarity of the windings is

normal (“+” sign is displayed in front of the turns ratio test
result).
If the sign is "-", then check the lead connections.
Distribution Transformers with Two Secondary Windings

The TTR25 may test the turn ratios of distribution transformer secondary
windings (one at a time). Perform the following setup procedure for single-phase
distribution transformer with two secondary windings:
1. Connect the test lead set to the TEST CABLE receptacle of the TTR25
test set. Make sure that the connector is fully engaged into the receptacle.
2. Connect the clips marked H1 and H2 of the test lead to the corresponding
3. When testing X1-X2 winding, connect, respectively, the clips marked X1

and X2 of the test lead to the X1 and X2 terminals of the transformer
under test. Expect that polarity of the windings is normal (“+” sign is
displayed in front of the turns ratio test result). ). See Figure 4-5.
4. When testing X3-X2 winding, connect the X1 clip to X3 transformer

terminal, and connect the X2 clip to X2 transformer terminal. Expect that

12
Setup, Connections & Operation
polarity of the windings is reversed (“-” sign is displayed in front of the

turns ratio test result). See Figure 4-6.
5. When testing full secondary winding (X1 – X3), connect X1 clip to X1

terminal, connect X2 clip to X3 terminal. Remove the ground connection to
X2 transformer terminal before starting the test. Expect that polarity of the
windings is normal (“+” sign is displayed in front of the turns ratio test
result). See Figure 4-7.
TTR25
Figure 4-1 Setup for Testing Single-Phase Transformer
TTR25
Figure 4-2 Setup for Testing Single-Phase Autotransformer

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TTR25
Figure 4-3 Setup for Testing Single-Phase, Type A (Straight Design) Step Voltage Regulator
TTR25
Figure 4-4 Setup for Testing Single-Phase, Type B (Inverted Design) Step Voltage Regulator

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H1 LEAD
H1 X1 X1 LEAD
TTR25
X2 LEAD
X2
H2
H2 LEAD X3
Figure 4-5 Setup for Testing X1 – X2 Winding of Distribution Transformer

(H2 and X2 Grounded)
H1 LEAD
H1 X1
X2 LEAD
TTR25
X2
H2
X1 LEAD
H2 LEAD X3

(H2 and X2 Grounded)
H1 LEAD
H1 X1 X1 LEAD
TTR25
X2 Remove Ground
H2 Connection
H2 LEAD X3 X2 LEAD

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Three-Phase, Two-Winding Transformers

Perform the following setup procedure for three-phase, two -winding transformers:
1. Connect the test cables to the test set.
2. Connect the clips marked H1 and H2 of the test lead to the phase being tested
3. Connect the clips marked X1 and X2 of the test lead to the phase being tested
(low-voltage winding) terminals of the transformer under test.
WARNING
F Never interchange connections between the high- and

low-voltage transformer terminals. Failure to observe
proper connections will result in a safety hazard and
may result in damage to the test set or transformer.
The unused H0 and X0 terminals of the transformer should be kept clear of
ground and personnel because they could become energized during the test.
With wye connected windings, a neutral connection is normally available.
Note: According to Australian standard, wye and delta transformer

winding connections have a numerical suffix of 1 and 2. The
zigzag transformers have a numerical suffix of 4. See Table
C-4 in Appendix C.
Three-Phase, Three-Winding Transformers

This type of transformers has primary, secondary and tertiary windings. Primary
and secondary windings are tested as a regular three-phase, two-winding
transformer. To test tertiary winding, perform the following setup procedure:
1. Connect the test cables to the test set.
2. Connect the clips marked H1 and H2 of the test lead to the phase being tested
3. Connect the clips marked X1 and X2 of the test lead to the corresponding
tertiary phase being tested (low-voltage winding) terminals (Y1 and Y2) of the
transformer under test.

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WARNING
F
Never interchange connections between the high- and
low-voltage transformer terminals. Failure to observe
proper connections will result in a safety hazard and
may result in damage to the test set or transformer.
With wye connected windings, a neutral connection is normally available.
Current Transformers (CTs)

Connections to CTs are made backwards compared to power, distribution or
potential transformers. The H terminals on the test lead set must be connected to
the X terminals on the CT; and the X terminals on the test lead set must be
connected to the H terminals on the CT.
NOTE: Dots on the housing of the transformer are commonly used to

identify terminals of the same polarity.
WARNING
F Failure to observe proper connections will result in a safety hazard and

may result in damage to the test set or CT. Failure to observe voltage
rating of low-current X winding may result in damage to the CT.
NOTES:
1. The TTR25 may supply up to 100 mA of excitation current. The TTR25
will automatically select the appropriate test voltage (8 V, 1.5 V, or 0.5
V) when testing CTs. Some current transformers with turn ratio of 50:5
and less may require more than 100 mA of excitation current when
excited from 0.5 V source. These CTs can not be tested with the TTR25.
2. Expect that polarity of the windings is normal (“+” sign is displayed in
front of the turns ratio test result).
Unmounted CTs
NOTE: The illustrated connection diagrams are provided as connection guides

and do not suggest the physical location of the bushings / terminals of the device
being tested.
Figure 4-8 shows the setup for testing unmounted current transformers.
Figure 4-9 shows the setup for testing the taps on a multiple-tap CT.

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Figure 4-8 Setup for Testing Unmounted Current Transformer
TTR 25
Figure 4-9 Setup for Testing Taps on Multiple Tap CT

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Bushing Current Transformer (BCT) Mounted on Single-Phase, Two-

Winding Transformer
A turn-ratio test can be performed on a BCT after it has been mounted on a

circuit breaker or power transformer entrance bushing. The test can be
performed without removal of the BCT from the equipment. Connect the TTR25
to BCT as shown in Figure 4-10.
NOTES:
1. Expect that polarity of the windings is normal (“+” sign is displayed

in front of the turns ratio test result).
2. A jumper lead is not supplied with the TTR25.
Figure 4-10 Setup for Testing BCT Mounted on Single-Phase Two -Winding Transformer

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General Operating Procedure

Proceed only after reading and fully understanding Section 2, Safety, and setting
up the test set as described. An operator who is familiar with the contents of this
manual, the test setup, and the operation of the test set may follow the
condensed operating instructions provided with the test set.
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
(Removal of Test Voltage from device being tested.)
Press RED KEY on the keypad to terminate test.
Description of Menus and Test Screens

Data shown on the menus and test screens in Figures 5-1 through 5 -4 are for
illustrative purposes only. The TTR25 test set menus and test screens are
operated by using the keypad. On power up, the test set performs a self-test
check, and all hardware and software variables are initialized.
Opening Display Screen
The LCD displays the opening screen (Figure 4-11) as the test set performs a
diagnostic self-check of the electronics.
MEGGER
TRANSFORMER
TURN-RATIO TEST SET
TTR25
VERSION : 1.01
SELF-TEST IN PROGRESS
COPYRIGHT 2005
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Figure 4-11 TTR25 Opening Display Screen
If at power-up self-testing any errors are detected, one of the error messages
listed in the ERROR MESSAGES section will be displayed on the screen.

20
If no errors are detected, the screen showing a battery charge level, in % of full
charge, is displayed for 3 sec. If battery level is above 10 %, the START TEST
screen (Figure 4-12) appears.
If battery level is below 10 %, the message “BATTERY LEVEL:LOW, APPR.1HR

OF OPERATION REMAINING…” appears on the screen for 3 sec. A customer
may continue testing of transformers. The remaining battery capacity is enough
for approximately one hour of operation.
If battery level is below 5%, the message “REPLACE BATTERY! UNIT WILL
TURN OFF” appears on the screen. In 10 sec. the TTR25 shuts down. Replace
the batteries (six AA-size disposable alkaline batteries) before further attempting
to initiate the TTR25 operation.
Start Test Screen
After a successful self-test check, the START TEST screen (Figure 4-12)
appears.
-- CONNECT TEST LEADS

TO TRANSFORMER,
-- ? TO START TEST
8 TO CHANGE LANGUAGE
Figure 4-12 Start Test Screen
Pressing 8 allows a choice of six languages: English, French, Spanish,

Portuguese, German and Italian. Additionally, if Portuguese is selected, a
customer may select Portugal or Brazil version of the language.
When ? is pressed on a keypad, the test starts and the TEST IN PROGRESS
screen (Figure 4-13) appears.

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Test in Progress Screen
Figure 4-13 shows the TEST IN PROGRESS screen.
TEST IN PROGRESS…
PRESS RED BUTTON FOR

EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
Figure 4-13 Test in Progress Screen

If during testing a n abnormal condition is detected, one of the error messages
listed in the ERROR MESSAGES section is displayed on the screen.
In case of emergency, press the red button on keypad. It will turn TTR25 OFF.
After emergency situation is gone, turn power ON (green button) to start TTR25
operation.
Test Result Screen
At the completion of the test, the TEST RESULTS screen (Figure 4-14) appears.
TEST RESULTS
TEST VOLTAGE: 1.5 V
TURNS RATIO: +12.735
EXC. CURRENT: 34 µA
“8 “ TO PRINT
“ ? “ FOR NEW TEST
Figure 4-14 TTR25 Test Result Screen

The TEST RESULTS screen displays the test voltage used for the test, the
measured turns ratio, the tested winding polarity (“+” for in phase or normal
polarity, and ”-“ for out of phase or reversed polarity), and the tested winding
excitation current.
From this screen, the test results may be printed out on the optional printer
connected to RS232/PRINTER port of the TTR25.
To repeat the test or to start a new one, press the ? button on a keypad.

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Use with the Optional Printer

If you are using the optional printer, plug the printer cable supplied into the
RS232/PRINTER receptacle on the TTR25 test set and turn it on. A separate
manual is supplied with the printer. Refer to it for specific information about how
to connect, operate, and care for the printer.
NOTE: TTR25 should be turned on before turning on a printer.
Header information and test results may be printed from the test results screen
MEGGER
TTR25 TRANSFORMER TURN RATIO TESTER
CATALOG NO. TTR25
TRANSFORMER ID:
TTR S/N:
COMMENTS:
TEST RESULTS
TEST VOLTAGE: 8.0 V

TURNS RATION:+69.966
EXC.CURRENT:96.4µA
TEST RESULTS
TEST VOLTAGE: 8.0 V

TURNS RATION:+79.966
EXC.CURRENT:94.4µA
Figure 4-15 Sample Test Report

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Configuration
To print a paper copy of the existing printer settings:
While holding down the "On-Line" switch, turn on the printer. The following list
will print (factory default settings shown).
Figure 4-16 Printer Configuration Printout

24
If you want to leave the settings as they are, press the "FEED" switch.
If you need to change a setting, press the "ON LINE" switch to enter the
reconfiguration mode. For each group of switches, press the "FEED" switch if all
the settings are okay. Press the "ON LINE" switch if a setting needs to be
changed. At an individual setting, press the "FEED" switch if it is okay and press
"ON LINE" to change that setting.
To change printer language, see page 18 in the Printer Manual.
HyperTerminal Configuration
The following is the HyperTerminal configuration:
Baud: 19,200
Data Bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop Bits: 1
Flow Control: None

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26
5
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
Maintenance
Maintenance should be performed only by qualified persons familiar with the
hazards involved with high-voltage test equipment. Read and understand Section
2, Safety, before performing any service.
The TTR25 test set is sturdily constructed and requires no periodic mainte nance.
Routine maintenance is all that is required for the TTR test sets. Inspect the
cable assemblies occasionally to ensure they are in good condition.
The appearance of the TTR test set can be maintained by occasionally cleaning
the case, panel and cable assemblies. Clean the outside of the carrying case
with detergent and water. Dry with a clean, dry cloth. Clean the control panel with
a cloth dampened with detergent and water. Do not allow water to penetrate
panel holes, because damage to components on the underside may result. An
all-purpose, household spray cleaner can be used to clean the panel. Polish with
a soft, dry cloth, taking care not to scratch the display screen cover. Clean the
cables and mating panel receptacles with isopropyl or denatured alcohol applied
with a clean cloth.
Calibration Check
A complete performance and calibration check should be made at least once
every year. This will ensure that the TTR25 test set is functioning and calibrated
properly over the entire measurement range. The TTR25 calibration is performed
on each new or repaired unit before sending it to a customer. There is a special
TTR25 final calibration procedure which requires a NIST-traceable test
equipment to be used. As a result of such calibration procedure, each TTR25
may be NIST certified.
To check the TTR25 calibration at a customer site or in the field, the Megger
Calibration Standard Cat.No550055 or equivalent standard should be used. To
perform a quick simplified calibration check, the Megger Calibration Standard
CatNo550555 may be used. The last standard has eleven switchable turn ratio
settings which cover the turns ratio range from 1:1 to 2000:1. Using these
Calibration Standards will confirm proper calibration of TTR25.

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TTR25 Functional Test

A customer may want to make sure that the test set is functioning properly before
testing a transformer. Traditionally, for the transformer turns ratio testers, a
customer performed this test by connecting H1-X1 and H2-X2 test leads. The 1:1
turns ratio was expected to be measured. Additionally, the displayed test results
were interpreted as a test set calibration check.
TTR25 test set is designed and optimized for the transformer turns ratio testing. It
uses a mixed analog-digital technique to provide the accurate readings of the
tested transformer turns ratio. The test set measurement approach is based on
high impedance input and output transformer voltage monitoring circuits. The
high impedance of the monitoring circuits is optimized for the accurate
transformer turns ratio testing.
When performing a TTR25 functional test, the H and X test leads interconnect
the input and output monitoring circuits without a transformer being connected.
Such connection cause an impedance mismatch and, as a result of the
mismatch, the displayed turns ratio reading is not exactly 1:1 as it may be
expected. A customer should be aware that a functional test is not a real
transformer turns ratio test. Due to the intrinsic and inevitable impedance
mismatching, the TTR25 functional test readings may be from 0.9980 to 1.0020.
The TTR25 functional test readings do not represent the TTR25 calibration. It
simply shows that the TTR25 test set circuitry functions properly. To check the
TTR25 calibration, a customer should use the Calibration Standards mentioned
in the Calibration section of the manual.
To perform a TTR25 functional test proceed as follows:
1. Turn TTR25 power on (green button on a keypad).
2. Connect H1 lead to X1 lead, and H2 lead to X2 lead.
3. After self-test is complete and start test screen appears, press ? to start
testing.
NOTE: This is not a 1:1 ratio calibration check due to different

impedances between the instrument's H-side circuitry
and X-side circuitry.
WARNING
F Keep the leads, which are energized, clear of ground

and personnel.
4. Turn ratio reading on the test results screen should be from +0.9980 to
+1.0020.

28
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Battery Replacement
TTR25 test set is powered up from six AA-size disposable alkaline batteries. A
battery holder (contained six batteries) is installed in a battery compartment on
the back side of the instrument housing. The compartment door is fixed to the
housing by two screws.
To replace the batteries proceed as follows:
1. Remove the battery compartment door.
2. Lift up a battery holder from the compartment. Unplug a battery strap.
3. Replace all six batteries by the new ones. Use AA-size disposable alkaline
batteries only. Observe the proper polarity of the batteries. A negative battery
terminal (flat bottom portion of battery) should be placed agains t a battery
holder spring. The batteries should be installed in series. See a battery holder
for proper polarity and battery installation orientation.
4. Connect a battery strap back to the battery holder. Install the battery holder
into the compartment.
5. Replace the battery compartment door and secure it with screws.
6. Turn on TTR25. It should display the opening screen, then the battery level
screen. The battery level displayed depends on many factors including type of
battery installed, battery manufacturing date, battery storing conditions, etc. In
average, the new battery level displayed should be above 80 %.
NOTE: The TTR25 is delivered with high-capacity (3135 mAh)

"Titanium" batteries installed. The specified operating
time of 12 hours is based on using these high-capacity
batteries or equivalent.

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Troubleshooting
The Troubleshooting Guide, Table 5-1, is arranged to help you evaluate the
reasons for TTR25 test set malfunction. The table lists possible TTR25 test set
malfunctions which may be encountered during operation and lists possible
causes. Electronic circuit repairs should not be attempted in the field. Refer to
Repair section. Refer to Appendix B for a list of spare parts.
Table 5-1 Troubleshooting Guide
MALFUNCTION POSSIBLE CAUSE
Battery is discharged.
Display stays blank after POWER
CONTRAST potentiometer not adjusted.
switch is turned on.
Defective display or electronics.
Any error message on the screens See ERROR MESSAGES section
Defective test leads (open circuit, poor connection).
Problem in test specimen (poor connection).
Problem in TTR25 measuring circuit.

Test results erratic
Incorrect connection of leads.
Incorrect marking of a transformer.
Defective transformer.
Printer power not turned on.
Printer battery discharged.

Can not obtain printout when printer is
connected.
Problem in TTR25 printer interface electronics.
Printer cable is defective or is a null-modem cable.

30
Error Messages
All TTR25 error messages are divided by 3 categories: self-test error messages,
test error messages, and miscellaneous error messages.
The self-test error messages may appear on the opening screen during power-up
self-test procedure. The Table 5-2 below shows the messages.
Table 5-2 Self-test Error Messages
Error Message Description of error and action required
UNIT INOPERATIVE One of the power supply voltages is too low,

or A/D converter is not working for the
reference oscillator. Contact the factory for
repair.
REPLACE BATTERY! The remaining battery capacity is less than 5

UNIT WILL TURN OFF %. Unit will turn off in 10 sec. Replace all six
batteries. After the batteries are replaced,
continue testing.
The test error messages may appear on the screens during testing of
transformer. The Table 5-3 below shows the messages.
Table 5-3 Test Error Messages

REPLACE BATTERY! The remaining battery capacity is less than 5 %.

UNIT WILL TURN OFF Unit will turn off in 10 sec. Replace all six
batteries. After the batteries are replaced,
continue testing.
EXC.CURRENT TOO Excitation current is higher than 100 mA. Check

HIGH for any wrong test cable connections or
transformer winding shorts.

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CHECK CONNECTIONS The test leads are not properly connected to

transformer. Connect the leads properly.
Test lead(s) is open. Contact the factory for

repair.
Transformer winding(s) is open. Fix the problem

before continuing the test.
CONNECTIONS H and X test lead connections are reversed.

REVERSED Connect H and X test leads properly.
TURN RATIO >20,000 The tested turns ratio is higher than 20,000:1.
Causes test to stop. Check for bad or open test
lead connections.
Transformer winding(s) is open. Fix the problem

before continuing the test.
TURN RATIO < 0.8 The tested turns ratio is less than 0.8:1. Causes
test to stop. Check for bad or shorted test lead
connections.
Transformer has a winding turn(s) shorted. Fix

the problem before continuing the test.
UNIT NOT CALIBRATED Tested turns ration is not calibrated. Contact

factory for possible problem(s).
The miscellaneous error message may appear on the screens during printing
functions. The Table 5-4 below shows the message.
Table 5-4 Miscellaneous Message

Error Description of error and action required
Message
PRINT There was an error during printing a report. Try again. See
ERROR Table 5.1. If failed, contact the factory for repair.
When an error message appears on a screen indicating an abnormal operating

condition, verify the condition by taking a repeat measurement before attempting

32
to take any corrective action. Also, refer to the Troubleshooting section for
malfunctions and possible causes.
Open connections, wrong connections, open windings, shorted windings, high

resistance windings, other abnormal transformer problems, or a combination of
these may cause a large deviation from nominal turn ratio or indicate an unusual
message. The unusual operating conditions may be caused by an abnormal
leakage reactance or capacitive coupling within the transformer windings.
Repair
Megger offers a complete repair and calibration service and recommends that its
customers take advantage of this service in the event of equipment malfunction.
Contact your Megger representative for instructions and a return authorization
(RA) number. Equipment returned for repair should be shipped prepaid and
insured and marked for the attention of the Repair Department. Please indicate
all pertinent information including problem symptoms and attempted repairs. The
catalog number and serial number of the test set should also be specified. Pack
the TTR test set, including all cables, in a carton (original shipping carton if
available) with adequate dunnage in accordance with best commercial practice.
Seal the carton with waterproof tape.
Ship to: Megger

Attn: Repair Dept, RMA #
Valley Forge Corporate Center
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403 USA
or
Megger
Attn: Repair Dept, RMA #
Archcliffe Road
Dover CT 17 9EN
44(0) 1304-502-101

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34
Appendix A
SPECIFICATIONS
Electrical
Type of Power
Six AA-size disposable alkaline batteries
12 hrs of continuous field operation when new Energizer® X91 batteries or

equivalent (with average capacity of 3135 mAh) are used
Pollution Degree
TTR25 is designed for Pollution Degree II
Environmental Protection
Dust and shower protection to IP54
Output Test Voltage and Current
3 test voltages, auto matically selected: 8V rms, 1.5V rms or 0.5V rms
Test current: up to 100 mA
Test Frequency
55Hz, internally generated providing a universal 50 / 60 Hz test set.
Loading of Test Transformer
Less than 0.1 VA

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Measuring Ranges
Turn ratio: 0.8:1 to 20,000:1, 5 digit resolution
Current: 0 to 100 mA, 4 digit resolution
Transformer Polarity: NORMAL (in phase) or REVERSE (out of phase)
Accuracy
Turn ratio: ±0.1% (0.8 to 2000)
±0.15% (2001 to 4000)
±0.25% (4001 to 10,000)
±0.50% (10,001 to 20,000)
Current (rms): ±(2% of reading + 1 digit)
Measurement Method
In accordance with ANSI/IEEE C57.12.90
Transformer Winding Phase Relationship
ANSI C57.12.70-1978
CEI/IEC 76-1:1993 and Publication 616:1978
AS-2374, Part 4-1982 (Australian Standard)
Measuring Time
4 sec for turns ratio, excitation current, and phase displacement (polarity) testing.
Display
Wide temperature range LCD module, 128 x 64 dots, 21 characters by 8 lines.

36
Appendix A
Interface
Printer port: DB-9 male connector
Cable used: 9-pin D-type connectors, standard extension

female-female RS232 cable (for TTR25 to a PC
connection. The cable is not included in accessory
supplied);
9-pin D-type connectors, null modem female-male

RS232 cable (for the optional serial printer
connection. The cable is included in optional
printer package)
Data exchange up to 57.6 Kbaud for the field firmware upgrading

rate: and 19.2 Kbaud for test report printing on the
optional serial printer
Environmental Conditions
Operating temperature -15 to 55 °C (5° to 130°F)
range:
Storage temperature -50 to 60 °C (-60° to 140°F)

range:
Relative humidity: to 90% noncondensing (operating)
95% noncondensing (storage)
Physical Data
Dimensions: (240 x 115 x 50 mm) (H x W x D)
9.5 x 4.5 x 1.9 in.
Weight
Test Set: 890 g (1.9 lbs.)
with Leads 1.4 kg (3.1 lbs.)

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Optional Accessories
§ Battery/line-powered serial thermal printer package for 120 V ac

(p/n 35755-1). The package includes the thermal printer, a battery pack, an AC
adapter and an interface cable.
§ Battery/line-powered serial thermal printer package for 230 V ac

(p/n 35755-2). The package includes the thermal printer, a battery pack, an AC
adapter and interface cable.
§ Test cable, 12 ft (3.6 m) for single phase transformer testing, shielded, heavy-
duty clip-end terminated, (p/n 35942). The leads are marked according to ANSI,
IEC, and Australian Standards.
§ Additional printer paper, one roll, (p/n 26999)
§ USB Serial Adapter (p/n 35871) for connecting a TTR25 RS232 port to a PC
USB port. The adapter is used if a PC does not have an RS232 port.
§ Battery Replacement (six required) p/n 35956

38
Appendix B
ORDERING INFORMATION & SPARE PARTS LIST
Ordering Information
Item Cat. No.
TTR25 Transformer Turns Ratio Test Set TTR25
Included Accessories
Canvas carrying bag and Accessory Pouch 55-20008
Battery ( six AA-size disposable alkaline batteries included) 35956

TTR25 Lead Set, 1.8 m (6 ft) 35938
Instruction manual AVTMTTR25

Optional Accessories
Battery/line-powered, serial, thermal-printer package, 120 V ac 35755-1
Battery/line-powered, serial, thermal-printer package, 230 V ac 35755-2

RS232 cable for connecting to a PC (for firmware upgrading) 33147-18
TTR25 Lead Set, 3.6 m (12 ft) 35942
TTR25 Lead Set, 6 m (20 ft) 36013
Semi-hard fabric transport case 35788

Battery replacement (six required) 35956
Additional printer paper, 1 roll 26999
USB Serial adapter 35871
Certificate of calibration CERT-NIST

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Spare Parts
Item Megger Part Number
Battery door 55-20003

Knob, CONTRAST 55-20004
Battery replacement (six required) 35956
TTR25 Lead Set, 1.8 m (6 ft) 35938
TTR25 Lead Set, 3.6 m (12 ft) 35942

TTR25 Lead Set, 6 m (20 ft) 36013
Additional printer paper, 1 roll 26999
Battery Holder EV22410-006

40
Appendix C
Connections and Vector Voltage Diagrams
Table C-1 and C-2 show winding diagrams for standard transformers and
nonstandard transformers for power and distribution transformers marked in
accordance with the ANSI standard. Table C-3 shows winding diagrams for
power transformers marked in accordance with the CEI/IEC standard, and Table
C-4 shows winding diagrams for power transformers marked in accordance with
the Australian standard.
To make a measurement on a three-phase power transformer with TTR25 test

set, match the vector diagram from the transformer nameplate to the
corresponding winding connection diagram from Table C-2 through C-4. Then
connect the TTR25 test leads to the appropriate transformer winding terminals of
phase A. Put an external jumper, if required. After phase A test is complete,
reconnect the test leads to phase B. Put an external jumper, if required. After
phase B test is complete, reconnect the test leads to phase C. Put an external
jumper, if required. Compare the measured test results to the calculated turns
ratios.
NOTE. Three phase transformer may be tested in any order. For example, phase
C, then phase A, and then phase B turns ratio may be tested.
The tables show the windings tested for each of the three p hases. The tables
also show the relationship between the measured turn ratio and the actual line-
to-line voltage ratio. For the ANSI specification, the rated voltage on the
high-voltage winding is represented by V H; V X represents rated voltage on the
low-voltage winding.

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T-Type Transformers
T-type transformers represent a special type of three-phase transformers. This
transformer may be tested as a single phase transformer.
To make a measurement on a T-type transformer, the jumpers indicated in Table

C-1 should be applied to the appropriate terminals of the T-type transformer. The
TTR25 measured turns ratio should be compared to the calculated turns ratio
indicated in Table C-1.
Notes to Table C-1
1. Any connection(s) to ground/case of T-type transformer on H or X side should

be removed before testing a transformer.
2. Expect that polarity of the windings is normal (“+” sign is displayed in front of
the turns ratio test result)
Table C-1 ANSI Transformer Winding Phase Relationship
Winding Connection Winding Tested
IEC External Phase High- Low -
Vector High-Voltage Low -Voltage Jumpers tested Voltage Voltage Calculated
Group Winding (H) Winding (X) Winding Winding Turn Ratio
VH
- A H1 - H2 X1 - X2
VX
T-T
0 VH
H1 -H2
X1 -X2 B H1 – H3 X1 – X3 VX
X1
VH 3
H2 -H3 A H1 – H3 X1 - X2 •
VX 2
T-T
30
lag VH 2
•
X1 -X2 B H2 – H3 X1 – X3 VX 3
H1
VH 3
H2 -H3 A H1 – H3 X1 – X3 •
VX 2
T-T
30
lead VH 2
X1 –X3 B H2 – H3 X2 – X1 •
VX 3

42
Appendix C
Notes to Table C-2
Transformer terminal markings for distribution and power transformers marked in

accordance with requirements of American National Standard Institute, Inc
(ANSI) standard C57.12.70 – 1978.
Definition of Symbol Designations
H1, H2, H3 External terminals on HV transformer winding.
X1, X2, X3 External terminals on LV transformer winding.
H0 External neutral terminal on HV transformer winding.
X0 External neutral terminal on LV transformer winding.
* Inaccessible neutral point on HV or LV transformer winding.
VH Nameplate voltage rating (line-to-line) of HV transformer winding.
VX Nameplate voltage rating (line-to-line) of LV transformer winding.
A, B, C Winding tested on HV side of transformer.
a, b, c Winding tested on LV side of transformer.

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Copyright 1999 Megger
IEC High- Low -
Diag Vector High-Voltage Low -Voltage Phase External Voltage Voltage Measured
No. Group Winding Winding Tested Jumpers Winding Winding Turn Ratio
1φ
1 1ph0 1φ  H1 - H2 X1 - X2 VH
VX
1φ VH
2 1ph6 1φ  H1 - H2 X2 - X1
VX
A H1 - H3 X1 - X3
3 Dd0 B  H2 - H1 X2 - X1
VH
C H3 - H2 X3 - X2
VX
A H1 - H3 X3 - X1
4 Dd6 B  H2 - H1 X1 - X2 VH
C H3 - H2 X2 - X3
VX
5 Dyn1 A H1 - H3 X1 - X0
VH • 3
B  H2 - H1 X2 - X0
C H3 - H2 X3 - X0 VX
A H1 - H3 X0 - X1
6 Dyn7 B  H2 - H1 X0 - X2 VH • 3
C H3 - H2 X0 - X3
VX
A H1 - H0 X1 - X0 VH
7 YNyn0 B  H2 - H0 X2 - X0
VX
C H3 - H0 X3 - X0

44
Appendix C

IEC High- Low -
A H1 - H0 X0 - X1
8 YNyn6 B  H2 - H0 X0 - X2
VH
C H3 - H0 X0 - X3
VX
A H1 - H0 X1 - X2 VH
9 YNd1 B  H2 - H0 X2 - X3
C H3 - H0 X3 - X1 VX • 3
10 YNd7 A H1 - H0 X2 - X1 VH
B
C
 H2 - H0
H3 - H0
X3 - X2
X1 - X3 VX • 3
VH • 3
11 Dy1 A H3 - H2 H1 - H3 X1 - *
B H1 - H3 H2 - H1 X2 - * VX
C H2 - H1 H3 - H2 X3 - *
A H1 - H3 X3 - X0
12 Dyn5 B  H2 - H1 X1 - X0 VH • 3
C H3 - H2 X2 - X0
VX
A H3 - H2 H1 - H3 X3 - *
13 Dy5 B H1 – H3 H2 – H1 X1 - * VH • 3
C H2 – H1 H3 - H2 X2 - *
VX

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IEC High- Low -
A H3 - H2 H1 - H3 * - X1 VH • 3
14 Dy7 B H1 - H3 H2 - H1 * - X2
C H2 - H1 H3 - H2 * - X3 VX
H1 - H3 X0 - X3 VH • 3
15 Dyn11 A  H2 - H1 X0 - X1
B H3 - H2 X0 - X2 VX
C
A H3 - H2 H1 - H3 * - X3
16 Dy11 B H1 - H3 H2 – H1 * - X1 VH • 3
C H2 - H1 H3 - H2 * - X2 VX
A H1 - H3 X1 - X3 VH
17 Dz0 B  H2 - H1 X2 - X1
VX
C H3 - H2 X3 - X2
A H1 - H3 X3 - X1 VH
18 Dz6 B  H2 - H1 X1 - X2
VX
C H3 - H2 X2 - X3
A H2- H0 H1 - H0 X1 - * VH
19 YNy0 B H3 - H0 H2 - H0 X2 - *
VX
C H1 - H0 H3 - H0 X3 - *

46
Appendix C

IEC High- Low -
A H1 - H3 X1 - X3 VH
20 Yyn0 B  H2 - H1 X2 - X1
VX
C H3 - H2 X3 - X2
A H1 - H3 X1 - X3 VH
21 Yy0 B  H2 - H1 X2 - X1 VX
C H3 - H2 X3 - X2
A H2- H0 H1 - H0 * - X1 VH
22 YNy6 B H3 - H0 H2 - H0 * - X2
VX
C H1 - H0 H3 - H0 * - X3
A H1 - H3 X3 - X1 VH
23 Yyn6 B  H2 - H1 X1 - X2
VX
C H3 - H2 X2 - X3
A H1 - H3 X3 - X1 VH
24 Yy6 B  H2 - H1 X1 - X2
VX
C H3 - H2 X2 - X3
A H1 - H3 X1 - X0 VH • 3
25 Yzn1 B  H2 - H1 X2 - X0
C H3 - H2 X3 - X0 VX

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IEC High- Low -
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X1 - X2 VH 3
26 Yz1 B H1 - H3 H2 (H1+H3) X2 - X3 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X3 - X1 VX 2
A H1 - H3 X3 - X0 VH • 3
27 Yzn5 B  H2 - H1 X1 - X0
C H3 - H2 X2 - X0 VX
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X3 - X1 VH 3
28 Yz5 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X1 - X2 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X2 - X3 VX 2
A H1 - H3 X0 - X1 VH • 3
29 Yzn7 B  H2 - H1 X0 - X2
C H3 - H2 X0 - X3 VX
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X2 - X1 VH 3
30 Yz7 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X3 - X2 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X1 - X3 VX 2
A H1 - H3 X0 - X3 VH • 3
31 Yzn11 B  H2 - H1 X0 - X1
C H3 - H2 X0 - X2 VX

48
Appendix C

IEC High- Low -
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X1 - X3 VH 3
32 Yz11 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X2 - X1 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X3 - X2 VX 2
A H1 - H0 X3 - X1 VH
33 ZNy5 B  H2 - H0 X1 - X2
C H3 - H0 X2 - X3 VX • 3
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X3 - X1 VH 3
34 Zy5 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X1 - X2 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X2 - X3 VX 2
A H1 - H0 X1 - X3 VH
35 ZNy11 B  H2 - H0 X2 - X1
C H3 - H0 X3 - X2 VX • 3
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X1 - X3 VH 3
36 Zy11 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X2 - X1 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X3 - X2 VX 2
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X1 - X2
VH 3
37 Yd1 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X2 - X3 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X3 - X1 VX 2

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IEC High- Low -
A H1 - H0 X3 - X1 VH
38 YNd5 B  H2 - H0 X1 - X2
VX • 3
C H3 - H0 X2 - X3
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X3 - X1 VH 3
39 Yd5 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X1 - X2 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X2 - X3 VX 2
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X2 - X1 VH 3
40 Yd7 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X3 - X2 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X1 - X3 VX 2
A H1 - H0 X1 - X3 VH
41 YNd11 B  H2 - H0 X2 – X1
C H3 - H0 X3 – X2 VX • 3
A H3 - H2 H1-(H3+H2) X1 - X3 VH 3
42 Yd11 B H1 - H3 H2-(H1+H3) X2 - X1 •
C H2 - H1 H3-(H2+H1) X3 - X2 VX 2

50
Appendix C
Notes to Table C-3
Transformer terminal markings for power transformers marked in accordance

with requirements of International Standard CEI/IEC 76-1:1993.
1U, 1V, External terminals on HV transformer winding (alternate notation U,

1W V, W).
2U, 2V, External terminals on LV transformer winding (alternate notation u,

2W v, w).
1N External neutral terminal on HV transformer winding (alternate

notation N).
2N External neutral terminal on LV transformer winding (alternate

notation n).
U1 Nameplate voltage rating (line-to-line) of HV transformer winding.
U2 Nameplate voltage rating (line-to-line) of LV transformer winding.
U, V, W Phase tested.

51
M
Table C-3 CEI/IEC 76-1:1993 Transformer Winding Phase Relationship

IEC High- Low -
1φ U1
1 1ph0 1φ  1.1-1.2 2.1-2.2
U2
1φ U1
2 1ph6 1φ  1.1-1.2 2.2-2.1
U2
U  1U-1V 2U-2V U1
3 Dd0 V  1V-1W 2V-2W
U2
W  1W-1U 2W-2U
U  1U-1V 2W-2V
U1
4 Dd2 V  1V-1W 2U-2W
W  1W-1U 2V-2U U2
U  1U-1V 2W-2U U1
5 Dd4 V  1V-1W 2U-2V U2
W  1W-1U 2V-2W
U  1U-1V 2V-2U U1
6 Dd6 V  1V-1W 2W-2V U2
W  1W-1U 2U-2W
U  1U-1V 2V-2W U1
7 Dd8 V  1V-1W 2W-2U
U2
W  1W-1U 2U-2V
U  1U-1V 2U-2W U1
8 Dd10 V  1V-1W 2V-2U U2
W  1W-1U 2W-2V

52
Appendix C

IEC High- Low -
U  1U-1W 2U-2N
9 Dyn1 V  1V-1U 2V-2N U1 • 3
W  1W-1V 2W-2N
U2
U 1V-1W 1U-1W 2U-* U1• 3

10 Dy1 V 1W-1U 1V-1U 2V-*
W 1U-1V 1W-1V 2W-* U2
U  1V-1U 2U-2N
11 Dyn5 V  1W-1V 2V-2N U1 • 3
W  1U-1W 2W-2N
U2
U 1V-1W 1V-1U 2U-* U1 • 3

12 Dy5 V 1W-1U 1W-1V 2V-*
W 1U-1V 1U-1W 2W-* U2
U  1W-1U 2U-2N U1 • 3
13 Dyn7 V  1U-1V 2V-2N
U2
W  1V-1W 2W-2N
U 1V-1W 1W-1U 2U-* U1 • 3

14 Dy7 V 1W-1U 1U-1V 2V-*
W 1U-1V 1V-1W 2W-* U2

53
M

IEC High- Low -
U  1U-1V 2U-2N
15 Dyn11 V  1V-1W 2V-2N U1 • 3
W  1W-1U 2W-2N
U2
U 1V-1W 1U-1V 2U-* U1 • 3

16 Dy11 V 1W-1U 1V-1W 2V-*
W 1U-1V 1W-1U 2W-* U2
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2U-2N 1.5U1

17 Dzn0 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2V-2N
U2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2W-2N
U  1U-1V 2U-2V
U1
18 Dz0 V  1V-1W 2V-2W
W  1W-1U 2W-2U U2
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2N-2V 1.5U1

19 Dzn2 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2N-2W U2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2N-2U
U  1U-1V 2W-2V U1
20 Dz2 V  1V-1W 2U-2W U2
W  1W-1U 2V-2U

54
Appendix C

IEC High- Low -
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2W-2N 1.5U1

21 Dzn4 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2U-2N U2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2V-2N
U  1U-1V 2W-2U U1
22 Dz4 V  1V-1W 2U-2V U2
W  1W-1U 2V-2W
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2N-2U 1.5U1

23 Dzn6 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2N-2V U2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2N-2W
U  1U-1V 2V-2U U1
24 Dz6 V  1V-1W 2W-2V U2
W  1W-1U 2U-2W
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2V-2N 1.5U1

25 Dzn8 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2W-2N U2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2U-2N
U  1U-1V 2V-2W U1
26 Dz8 V  1V-1W 2W-2U
U2
W  1W-1U 2U-2V

55
M

IEC High- Low -
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2N-2W 1.5U1

27 Dzn10 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2N-2U U2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2N-2V
U  1U-1V 2U-2W U1
28 Dz10 V  1V-1W 2V-2U U2
W  1W-1U 2W-2V
U  1U-1N 2U-2N U1
29 YNyn0 V  1V-1N 2V-2N
U2
W  1W-1N 2W-2N
U 1V-1N 1U-1N 2U-* U1

30 YNy0 V 1W-1N 1V-1N 2V-*
U2
W 1U-1N 1W-1N 2W-*
U  1U-1V 2U-2V U1
31 Yyn0 V  1V-1W 2V-2W
U2
W  1W-1U 2W-2U
U  1U-1V 2U-2V U1
32 Yy0 V  1V-1W 2V-2W U2
W  1W-1U 2W-2U

56
Appendix C

IEC High- Low -
U  1U-1N 2N-2U U1
33 YNyn6 V  1V-1N 2N-2V U2
W  1W-1N 2N-2W
U 1V-1N 1U-1N *-2U U1

34 YNy6 V 1W-1N 1V-1N *-2V
U2
W 1U-1N 1W-1N *-2W
U  1U-1V 2V-2U U1
35 Yyn6 V  1V-1W 2W-2V
U2
W  1W-1U 2U-2W
U  1U-1V 2V-2U U1
36 Yy6 V  1V-1W 2W-2V
U2
W  1W-1U 2U-2W
U  1U-1W 2U-2N U1• 3

37 Yzn1 V  1V-1U 2V-2N
U2
W  1W-1V 2W-2N

57
M

IEC High- Low -
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2U-2V U1 3

38 Yz1 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2V-2W •
U2 2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2W-2U
U  1U-1V 2N-2U U1• 3

39 Yzn5 V  1V-1W 2N-2V U2
W  1W-1U 2N-2W
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2W-2U U1 3

40 Yz5 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2U-2V •
U2 2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2V-2W
U  1U-1V 2V-2N U1 • 3
41 Yzn7 V  1V-1W 2W-2N U2
W  1W-1U 2U-2N
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2V-2U U1 3

42 Yz7 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2W-2V •
U2 2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2U-2W

58
Appendix C

IEC High- Low -
U  1U-1V 2U-2N U1 • 3
43 Yzn11 V  1V-1W 2V-2N
U2
W  1W-1U 2W-2N
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2U-2W U1 3

44 Yz11 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2V-2U •
U2 2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2W-2V
U  1U-1N 2U-2V U1
45 YNd1 V  1V-1N 2V-2W
U2 • 3
W  1W-1N 2W-2U
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2U-2V U1 3

46 Yd1 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2V-2W •
U2 2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2W-2U
U  1U-1N 2W-2U U1
47 YNd5 V  1V-1N 2U-2V U2 • 3
W  1W-1N 2V-2W

59
M

IEC High- Low -
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2W-2U

U1 3
48 Yd5 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2U-2V •
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2V-2W U2 2
U  1U-1N 2V-2U U1
49 YNd7 V  1V-1N 2W-2V U2• 3
W  1W-1N 2U-2W
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2V-2U U1 3

50 Yd7 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2W-2V •
U2 2
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2U-2W
U  1U-1N 2U-2W U1
51 YNd11 V  1V-1N 2V-2U U 2• 3
W  1W-1N 2W-2V
U 1V-1W 1U-(1V+1W) 2U-2W U1 3

52 Yd11 V 1W-1U 1V-(1W+1U) 2V-2U •
W 1U-1V 1W-(1U+1V) 2W-2V U2 2

60
Appendix C
Notes to Table C-4
Transformer terminal markings for power transformers marked in accordance

with requirements of Australian Standard 2374, Part 4-1982.
A2, B2, C 2 External terminals on HV transformer winding (A x , Bx , C x ).
a2, b2, c2 External terminals on LV transformer winding (ax , bx , cx ).
N External neutral terminal on HV transformer winding.
n External neutral terminal on LV transformer winding.
HV Nameplate voltage rating (line-to-line) of HV transformer

winding.
LV Nameplate voltage rating (line-to-line) of LV transformer

winding.
A, B, C Winding tested on HV side of transformer.
a, b, c Winding tested on LV side of transformer.

61
M
Table C-4 Transformer Winding Phase Relationship (Australian Std. 2374, Part 4 - 1982)
IEC High- Low -
HV
1 1φ 1φ  A2 - A1 a2 - a1 LV
1ph0
HV
2 1φ 1φ  A2 - A1 a1 - a2 LV
1ph6
3 Dd0 A  A 2 - B2 a2 - b2
HV
B  B2 - C2 b2 - c 2
C  C2 - A 2 c 2 - a2 LV
A  A 2 - B2 b1 - a1 HV
4 Dd6 B  B2 - C2 c 1 - b1
LV
C  C2 - A 2 a1 - c 1
A  A 2 - C2 a2 - n HV • 3
5 Dyn1 B  B2 - A 2 b2 - n
LV
C  C2 - B2 c2 - n
A B2 - C2 A 2 - C2 a2 -* HV • 3
6 Dy1 B C2 - A 2 B2 - A 2 b2 - *
C A 2 - B2 C2 - B2 c2 - * LV
A  A 2 - B2 a2 - n
7 Dyn11 B  B2 - C2 b2 - n HV • 3
C  C2 - A 2 c2 - n
LV

62
Appendix C
IEC High- Low -
A B2 - C2 A 2 - B2 a2 - * HV • 3
8 Dy11 B C2 - A 2 B2 - C2 b2 - *
LV
C A 2 - B2 C2 - A 2 c2 - *
A B2 - C2 A 2 - (B2+C2) a4 - n 1.5 HV
9 Dzn0 B C2 - A 2 B2 - (C2+A2) b4 - n LV
C A 2 - B2 C2 - (A 2+B2) c4 - n
A  A 2 - B2 a4 - b4 HV
10 Dz0 B  B2 - C2 b4 - c 4 LV
C  C2 - A 2 c 4 - a4
A B2 - C2 A2 - n - a3 1.5 HV
11 Dzn6 B C2 - A 2 (B2+C2) n - b3 LV
C A 2 - B2 B2 - n - c3
(C2+A 2)
C2 - (A 2+B2)
A  A 2 - B2 b3 - a3 HV
12 Dz6 B  B2 - C2 c 3 - b3 LV
C  C2 - A 2 a3 - c 3
A  A2 - N a2 - n HV
13 YNyn0 B  B2 - N b2 - n LV
C  C2 - N c2 - n

63
M
IEC High- Low -
A B2 - N A2 - N a2 - - * HV
14 YNy0 B C2 - N B2 - N b2 - * LV
C A2 - N C2 - N c2 - *
A  A 2 - B2 a2 - b2 HV
15 Yyn0 B  B2 - C2 b2 - c 2 LV
C  C2 - A 2 c 2 - a2
A  A 2 - B2 a2 - b2 HV
16 Yy0 B  B2 - C2 b2 - c 2
LV
C  C2 - A 2 c 2 - a2
A  A2 - N n - a1 HV
17 YNyn6 B  B2 - N n - b1 LV
C  C2 - N n - c1
A B2 - N A2 - N * - a1 HV
18 YNy6 B C2 - N B2 - N * - b1
LV
C A2 - N C2 - N * - c1
A  A 2 - B2 b1 - a1 HV
19 Yyn6 B  B2 - C2 c 1 - b1 LV
C  C2 - A 2 a1 - c 1

64
Appendix C
IEC High- Low -
A  A 2 - B2 b1 - a1 HV
20 Yy6 B  B2 - C2 c 1 - b1 LV
C  C2 - A 2 a1 - c 1
A  A 2 - C2 a4 - n HV • 3
21 Yzn1 B  B2 - A 2 b4 - n
LV
C  C2 - B2 c4 - n
A B2- C2 A 2- (B2 +C2) a4 - b4 HV 3

22 Yz1 B C2 - A 2 B2 - b4 - c 4 •
C A 2 - B2 (C2+A 2) c 4 - a4 LV 2
C2 - (A 2+B2)
A  A 2 - B2 a4 - n HV • 3
23 Yzn11 B  B2 - C2 b4 - n
LV
C  C2 - A 2 c4 - n
A B2 - C2 A2 - a4 - c 4 HV 3
24 Yz11 B C2 - A2 (B2+C2) b4 - a4 •
C A 2 - B2 B2 - c 4 - b4 LV 2
(C2+A 2)
C2 - (A 2+B2)
A  A2 - N a2 - b2 HV
25 YNd1 B  B2 - N b2 - c 2
LV • 3
C  C2 - N c 2 - a2

65
M
IEC High- Low -
A B2 - C2 A 2 -(B2+C2) a2 - b2 HV 3
26 Yd1 B C2 - A 2 B2 -(C2+A2) b2 - c 2 •
C A 2 - B2 C2 -(A 2+B2) c 2 - a2 LV 2
A  A2 - N a2 - c 2 HV
27 YNd11 B  B2 - N b2 - a2
LV • 3
C  C2 - N c 2 - b2
A B2 - C2 A 2 -(B2+C2) a2 - c 2 HV 3
28 Yd11 B C2 - A 2 B2 -(C2+A2) b2 - a2 •
C A 2 - B2 C2 -(A 2+B2) c 2 - b2 LV 2
A b2 - c 2 A4 - N a2 - (b2+c 2) HV
29 ZNd0 B c 2 - a2 B4 - N b2 - (c 2+a2) 1.5 LV
C a2 - b2 C4 - N c 2 - (a2+b2)
A  A 4 - B4 a2 - b2 HV
30 Zd0 B  B4 - C4 b2 - c 2 LV
C  C4 - A 4 c 2 - a2
A b1 - c 1 A4 - N (b1+c1) - a1 HV
31 ZNd6 B c 1 - a1 B4 - N (c 1+a1) - b1 1.5 LV
C a1 - b1 C4 - N (a1+b1) - c 1

66
Appendix C
IEC High- Low -
A  A 4 - C4 b1 - a1 HV
32 Zd6 B  B4 - A 4 c 1 - b1 LV
C  C4 - B4 a1 - c 1
A  A4 - N a2 - b2 HV
33 ZNy1 B  B4 - N b2 - c 2
LV • 3
C  C4 - N c 2 - a2
A B4 - C4 A 4 -(B4+C4) a2 - b2 HV 3
34 Zy1 B C4 - A 4 B4 -(C4+A4) b2 - c 2 •
C A 4 - B4 C4 -(A 4+B4) c 2 - a2 LV 2
A  A4 - N a2 - c 2 HV
35 ZNy11 B  B4 - N b2 - a2
LV • 3
C  C4 - N c 2 - b2
A B4 - C4 A 4 -(B4+C4) a2 - c 2 HV 3
36 Zy11 B C4 - A 4 B4 -(C4+A4) b2 - a2 •
C A 4 - B4 C4 -(A 4+B4) c 2 - b2 LV 2

67
M

68

Instruction Manual AVTM TTR25 For TTR25 Handheld TTR Transformer Turn Ratio Test Set Catalog No. TTR25

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Instruction Manual AVTM TTR25 For TTR25 Handheld TTR Transformer Turn Ratio Test Set Catalog No. TTR25

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AVTMTTR25

Instruction Manual AVTM TTR25

Aparato de Alto Voltaje

Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and

3 CONTROLS & CONNECTORS ...................................................................................................................9

4 SETUP , CONNECTIONS AND OPERATION.............................................................................................11

5 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ...............................................................................................27

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

APPENDIX A - SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................35

APPENDIX B - ORDERING INFORMATION & SPARE PARTS LIST...............................................................39

APPENDIX C - CONNECTIONS AND VECTOR VOLTAGE DIAGRAMS ..........................................................41

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Figure 1-1. TTR25 Single-Phase Test Set Block Diagram ............................................................4

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Table 5 -1 Troubleshooting Guide....................................................................................................30

Table 5 -2 Self-test Error Messages ................................................................................................31

Table 5 -3 Test Error Messages .......................................................................................................31

Table 5 -4 Miscellaneous Message .................................................................................................32

Table C-1 ANSI Transformer Winding Phase Relationship ........................................................42

Table C-2 ANSI Transformer Winding Phase Relationship ........................................................44

Table C-3 CEI/IEC 76-1:1993 Transformer Winding Phase Relationship................................52

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

About the TTR25

§ Fully automatic operation.

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

§ Easy measuring of single and three phase (phase by phase) transformers, as

Transformer Turns Ratio

The TTR25 is capable of measuring exciting current by applying voltage to one of

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

provide information about the condition of a transformer’s core. Unwanted

Polarity of a distribution transformer becomes of interest in order to determine its

A block diagram of TTR25 is shown in Figure 1-1. The excitation voltage

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Figure 1-1.TTR25 Test Set Block Diagram

Applications for the TTR25

The TTR25 applies voltage to the high-voltage winding of a transformer and

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Upon Receipt of the TTR25

Examine the instrument for damage received in transit. If any damage is

How to Use This Manual

NOTE: Notes provide important information.

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Treat all terminals of high-voltage power equipment as a potential electric shock

Any repair or component replacement must be performed by qualified service

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

§ Safety is the responsibility of the user.

Cautions and Warnings

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Contrast This knob adjusts the viewing resolution of the screen.

Back Light switch

Figure 3-1 TTR25 Display & Control Panel

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Figure 3-2 TTR25 Top Side Connector Panel

TEST CABLE Plug receptacle for connecting test leads to the

RS-232/PRINTER A DB-9 male connector for connecti ng a printer or

AVTMTTR25 Rev A July 2005

Ensure that the transformer to be tested is completely de-energized.

Never interchange connections between the high- and low-voltage